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Seafloor area within reach of petroleum technology 石油技术可及的海底区域
Ocean Management
Pub Date : 1986-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0302-184X(86)90018-1
R.H. Burroughs

The depth capabilities of offshore oil technologies have increased substantially over the last four decades. Recently exploratory drilling operations have been conducted in water as deep as 2119 m and oil and gas production facilities have been installed in 311 m of water. The maximum potential impact of the technology is computed yearly using annual depth records which are converted into area of seafloor. In one region, the Western Gulf of Mexico, deep water production capability had exceeded the bathymetric limits and hence area of the geologic shelf by 1975. On a global scale if depth is the sole constraining factor, up to 53 million km2 or 15% of ocean-area is now open to exploratory drilling. This is equivalent to 37% of all land area above sealevel. Using the same bathymetric constraint up to 23 million km2 worldide became available for production by 1978. These subsea areas will influence global supply during times of high demand for oil and gas.

在过去的四十年中，海上石油技术的深度能力有了很大的提高。最近，在水深2119米的地方进行了勘探钻井作业，在水深311米的地方安装了油气生产设施。该技术的最大潜在影响是每年使用年度深度记录计算的，这些记录被转换成海底面积。在一个区域，即墨西哥湾西部，深水生产能力到1975年已经超过了水深界限，因此超过了地质陆架的面积。在全球范围内，如果深度是唯一的限制因素，那么现在有多达5300万平方公里或15%的海洋面积可供勘探钻探。这相当于所有海平面以上陆地面积的37%。使用相同的水深限制，到1978年，全球可用于生产的面积达2300万平方公里。在石油和天然气高需求时期，这些海底区域将影响全球供应。
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引用次数: 2
U.S. and Canadian groundfish management in the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank region 美国和加拿大缅因-乔治湾地区底栖鱼的管理
Ocean Management
Pub Date : 1986-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0302-184X(86)90017-X
J. Bubier, A. Rieser
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引用次数: 6
Economics of fisheries development 渔业发展经济学
Ocean Management
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0302-184X(86)90013-2
M. Glassner
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引用次数: 8
New directions in international law: Essays in honour of Wolfgang Abendroth-Festschrift Zu Seinem 75. Geburtstag 国际法的新方向:为纪念沃尔夫冈·阿本德罗斯-费斯特施里夫·祖·塞纳姆而写的论文集75。Geburtstag
Ocean Management
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0302-184X(86)90010-7
W.Paul Gormley
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引用次数: 0
The ocean dumping quandary: Waste disposal in the New York bight 海洋倾倒的困境:纽约夜间的废物处理
Ocean Management
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0302-184X(86)90008-9
W. Gormley
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引用次数: 0
Oceanography, the present and future 海洋学，现在和未来
Ocean Management
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0302-184X(86)90009-0
K.F. Bowden
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引用次数: 0
Nature conservation, nature management and physical planning in the Wadden Sea area: M.F. Mölzer Bruyns and W. J. Wolff (Editors) Balkema, Rotterdam, 1983, 163 pp., Dfl. 20.00, U.S. $6.90 瓦登海地区的自然保护、自然管理和自然规划:M.F. Mölzer Bruyns和W. J. Wolff(编辑)Balkema，鹿特丹，1983,163页，Dfl. 20, us $6.90
Ocean Management
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0302-184X(86)90014-4
S. Groot
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引用次数: 5
The legal regime of fisheries in the Caribbean region 加勒比区域渔业法律制度
Ocean Management
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0302-184x(86)90011-9
D. Nixon
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引用次数: 0
The legal regime of fisheries in the Caribbean region 加勒比区域渔业法律制度
Ocean Management
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0302-184X(86)90011-9
D.W. Nixon
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引用次数: 0
Marine sand and gravel extraction in the North Atlantic and its potential environmental impact, with emphasis on the North Sea 北大西洋海砂和砾石开采及其潜在的环境影响，重点是北海
Ocean Management
Pub Date : 1986-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0302-184X(86)90004-1
S.J. de Groot

This paper reviews the dredging of aggregates in the North Atlantic, North Sea and Baltic Sea area in the period 1979–1985. It is estimated that the following average amounts are extracted per year: sand for building purposes 40 million m3; gravel 9 million m3; calcareous material 1 million m3; maintenance dredging (sand) 400 million m3. Sand for building purposes is mainly extracted in the southern North Sea, gravel along the English east coast and Channel, shell in the Wadden Sea (North Sea) area of the Netherlands, West Germany and Denmark. Intensive maintenance dredging is carried out along the American east coast and in the southern North Sea (estuaries of the rivers Rhine, Scheldt and Meuse). At present, the short term environmental impact of aggregate extraction activities is small. However, the dumping of polluted harbour dredgings from the ports of Rotterdam and New York is already causing problems. Conflicts might arise with fisheries interest from gravel extraction in the North Sea, where in heavily dredged areas there may be a permanent shift in the species composition of the benthic fauna

本文回顾了1979-1985年北大西洋、北海和波罗的海地区集料疏浚的情况。据估计，每年平均提取的沙子如下:建筑用沙4000万立方米;砾石900万m3;钙质物料100万m3;维护挖沙(砂)4亿立方米。建筑用砂主要采自北海南部，砾石采自英国东海岸和英吉利海峡，贝壳采自荷兰、西德和丹麦的瓦登海(北海)地区。在美国东海岸和北海南部(莱茵河、斯海尔德河和默兹河的河口)进行了密集的维护疏浚工作。目前，骨料开采活动对环境的短期影响很小。然而，从鹿特丹港和纽约港倾倒被污染的港口疏浚物已经造成了问题。在北海开采砾石可能会与渔业利益产生冲突，在那里，在疏浚严重的地区，底栖动物的物种组成可能会发生永久性的变化
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引用次数: 30
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