Current approaches to the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant tumors have changed significantly over the past decade. Instead of a purely palliative systemic or just supportive therapy, a large proportion of patients receive an aggressive local treatment directed not only to the primary tumor, but also to metastatic foci, and a number of studies demonstrate the advantage of such approach. This review provides information on the role of radiation therapy as a local method of treatment of metastatic cancer patients.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF STEREOTAXIC BODY RADIOTHERAPY (SBRT) IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DISTANT METASTASES","authors":"N. Dengina","doi":"10.31917/2204282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2204282","url":null,"abstract":"Current approaches to the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant tumors have changed significantly over the past decade. Instead of a purely palliative systemic or just supportive therapy, a large proportion of patients receive an aggressive local treatment directed not only to the primary tumor, but also to metastatic foci, and a number of studies demonstrate the advantage of such approach. This review provides information on the role of radiation therapy as a local method of treatment of metastatic cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75004279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Е.М. Bit-Sava, L. A. Gor, S. B. Bakhovadinova, М.А. Monogarova, М.G. Kurbanova, А.О. Damenia, А.М. Khabicheva, Т.S. Dzhukaeva, К.В. Mikhail, А.S. Zhurov, V. Moiseenko
Due to the success of neoadjuvant systemic therapy and modern approaches to the surgical treatment of breast cancer, the proportion of organ-preserving operations has increased significantly. Radiation therapy reduces the risk of local recurrence of breast cancer after breast preservation, but entails undesirable consequences of exposure to surrounding tissues. The popularity and low frequency of side effects of accelerated partial irradiation allows us to consider it in some cases as an alternative to traditional remote irradiation in breast cancer patients.
{"title":"POSSIBILITIES OF INTRAOPERATIVE RADIATION THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS","authors":"Е.М. Bit-Sava, L. A. Gor, S. B. Bakhovadinova, М.А. Monogarova, М.G. Kurbanova, А.О. Damenia, А.М. Khabicheva, Т.S. Dzhukaeva, К.В. Mikhail, А.S. Zhurov, V. Moiseenko","doi":"10.31917/2204291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2204291","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the success of neoadjuvant systemic therapy and modern approaches to the surgical treatment of breast cancer, the proportion of organ-preserving operations has increased significantly. Radiation therapy reduces the risk of local recurrence of breast cancer after breast preservation, but entails undesirable consequences of exposure to surrounding tissues. The popularity and low frequency of side effects of accelerated partial irradiation allows us to consider it in some cases as an alternative to traditional remote irradiation in breast cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77937612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radiation therapy is a treatment approach in soft tissue and bone sarcomas, and it is usually used in a combination with surgical treatment. High local control is a problem that remains relevant, as well as reducing the treatment toxicity. Modern technologies such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, stereotactic radiation therapy, and hadron therapy have expanded the use of radiation therapy in the treatment primary and metastatic sarcomas. The effectiveness of radiation therapy can be enhanced in combination with chemotherapy and targeted therapy. The future is in a personalized approach based on the assessment not only the tumor parameters and the patient condition but also individual radiosensitivity. This review defines the role of radiation therapy soft tissue and bone sarcomas
{"title":"WHAT IS THE ROLE OF RADIOTHERAPY FOR MANAGEMENT OF SOFT TISSUE AND BONE SARCONAS?","authors":"T. Sharabura","doi":"10.31917/2204267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2204267","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation therapy is a treatment approach in soft tissue and bone sarcomas, and it is usually used in a combination with surgical treatment. High local control is a problem that remains relevant, as well as reducing the treatment toxicity. Modern technologies such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, stereotactic radiation therapy, and hadron therapy have expanded the use of radiation therapy in the treatment primary and metastatic sarcomas. The effectiveness of radiation therapy can be enhanced in combination with chemotherapy and targeted therapy. The future is in a personalized approach based on the assessment not only the tumor parameters and the patient condition but also individual radiosensitivity. This review defines the role of radiation therapy soft tissue and bone sarcomas","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85134748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
М.А. Monogarova, Е.М. Bit-Sava, М.G. Kurbanova, А.О. Damenia, V. Moiseenko
Performing immediate reconstructive plastic surgery, regardless of the type of reconstruction, reduces the level of anxiety in its various manifestations, anxiety disorders, depression, improves the quality of life and increases the level of aesthetic satisfaction of the patient with the results of surgical treatment.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS AFTER VARIOUS TYPES OF SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS","authors":"М.А. Monogarova, Е.М. Bit-Sava, М.G. Kurbanova, А.О. Damenia, V. Moiseenko","doi":"10.31917/2204298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2204298","url":null,"abstract":"Performing immediate reconstructive plastic surgery, regardless of the type of reconstruction, reduces the level of anxiety in its various manifestations, anxiety disorders, depression, improves the quality of life and increases the level of aesthetic satisfaction of the patient with the results of surgical treatment.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"350 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82590434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Navmatulya, V. Chubenko, S. Savchuk, F. Almukhametova, P.Y. Tsuprun, Е.М. Zykov, V. Moiseenko, A. I. Kuznetsov, G. Inusilaev, V. A. Heinstein, K. Shelekhova
Gastric cancer is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of the digestive system. These tumors are genetically heterogeneous,and they could be subdivided into four groups. One of such groups, microsatellite instable (MSI) gastric cancer, is of interest considering prognosis and response to therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors present a perspective strategy in treating these tumors, however, there is currently insufficient data on their use in microsatellite instable gastric cancer. Aim of this study was to evaluate objective response to neoadjuvant checkpoint inhibitors treatment in patients with MSI gastric cancer. Eleven patients were enrolled. They received Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab (investigator choice) in a neoadjuvant setting. Objective response was registered in 9 (81,8%) patients, two patients had stabilization. Nine patients (81,8%) underwent radical surgery. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was registered in 3 (33,3%). Postoperative complications were tracked and registered in accordance with Clavien-Dindo classification: grade 1 – 2 patients, grade 2 – 2 patients, grade 3 – 1 patient.
{"title":"Neoadjuvant anti PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in locally advanced gastric cancer with microsatellite instability","authors":"A. Navmatulya, V. Chubenko, S. Savchuk, F. Almukhametova, P.Y. Tsuprun, Е.М. Zykov, V. Moiseenko, A. I. Kuznetsov, G. Inusilaev, V. A. Heinstein, K. Shelekhova","doi":"10.31917/2204244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2204244","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric cancer is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of the digestive system. These tumors are genetically heterogeneous,and they could be subdivided into four groups. One of such groups, microsatellite instable (MSI) gastric cancer, is of interest considering prognosis and response to therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors present a perspective strategy in treating these tumors, however, there is currently insufficient data on their use in microsatellite instable gastric cancer. Aim of this study was to evaluate objective response to neoadjuvant checkpoint inhibitors treatment in patients with MSI gastric cancer. Eleven patients were enrolled. They received Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab (investigator choice) in a neoadjuvant setting. Objective response was registered in 9 (81,8%) patients, two patients had stabilization. Nine patients (81,8%) underwent radical surgery. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was registered in 3 (33,3%). Postoperative complications were tracked and registered in accordance with Clavien-Dindo classification: grade 1 – 2 patients, grade 2 – 2 patients, grade 3 – 1 patient.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80425409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Saevets, E. A. Ulrich, D. Rostovtsev, A. Shamanova, A. A. Mukhin, S. I. Samodurov, A. Taratonov, E. Glazyrina
Ovarian cancer ranks third among the tumors of the reproductive system in women. This disease has no screening.It is characterized by a latent course and, as a result, is diagnosed at the advanced stages of the tumor process. There are two methods of treatment for this disease: aggressive cytoreductive surgery and anticancer drug therapy. However, the phasing of approaches causes controversy among oncologists. This article will consider approaches to choosing the stage of treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer based on the analysis of international studies.
{"title":"CHOOSING THE STAGE OF TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED FORMS OF OVARIAN CANCER","authors":"V. Saevets, E. A. Ulrich, D. Rostovtsev, A. Shamanova, A. A. Mukhin, S. I. Samodurov, A. Taratonov, E. Glazyrina","doi":"10.31917/2204229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2204229","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian cancer ranks third among the tumors of the reproductive system in women. This disease has no screening.It is characterized by a latent course and, as a result, is diagnosed at the advanced stages of the tumor process. There are two methods of treatment for this disease: aggressive cytoreductive surgery and anticancer drug therapy. However, the phasing of approaches causes controversy among oncologists. This article will consider approaches to choosing the stage of treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer based on the analysis of international studies.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81049629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lungs are the most frequent target organ in the generalization of the tumor process. Isolated metastases in the lungs are detected in 6–35% of patients with malignant neoplasms. Currently, the main method of treatment of patients with isolated metastatic lung lesions in accordance with the expanded criteria of N.R. Tomford is surgical. Numerous studies have demonstrated a 5-year survival rate of 30–50% after lung metastasectomy in carefully selected patients. Despite certain criteria for selecting patients for performing metastasectomy, its effectiveness is not always convincing, since repeated development of metastases in the lungs after performing only metastasectomy occurs in 43–66% of patients. In order to increase the efficiency of control over micrometastasis, a technique of isolated lung perfusion (ILP) has been proposed, which requires further study. Currently, surgical methods of metastasectomy and ILP should be considered as part of a combined treatment with systemic chemotherapy after careful selection of patients based on an optimal set of prognostic criteria
{"title":"Operation or systemic therapy in case of resectable metastases?","authors":"E. Levchenko","doi":"10.31917/2204255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2204255","url":null,"abstract":"The lungs are the most frequent target organ in the generalization of the tumor process. Isolated metastases in the lungs are detected in 6–35% of patients with malignant neoplasms. Currently, the main method of treatment of patients with isolated metastatic lung lesions in accordance with the expanded criteria of N.R. Tomford is surgical. Numerous studies have demonstrated a 5-year survival rate of 30–50% after lung metastasectomy in carefully selected patients. Despite certain criteria for selecting patients for performing metastasectomy, its effectiveness is not always convincing, since repeated development of metastases in the lungs after performing only metastasectomy occurs in 43–66% of patients. In order to increase the efficiency of control over micrometastasis, a technique of isolated lung perfusion (ILP) has been proposed, which requires further study. Currently, surgical methods of metastasectomy and ILP should be considered as part of a combined treatment with systemic chemotherapy after careful selection of patients based on an optimal set of prognostic criteria","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79577426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bogdanov, V. Vysochinskaya, A. A. Kornev, A. Emelyanov, A. Bogdanov, V. Moiseyenko
Immune therapy is one of the most promising areas of cancer treatment. It is aimed at a cascade of processes responsible for the antitumor immune response. The involved regulatory mechanisms become targets for various therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring the impaired functions of immune cells that eliminate cancer cells. The ability of malignant cells to affect receptors of immune checkpoints is one of the most important mechanisms for suppressing antitumor immunity. The development of immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs) based on monoclonal antibodies, as well as the methods of adoptive cell therapy (ACT), are a breakthrough in the immunotherapy of malignant diseases, but it carries a number of limitations such as insufficient efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness. The use of RNA interference technologies opens up prospects for the development of fundamentally new class of ICIs and, as a consequence, the development of more efficient ACT methods. This review presents the main problems and prospects of the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as the ICIs are highlighted in order to optimize modern AKT approaches
{"title":"Prospects for the use of small interfering RNAs as inhibitors of immune checkpoints for immunotherapy in oncology","authors":"A. Bogdanov, V. Vysochinskaya, A. A. Kornev, A. Emelyanov, A. Bogdanov, V. Moiseyenko","doi":"10.31917/2203204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2203204","url":null,"abstract":"Immune therapy is one of the most promising areas of cancer treatment. It is aimed at a cascade of processes responsible for the antitumor immune response. The involved regulatory mechanisms become targets for various therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring the impaired functions of immune cells that eliminate cancer cells. The ability of malignant cells to affect receptors of immune checkpoints is one of the most important mechanisms for suppressing antitumor immunity. The development of immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs) based on monoclonal antibodies, as well as the methods of adoptive cell therapy (ACT), are a breakthrough in the immunotherapy of malignant diseases, but it carries a number of limitations such as insufficient efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness. The use of RNA interference technologies opens up prospects for the development of fundamentally new class of ICIs and, as a consequence, the development of more efficient ACT methods. This review presents the main problems and prospects of the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as the ICIs are highlighted in order to optimize modern AKT approaches","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79461766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tumor cell metabolism has certain distinctive features such as aerobic glycolysis, utilization of alternative energy sources, increased lipid synthesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, macropinocytosis, autophagy, high levels of ROS, tumor microenvironment and hypoxia. This heterogeneity is determined by the malignant phenotype and the environmental conditions. Targeting specific metabolic pathways may be a promising treatment to increase the overall survival. This paper demonstrates the metabolic reprogramming as the potential anticancer strategy.
{"title":"Therapeutic Targets of Tumor Metabolism","authors":"V. Chubenko","doi":"10.31917/2203183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2203183","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor cell metabolism has certain distinctive features such as aerobic glycolysis, utilization of alternative energy sources, increased lipid synthesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, macropinocytosis, autophagy, high levels of ROS, tumor microenvironment and hypoxia. This heterogeneity is determined by the malignant phenotype and the environmental conditions. Targeting specific metabolic pathways may be a promising treatment to increase the overall survival. This paper demonstrates the metabolic reprogramming as the potential anticancer strategy.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82154664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I.A. IMedyanik, A. Gordetsov, O. V. Krasnikova, A.R. Kondratyeva1, S. Badu, I. Lobanov, N. Karyakin, Z. Shenkarev
The study considers the results of application of blood serum infrared spectroscopy as a diagnosis method of brain tumors with various morphological structure. The study involves 99 patients with brain tumors (glioblastomas were diagnosed in 22 patients, astrocytomas – in 21, neuromas – in 13, meningiomas – in 12, ependymomas – in 11, oligodendroastrocytomas – in 10, hypophyseal adenomas – in 10 patients), 16 patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents of ischemic type, 24 patients with severe traumatic brain injury and 20 healthy volunteers. In each studied case, 13 ratios of peak heights of blood serum infrared spectrum absorption bands were studied applying infrared spectroscopy (IRS). The results of morphological and immunohistochemical examinations were compared with the results of blood serum IRS data of patients with brain tumors. There were statistically significant correlations between the histological nature of brain tumors and IRS values. Statistically significant differences between the blood serum IRS of patients with tumor, non-tumor brain lesions and healthy volunteers were also found.
{"title":"Infrared spectroscopy in detection of brain tumor of different morphological structure","authors":"I.A. IMedyanik, A. Gordetsov, O. V. Krasnikova, A.R. Kondratyeva1, S. Badu, I. Lobanov, N. Karyakin, Z. Shenkarev","doi":"10.31917/2203218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2203218","url":null,"abstract":"The study considers the results of application of blood serum infrared spectroscopy as a diagnosis method of brain tumors with various morphological structure. The study involves 99 patients with brain tumors (glioblastomas were diagnosed in 22 patients, astrocytomas – in 21, neuromas – in 13, meningiomas – in 12, ependymomas – in 11, oligodendroastrocytomas – in 10, hypophyseal adenomas – in 10 patients), 16 patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents of ischemic type, 24 patients with severe traumatic brain injury and 20 healthy volunteers. In each studied case, 13 ratios of peak heights of blood serum infrared spectrum absorption bands were studied applying infrared spectroscopy (IRS). The results of morphological and immunohistochemical examinations were compared with the results of blood serum IRS data of patients with brain tumors. There were statistically significant correlations between the histological nature of brain tumors and IRS values. Statistically significant differences between the blood serum IRS of patients with tumor, non-tumor brain lesions and healthy volunteers were also found.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72867011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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