Pub Date : 1958-09-01DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90017-3
R.A. Hefferlin , W.E. Kreger
The type of lead collimator usually used for gamma-ray spectrometers covering the energy range up to 1 MeV has been found essentially free from scattering; hence, the effective collimator aperture to gamma radiation in certain source-collimator geometries can be calculated according to the theory of Mather2). The same quantity for a combination of source collimator and detector collimator can likewise be calculated as if the combination were replaced by a continuous collimator of the same total length; providing the units are at least 4 inches and 6 inches long, respectively.
{"title":"Collimator penetration and scattering effects","authors":"R.A. Hefferlin , W.E. Kreger","doi":"10.1016/0369-643X(58)90017-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0369-643X(58)90017-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The type of lead collimator usually used for gamma-ray spectrometers covering the energy range up to 1 MeV has been found essentially free from scattering; hence, the effective collimator aperture to gamma radiation in certain source-collimator geometries can be calculated according to the theory of Mather<sup>2</sup>). The same quantity for a combination of source collimator and detector collimator can likewise be calculated as if the combination were replaced by a continuous collimator of the same total length; providing the units are at least 4 inches and 6 inches long, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100970,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 149-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0369-643X(58)90017-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72283471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-09-01DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90021-5
Rolf Persson
{"title":"Contrôle et protection des réacteurs nucléaires","authors":"Rolf Persson","doi":"10.1016/0369-643X(58)90021-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0369-643X(58)90021-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100970,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments","volume":"13 1","pages":"179-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82558948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-09-01DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90014-8
Georges Hall
The effect of using electron collection in a cylindrical, pulse ionization chamber is analysed. Ionizing trajectories crossing the chamber from end to end and ideal conditions are assumed. The probability of observing pulses of a given amplitude is shown to depend on this amplitude. The resulting statistical distribution of pulse amplitudes to be expected under typical conditions of operation is calculated as an example, from Landau's theoretical distribution of energy losses.
{"title":"Effets causés par la collection des électrons dans une chambre d'ionisation cylindrique","authors":"Georges Hall","doi":"10.1016/0369-643X(58)90014-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0369-643X(58)90014-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of using electron collection in a cylindrical, pulse ionization chamber is analysed. Ionizing trajectories crossing the chamber from end to end and ideal conditions are assumed. The probability of observing pulses of a given amplitude is shown to depend on this amplitude. The resulting statistical distribution of pulse amplitudes to be expected under typical conditions of operation is calculated as an example, from Landau's theoretical distribution of energy losses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100970,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0369-643X(58)90014-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72283470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-09-01DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90018-5
Herwig Schopper
The various methods for the detection of circularly polarized γ-rays are surveyed, and detailed calculations of effects limiting the obtainable accuracy are communicated.
综述了圆偏振γ射线检测的各种方法，并详细计算了限制可获得精度的影响。
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Pub Date : 1958-09-01DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90016-1
L.A. König, H. Hintenberger
The general expressions derived in a previous paper1) for second-order angle aberration, angle-velocity aberration, and velocity aberration of mass spectrometers consisting of a radial electric field and a homogeneous magnetic sector field in series, are developed for the special case of mass spectrographs with double focusing of the first order for all masses along a straight image curve. The possibilities for correcting these image defects are investigated. Tables are presented of solutions for apparatus types in which at one point of the image curve all three or two of the image defects simultaneously vanish. Almost each apparatus with simultaneous correction of the three image defects possesses a large radial field. On the other hand there are useful solutions according to which either the two image defects depending on aperture or the two depending on velocity vanish.
The numerical calculations were carried out by means of an IBM-magnetic-drum-computer, type 650. The computation procedure is outlined briefly.
{"title":"Massenspektrographen mit korrigierten bildfehlern","authors":"L.A. König, H. Hintenberger","doi":"10.1016/0369-643X(58)90016-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0369-643X(58)90016-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The general expressions derived in a previous paper<sup>1</sup>) for second-order angle aberration, angle-velocity aberration, and velocity aberration of mass spectrometers consisting of a radial electric field and a homogeneous magnetic sector field in series, are developed for the special case of mass spectrographs with double focusing of the first order for all masses along a straight image curve. The possibilities for correcting these image defects are investigated. Tables are presented of solutions for apparatus types in which at one point of the image curve all three or two of the image defects simultaneously vanish. Almost each apparatus with simultaneous correction of the three image defects possesses a large radial field. On the other hand there are useful solutions according to which either the two image defects depending on aperture or the two depending on velocity vanish.</p><p>The numerical calculations were carried out by means of an IBM-magnetic-drum-computer, type 650. The computation procedure is outlined briefly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100970,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 133-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0369-643X(58)90016-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72283469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-09-01DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90014-8
Georges Hall
{"title":"Effets causés par la collection des électrons dans une chambre d'ionisation cylindrique","authors":"Georges Hall","doi":"10.1016/0369-643X(58)90014-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0369-643X(58)90014-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100970,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Instruments","volume":"18 1","pages":"121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74499810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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