Pub Date : 1984-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90685-9
C.N. Battershill , P.R. Bergquist
Intrinsic rhythmic activity of Nerita (Melanerita) atramentosa melanotragus was assessed under constant laboratory conditions. Activity proved to be a sensitive indicator of toxicity, and was affected by low levels of a relatively new oil dispersing agent, Shell SD LTX. How the state of activity influenced animal sensitivity to Shell SD LTX and to an oil, Maui Condensate, was investigated using short-term recovery experiments. Nerita were most sensitive during their active phase, and results during this period differed significantly from tests carried out during the inactive phase of the animal. Dispersant/oil mixture proved to be highly toxic. These findings have ecological implications and permit comment relating to the design of sublethal toxicity tests. These subjects are discussed.
{"title":"The influence of biorhythms on sensitivity of Nerita to pollutants at sublethal levels","authors":"C.N. Battershill , P.R. Bergquist","doi":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90685-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90685-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intrinsic rhythmic activity of <em>Nerita (Melanerita) atramentosa melanotragus</em> was assessed under constant laboratory conditions. Activity proved to be a sensitive indicator of toxicity, and was affected by low levels of a relatively new oil dispersing agent, Shell SD LTX. How the state of activity influenced animal sensitivity to Shell SD LTX and to an oil, Maui Condensate, was investigated using short-term recovery experiments. <em>Nerita</em> were most sensitive during their active phase, and results during this period differed significantly from tests carried out during the inactive phase of the animal. Dispersant/oil mixture proved to be highly toxic. These findings have ecological implications and permit comment relating to the design of sublethal toxicity tests. These subjects are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100983,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Petrochemical Pollution","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90685-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85855032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90637-9
W.J. Lehr, H.M. Cekirge, R.J. Fraga , M.S. Belen
A series of test spills varying in size from 13 to 51 barrels was carried out in the Arabian Gulf using Arabian light and heavy crude oils. The areas of the black oil part of the spill, the sheen and the total slick were measured at various times. Comparison with commonly used spread formulas showed wide discrepancies between predicted and measured results.
{"title":"Empirical studies of the spreading of oil spills","authors":"W.J. Lehr, H.M. Cekirge, R.J. Fraga , M.S. Belen","doi":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90637-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90637-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of test spills varying in size from 13 to 51 barrels was carried out in the Arabian Gulf using Arabian light and heavy crude oils. The areas of the black oil part of the spill, the sheen and the total slick were measured at various times. Comparison with commonly used spread formulas showed wide discrepancies between predicted and measured results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100983,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Petrochemical Pollution","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90637-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87995741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90765-8
S.O. Stanley
{"title":"Fate and fluxes of oil pollutants in the Kuwait action plan region, Basrah, January 1984","authors":"S.O. Stanley","doi":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90765-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90765-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100983,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Petrochemical Pollution","volume":"2 1","pages":"Page 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90765-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82353365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90733-6
S.J. Binyon
{"title":"Improved additives for the demulsification and recovery of waste oils","authors":"S.J. Binyon","doi":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90733-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90733-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100983,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Petrochemical Pollution","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90733-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76303898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90669-0
Terje Klokk
The effects of oil pollution on the germination and vegetative growth of five species of vascular plants were investigated. The species were Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis, Phleum commutatum, Agrostis tenuis and Trifolium repens. The test oil was a mixed water-in-oil (1 : 1) emulsion with oil fractions from the Statfjord field in the North Sea. Oil pollution corresponding to 0.11 m−3 (oil-emulsion) has no negative effect on germination, except for T. repens where germination is reduced. Larger oil quantities have a considerable negative effect on germination frequency and vegetative growth, also the germination process is delayed. A positive effect of oil pollution (0.11 m−2) is observed on the vegetative growth of T. repens and the germination frequency of F. rubra.
{"title":"Effects of oil pollution on the germination and vegetative growth of five species of vascular plant","authors":"Terje Klokk","doi":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90669-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90669-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of oil pollution on the germination and vegetative growth of five species of vascular plants were investigated. The species were <em>Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis, Phleum commutatum, Agrostis tenuis</em> and <em>Trifolium repens</em>. The test oil was a mixed water-in-oil (1 : 1) emulsion with oil fractions from the Statfjord field in the North Sea. Oil pollution corresponding to 0.11 m<sup>−3</sup> (oil-emulsion) has no negative effect on germination, except for <em>T. repens</em> where germination is reduced. Larger oil quantities have a considerable negative effect on germination frequency and vegetative growth, also the germination process is delayed. A positive effect of oil pollution (0.11 m<sup>−2</sup>) is observed on the vegetative growth of <em>T. repens</em> and the germination frequency of <em>F. rubra</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100983,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Petrochemical Pollution","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90669-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83657030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90653-7
Reinhard H. Ganten
From 30 April to 25 May 1984 the “International Conference on Liability and Compensation for Damage in connection with the Carriage of Certain Substances by Sea” will be held in the new headquarters of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in London. This Conference is expected to be attended by a large number of States with maritime interests. Around 60 or more States are likely to be represented.
{"title":"Oil pollution liability","authors":"Reinhard H. Ganten","doi":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90653-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90653-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>From 30 April to 25 May 1984 the “International Conference on Liability and Compensation for Damage in connection with the Carriage of Certain Substances by Sea” will be held in the new headquarters of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in London. This Conference is expected to be attended by a large number of States with maritime interests. Around 60 or more States are likely to be represented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100983,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Petrochemical Pollution","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90653-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73968085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crude oils and petroleum products have been shown to produce qualitatively similar water soluble fractions. These were prepared from crude oils and petroleum products and were analysed using two methods of gas chromatography. A headspace technique was used to measure the more volatile hydrocarbons and a microextraction analysis was used for the less volatile fraction. The chromatograms gave the same fingerprint of aromatic hydrocarbons with some quantitative differences. Diesel and fuel oils showed extra peaks in the higher boiling point range, while gasoline gave a water soluble fraction which was richest in both the very volatile and less volatile fractions.
{"title":"Analysis of the water-soluble fraction of crude oils and petroleum products by gas chromatography","authors":"Derek A.J. Murray , W.L. Lockhart , G.R.B. Webster","doi":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90701-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90701-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crude oils and petroleum products have been shown to produce qualitatively similar water soluble fractions. These were prepared from crude oils and petroleum products and were analysed using two methods of gas chromatography. A headspace technique was used to measure the more volatile hydrocarbons and a microextraction analysis was used for the less volatile fraction. The chromatograms gave the same fingerprint of aromatic hydrocarbons with some quantitative differences. Diesel and fuel oils showed extra peaks in the higher boiling point range, while gasoline gave a water soluble fraction which was richest in both the very volatile and less volatile fractions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100983,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Petrochemical Pollution","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0143-7127(84)90701-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77814750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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