Rock Mechanics Bulletin最新文献_第5页

Deep learning-powered rock mass classification: Predicting RMR from Q-system parameters with high accuracy 基于深度学习的岩体分类：基于q系统参数的RMR高精度预测

IF 7

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100219

Tawanda Zvarivadza , Abiodun Ismail Lawal , Moshood Onifade , Francois Mulenga , Sangki Kwon , Manoj Khandelwal

Reliable stability assessment requires an objective and precise assessment of the rock mass quality classification. A deep learning model is developed to create a tool that can provide a rapid and precise assessment of the quality of rock masses. While there are empirical equations to determine RMR values from Q parameters, this study provides an advanced highly accurate deep learning approach to determine RMR values from Q parameters. This serves to reduce the amount of fieldwork related to collecting the rockmass data needed to independently assess rockmass quality using the RMR system and the Q system separately. The RMR values, like Q values, were first determined independently in the field. The deep learning approach was later used to predict the field-determined RMR values from the field-determined Q parameters. This means that each practical field measurement point had an RMR, and a Q value independently determined for it before the deep learning approach was applied. The six rockmass parameters of the Q system (RQD, J_n, J_r, J_a, J_w, SRF) are used as input in this model while the RMR is used as the output variable. In this study, the dataset contains 356 samples, 70%, 15% and 15% of the entire sample data are used to train, test, and validate the model, respectively. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated and compared using metrics such as R², MAE, and RMSE among many others. The overall R² values for the ANN, FDA-ANN and SCA-ANN are 0.9951, 0.996 and 0.9955 respectively. The MAE values are 0.099, 0.096 and 0.085 for ANN, FDA-ANN and SCA-ANN respectively. The FDA-ANN model has a higher accuracy than other techniques, such as the ANN and SCA-ANN. The error values obtained for each of the models are very close to their expected value of 0 while their obtained R² and VAF are also much closer to the targeted value of 1 and 100% respectively. The PI is also close to the expected value of 2. Hence, the three proposed models can be confidently used in predicting RMR values using Q parameters obtained from field investigations without the need to independently determine RMR from the traditional RMR field parameters. The study used the Chord diagram to display the rank of the performance indicators and the sensitivity analysis using the Cosine Amplitude methods (CAM). It shows that the RQD parameter has the highest CAM value followed by J_w and then J_n for all three models. The results offered here provide insight for engineers and academics who are interested in analysing rock mass classification criteria or conducting field investigations.

可靠的稳定性评价要求对岩体质量分级进行客观准确的评价。开发了一个深度学习模型来创建一个工具，可以提供对岩体质量的快速和精确的评估。虽然有从Q参数确定RMR值的经验方程，但本研究提供了一种先进的高精度深度学习方法来从Q参数确定RMR值。这有助于减少与收集岩体数据相关的现场工作，这些数据需要分别使用RMR系统和Q系统独立评估岩体质量。RMR值和Q值一样，首先是在野外独立确定的。深度学习方法随后被用于从现场确定的Q参数中预测现场确定的RMR值。这意味着每个实际现场测量点都有一个RMR，并且在应用深度学习方法之前为其独立确定了Q值。该模型以Q系统的6个岩体参数（RQD、Jn、Jr、Ja、Jw、SRF）作为输入，RMR作为输出变量。在本研究中，数据集包含356个样本，整个样本数据的70%、15%和15%分别用于训练、测试和验证模型。使用诸如R2、MAE和RMSE等指标对模型的预测性能进行评估和比较。ANN、FDA-ANN和SCA-ANN的总体R2值分别为0.9951、0.996和0.9955。ANN、FDA-ANN和SCA-ANN的MAE分别为0.099、0.096和0.085。FDA-ANN模型比其他技术（如ANN和SCA-ANN）具有更高的准确率。各模型得到的误差值非常接近期望值0，得到的R2和VAF也非常接近目标值1和100%。PI也接近期望值2。因此，这三种模型可以自信地使用现场调查获得的Q参数来预测RMR值，而无需从传统的RMR现场参数独立确定RMR。本研究使用和弦图来显示绩效指标的排名，并使用余弦振幅法（CAM）进行敏感性分析。结果表明，对于所有三种模型，RQD参数的CAM值最高，其次是Jw，然后是Jn。这里提供的结果为对分析岩体分类标准或进行实地调查感兴趣的工程师和学者提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

A logistic-based constitutive model for rocks under uniaxial compression considering the initial damage recovery characteristics 考虑初始损伤恢复特征的单轴压缩岩石logistic本构模型

IF 7

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100216

Yunpeng Guo , Dongqiao Liu , Jieyu Li , Jian Liu , Xiao Tong

The damage process is categorized into two phases from the perspective of crack evolution, damage recovery induced by the closure of primary cracks and damage growth induced by the propagation of new cracks, to establish a damage evolution equation and constitutive relationship that accounts for the initial damage recovery characteristics of rocks. The damage recovery and growth variables are determined through coordinate transformation and the deformation modulus attenuation method, using the damage stress threshold as the critical point. The corresponding theoretical damage evolution equation is developed using the logistic model. In addition, based on the strain equivalence hypothesis, a comprehensive damage evolution equation and constitutive model incorporating the rock's initial compaction process are developed. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is confirmed using uniaxial compression data from gabbro, granite, red sandstone, and yellow sandstone. The results show that the model curve closely aligns with the experimental data.

从裂纹演化的角度将损伤过程分为两个阶段，即原始裂纹闭合引起的损伤恢复阶段和新裂纹扩展引起的损伤扩展阶段，建立了反映岩石初始损伤恢复特征的损伤演化方程和本构关系。以损伤应力阈值为临界点，通过坐标变换和变形模量衰减法确定损伤恢复和增长变量。利用logistic模型建立了相应的理论损伤演化方程。基于应变等效假设，建立了岩石初始压实过程的综合损伤演化方程和本构模型。最后，利用辉长岩、花岗岩、红砂岩和黄砂岩的单轴压缩数据验证了该模型的有效性。结果表明，模型曲线与实验数据吻合较好。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of blast-induced ground vibration in dolomitic marble quarry using Z-number information and fuzzy cognitive map based neural network models 基于z数信息和模糊认知图的神经网络模型预测白云岩采石场爆破诱发地面振动

IF 7

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100217

Shahab Hosseini , Abiodun Ismail Lawal , Francois Mulenga

Blast-induced ground vibration (BIGV) is one of the detrimental environmental consequences of blasting operations in mining and civil engineering. Hence, accurate prediction of BIGV is highly imperative. Therefore, different novel artificial intelligence (AI) methods such as Bayesian regularized neural network (BRNN), Bayesian regularized causality-weighted neural network (BRCWNN) and Z-number-based Bayesian regularized causality-weighted neural network (Z-BRCWNN) are proposed in this study for the reliable prediction of BIGV in a dolomitic marble quarry using the obtained field data. The outcome of the proposed models is subjected to rigorous statistical analyses. The outcome of analyses revealed that the Z-BRCWNN model outperformed the other models with 70%, 82% and 82% threshold statistic values evaluated at the 5%, 10% and 15% confidence levels for the testing phase and 63%, 91% and 91% threshold values for the validation phase evaluated at the same levels as above. The sensitivity analysis conducted revealed that the distance from the measuring point to the blasting point (DI) has the highest influence on BIGV.

在矿山和土木工程中，爆破引起的地面振动（BIGV）是爆破作业的有害环境后果之一。因此，准确预测BIGV是非常必要的。因此，本研究提出了贝叶斯正则化神经网络（BRNN）、贝叶斯正则化因果加权神经网络（BRCWNN）和基于z数的贝叶斯正则化因果加权神经网络（Z-BRCWNN）等不同的人工智能（AI）新方法，利用获得的现场数据对白云岩大理岩采石场的BIGV进行可靠预测。所提出的模型的结果要经过严格的统计分析。分析结果表明，Z-BRCWNN模型在5%、10%和15%置信水平上的阈值统计值分别为70%、82%和82%，在相同水平上的验证阶段阈值分别为63%、91%和91%，优于其他模型。灵敏度分析表明，测点到爆点的距离（DI）对BIGV的影响最大。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the effect of surface retaining elements on the dynamic load resistance of bolted rock 表面挡土元件对锚固岩体抗动载影响的研究

IF 7

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100214

Hao Feng , Lishuai Jiang , Qingjia Niu , Chunang Li , Atsushi Sainoki

The failure of support systems in deep coal mine roadways is a critical issue that hinders the development of deep coal resources. As a critical support element, the surface retaining element (SRE) plays a more prominent role in deep conditions. A comprehensive investigation into the anti-impact mechanism of an SRE on bolted surrounding rock under a dynamic load is greatly needed. In this study, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests were conducted to investigate the strengthening effect of different SRE areas on the mechanical properties of bolted specimens under dynamic and static loading. Moreover, the reinforcement effect of the SRE on the surrounding rock under various dynamic loadings was examined by FLAC3D. The results indicate that increasing the SRE area enhances the overall mechanical properties of the bolted specimens under combined dynamic and static loading conditions. By constructing an engineering-scale roadway numerical model, the impact of the SRE area on the amount of roof subsidence increases with increasing dynamic loading. The research findings enrich the study of the bearing capacity of SREs on bolted surrounding rock and provide a theoretical basis for controlling the surrounding rock in deep dynamic load roadways.

深部煤矿巷道支护系统失效是制约深部煤炭资源开发的关键问题。作为一种关键的支撑元件，表面支护元件（SRE）在深部条件下的作用更为突出。迫切需要对动荷载作用下锚固围岩的SRE抗冲击机理进行全面的研究。本研究通过分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验，研究了动、静载荷作用下不同SRE区域对螺栓试件力学性能的强化效果。利用FLAC3D分析了不同动荷载下SRE对围岩的加固效果。结果表明：在动静复合加载条件下，增大SRE面积可提高锚固试件的整体力学性能；通过构建工程尺度巷道数值模型，发现随着动荷载的增大，SRE面积对顶板沉陷量的影响增大。研究成果丰富了锚固巷道中SREs的承载力研究，为深部动载巷道围岩控制提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Cemented soil-soil interface shear strength evaluation I: Size effect and characteristic experimental size quantization 水泥土-土界面抗剪强度评价ⅰ：尺寸效应与特征试验尺寸量化

IF 7

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100213

Jie Zhou , Chengjun Liu , Chao Ban , Zhenming Shi , Junjie Ren , Huade Zhou , Zhong Liu , Yiqun Tang

The shear strength of cemented soil-soil interface is affected by the size effect of experimental sample. With the advancing density of urban underground space and the wide application of grouting reinforcement for adjacent underground structures, the inaccurate interface strength results due to size effects are receiving increasing attention. This study conducted different scaled interface shear tests and numerical simulation to evaluate the influence of size effect on the cemented soil-soil shear strength. In large scale interface shear experiments, the shear stress increased with the accumulation of shear displacement in two stages and finally stabilized at interface shear strength. But in small scale direct shear tests, interface shear stress dropped after reaching a much higher interface shear strength. With the increasing of sample size, the interface shear strength gradually reduced to a stable value. This relation was analyzed and the characteristic sample size for interface unaffected by size effect was determined, which, for cuboid sample, is 300 mm. The relation of the cemented soil-soil interface shear strength from commonly used direct shear sample and sample with characteristics size was concluded by a series of comparative experiments. By analyzing the failure properties of cemented soil-soil agglutinate layer and the displacement pattern of material grains, the internal mechanism of size effect on cemented soil-soil interface were proposed. The conclusions can advance the accurate acquisition of cemented soil-soil interface, provide references to the unification of research achievements with different sample size, and give recommendations to the standard interface shear experimental method in the future.

水泥土-土界面抗剪强度受试样尺寸效应的影响。随着城市地下空间密度的增大和邻近地下结构注浆加固的广泛应用，由于尺寸效应导致的界面强度结果不准确的问题日益受到重视。通过不同比例尺界面剪切试验和数值模拟，评价尺寸效应对水泥土-土抗剪强度的影响。在大型界面剪切试验中，剪切应力随剪切位移的累积分两个阶段增大，最终在界面剪切强度处趋于稳定。但在小尺度直剪试验中，界面剪切应力在达到较高的界面抗剪强度后下降。随着试样尺寸的增大，界面抗剪强度逐渐减小到稳定值。对这一关系进行了分析，确定了不受尺寸效应影响的界面特征试样尺寸，对于长方体试样，其尺寸为300 mm。通过一系列对比试验，得出了常用直剪试样与特征尺寸试样的水泥土-土界面抗剪强度关系。通过分析水泥土-土胶结层的破坏特性和材料颗粒的位移模式，提出了水泥土-土界面尺寸效应的内在机制。研究结论可推进水泥土-土界面的准确采集，为统一不同样本量的研究成果提供参考，并为今后标准界面剪切实验方法提供建议。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of faults on adjacent rock mechanical behavior and acoustic emission characteristics: A case study of the xianshuihe fault zone 断层对相邻岩体力学行为及声发射特征的影响——以咸水河断裂带为例

IF 7

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100210

Jinxuan Li , Songfeng Guo , Guoxiang Yang , Shengwen Qi

Tensile strength is a crucial parameter for assessing rock stability and fracture characteristics, which play a significant role in the prediction and engineering design of geohazards. However, fault slip activity can weaken the strength of the surrounding rock mass, thereby influencing its mechanical behavior and failure mode. This study investigates the spatial variation of the tensile strength (σ_t), compressive strength (σ_c), P-wave velocity (V_p), and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics at varying distances from the Xianshuihe Fault zone (XSHF), focusing on three representative profiles. The results show that the σ_t, σ_c, and V_p significantly decrease near the fault (0–5 km). Specifically, the relative change rates of σ_t, σ_c, and V_p at approximately 5 km from the fault are 1.55–1.8 times, 1.22–1.86 times, and 1.02–1.25 times greater, respectively, compared to the near-fault zone. As the distance from the fault increases (10–20 km), the rock integrity improves, and the mechanical properties recover. AE monitoring reveals increased microcracks near the fault, with higher b-value and dominant tensile failure modes. Further from the fault, the rock exhibits increased brittleness, and tensile cracking becomes more prevalent. Overall, the mechanical parameters and AE characteristics demonstrate predictable spatial variation with distance, providing valuable insights for identifying stress concentration zones and potential geohazards.

抗拉强度是评价岩石稳定性和断裂特征的重要参数，在地质灾害预测和工程设计中具有重要作用。然而，断层滑动活动会削弱围岩的强度，从而影响其力学行为和破坏模式。本文研究了鲜水河断裂带（XSHF）不同距离上的抗拉强度（σt）、抗压强度（σc）、纵波速度（Vp）和声发射（AE）特征的空间变化规律。结果表明：在断层附近（0 ~ 5 km）， σt、σc和Vp显著减小；其中，距断裂带约5 km处的σt、σc和Vp的相对变化率分别是近断裂带的1.55 ~ 1.8倍、1.22 ~ 1.86倍和1.02 ~ 1.25倍。随着离断层距离的增加（10-20 km），岩石的完整性提高，力学性能恢复。声发射监测显示断层附近微裂纹增多，b值较高，以拉伸破坏模式为主。离断层越远，岩石的脆性越高，拉伸开裂越普遍。总体而言，力学参数和声发射特征随距离呈现可预测的空间变化，为识别应力集中区和潜在地质灾害提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Coupling effect of temperature and confining pressure on fracture toughness of transversely isotropic shale: Insights from a thermal-mechanical DEM model 温度和围压对横向各向同性页岩断裂韧性的耦合效应：来自热-力学DEM模型的启示

IF 7

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100211

Hongjun Lu , Yin Qi , Wenbin Chen , Chuan Li , Xuefeng Li

The coupling effect of temperature and confining pressure on fracture toughness is a critical issue in deep shale gas development that cannot be overlooked. Field and laboratory studies have shown that this coupling effect significantly alters shale fracture toughness, but the underlying mechanisms of it remain poorly understood. To investigate the mechanisms of the temperature-pressure coupling effect on the fracture toughness of transversely isotropic shale, this study develops a thermal-mechanical DEM (discrete element method) model that integrates a customized thermal algorithm and a shining-lamp algorithm. The model validity is verified by using experimental results from high-temperature SCB (semi-circular bend) tests. Additionally, a series of SCB tests under different temperatures and confining pressures are simulated based on this model. The loading curves, fracture toughness evolution, crack morphology, and microcrack statistics results obtained from simulations are analyzed to provide insights into the mechanisms of the temperature-pressure coupling effect. The simulation results indicate that the stimulation of thermal-induced microcracks on crack propagation may be the primary microscopic mechanism behind the thermal-induced weakening of shale fracture toughness. Meanwhile, confining pressure has an inhibitory influence on the thermal effect of shale fracture toughness. The activation of shear microcracks under the application of confining pressure is identified as the leading microscopic mechanism of confining pressure inhibition. The findings in this study enhance the understanding of the fracture property evolution of deep shale reservoirs and provide guidance for site selection, engineering design, and reservoir stability assessment in deep shale gas development.

温度和围压对断裂韧性的耦合效应是深层页岩气开发中不可忽视的关键问题。现场和实验室研究表明，这种耦合效应显著改变了页岩的断裂韧性，但其潜在机制尚不清楚。为了研究温度-压力耦合对横向各向同性页岩断裂韧性的影响机制，本研究开发了一种集成了定制热算法和发光灯算法的热-力学DEM（离散元法）模型。通过高温半圆弧弯曲试验验证了模型的有效性。并在此基础上进行了不同温度和围压条件下的SCB试验。分析了模拟得到的加载曲线、断裂韧性演化、裂纹形态和微裂纹统计结果，为温度-压力耦合效应的机理提供了新的思路。模拟结果表明，热致微裂纹对裂纹扩展的刺激可能是页岩热致断裂韧性减弱的主要微观机制。同时，围压对页岩断裂韧性的热效应有抑制作用。围压作用下剪切微裂纹的激活是围压抑制的主要微观机制。研究结果增强了对深层页岩储层裂缝性演化的认识，为深层页岩气开发的选址、工程设计和储层稳定性评价提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Variable elastic anisotropy controls stress in shallow crown pillars 变弹性各向异性控制浅顶柱应力

IF 7

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100212

Jorge Cortez , John Browning , Carlos Marquardt , Matías Clunes , Nicolás Carmona , Philip Benson , Nick Koor

As easily accessible natural resources become depleted, it is necessary to extract material from deeper levels and so mines may opt to develop a process of transition from open-pit to underground mining methods. In some cases, however, the process develops in the opposite direction where shallower resources from historic underground districts are mined by surface extraction methods. In both cases, it is necessary to maintain a crown pillar to ensure the stability of the pit and underground infrastructure. The dimensions of these crown pillars are typically designed using a combination of empirical methods and numerical modelling. In both methodologies, rocks are often treated as elastic and isotropic materials, even when they exhibit a clear direction of anisotropy caused by bedding planes, foliation, or closely spaced joints. To explore the role of this anisotropy in the stress state surrounding and within crown pillars, a series of two-dimensional finite element models were built using the code FEniCS. The results of this study show that tectonic loading leads to significantly higher compressive stresses, 2 to 4 times greater than gravitational loads alone. Tensile stress also increases notably, with values reaching almost −11 MPa compared to −1 MPa under gravitational loads. Therefore, the degrees of anisotropy and its orientation is likely to play a significant role in stress distribution. Our findings highlight the importance of constraining the in-situ stress, the geology of the host rock and the degree of anisotropy at laboratory scale for adequately addressing the risk of crown pillar failure and mining subsidence.

由于容易获得的自然资源逐渐枯竭，有必要从较深的地层中提取材料，因此矿山可能选择发展一个从露天采矿方法过渡到地下采矿方法的过程。然而，在某些情况下，这一过程向相反的方向发展，即从历史悠久的地下地区开采较浅的资源，采用地面开采方法。在这两种情况下，都有必要保持顶柱，以确保基坑和地下基础设施的稳定。这些冠柱的尺寸通常采用经验方法和数值模拟相结合的方式设计。在这两种方法中，岩石通常被视为弹性和各向同性的材料，即使它们表现出由层理面、片理或紧密间隔的节理引起的明确的各向异性方向。为了探索这种各向异性在顶柱周围和内部应力状态中的作用，使用FEniCS代码建立了一系列二维有限元模型。研究结果表明，构造荷载导致的压应力显著增大，是单独重力荷载的2 ~ 4倍。拉应力也显著增加，与重力载荷下的- 1 MPa相比，其值几乎达到- 11 MPa。因此，各向异性的程度及其取向可能在应力分布中起重要作用。我们的研究结果强调了在实验室尺度上限制地应力、寄主岩石地质和各向异性程度对于充分解决顶柱破坏和开采沉陷风险的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

A green coal mining method for protecting roadways and overlying strata 一种保护巷道及上覆岩层的绿色采煤方法

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100192

Shilin Hou , Manchao He , Jun Yang , Jun Zhang , Yajun Wang , Xuhui Kang , Zijie Han , Fukang Du

The non-pillar mining method with automatically formed roadway (NPM-AFR) is an innovative mining method. This paper provides a detailed description of how this method achieves the cancellation of pillar retention and the advance excavation of roadways through optimized mining processes. Based on mining mechanics modeling, the paper explains how the NPM-AFR compensates for mining-induced damage by utilizing the bulking of the goaf gangue and uses directional roof cutting technology interrupt the stress transmission path from the goaf to the roadway, thereby enhancing the protection of both the overlying strata and the roadway. Geological and mechanical model tests were conducted based on the Ningtiaota coal mine to compare the NPM-AFR and traditional mining method. The results show that under the NPM-AFR, the development height of overlying strata damage is reduced by 36.14 % compared to traditional mining method, and overlying strata stress is reduced by 25 %. The overlying strata is effectively protected in the NPAFR mining area. In both mining methods, the roadways remain in a low-stress zone, but the peak stress on the coal pillar side in the NPM-AFR is reduced by 40.6 % compared to the traditional method, significantly reducing the safety risks of the roadway. Field verification tests further demonstrate that the NPM-AFR, along with its supporting processes, successfully achieves the goals of pillar-free mining, surface protection, and safe roadway preservation. This technology represents a sustainable, green mining approach that protects both the overburden and the roadway, providing new solutions for safe and efficient coal mining.

自动成巷无柱采矿法是一种创新的采矿方法。本文详细介绍了该方法如何通过优化采矿工艺，实现矿柱截留和巷道超前开挖。在采矿力学建模的基础上，阐述了NPM-AFR如何利用采空区矸石膨胀补偿采动损伤，并利用定向顶板切割技术阻断采空区到巷道的应力传递路径，从而加强对上覆岩层和巷道的保护。以宁条塔煤矿为例，进行了地质力学模型试验，对比了NPM-AFR与传统采矿方法的优缺点。结果表明：与传统采矿方法相比，NPM-AFR下覆岩破坏发育高度降低36.14%，覆岩应力降低25%；NPAFR矿区上覆岩层得到了有效的保护。两种开采方法巷道均处于低应力区，但NPM-AFR巷道煤柱侧峰值应力较传统方法降低了40.6%，显著降低了巷道的安全风险。现场验证试验进一步表明，NPM-AFR及其支护工艺成功实现了无矿柱开采、地表保护和巷道安全保护的目标。该技术代表了一种可持续的绿色开采方法，既保护了覆盖层，又保护了巷道，为安全高效的煤矿开采提供了新的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of geometrical parameters on wedge failure of rock slopes using physical and numerical modelling 采用物理和数值模拟方法研究几何参数对岩质边坡楔形破坏的影响

Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rockmb.2025.100193

Mohammadmatin Mahdizadeh , Erfan Amini , Mohammad Hossein Khosravi

This study investigated the role of the geometrical parameters of a wedge block on its stability using physical and numerical modeling. For the purpose of physical modeling, a new experimental setup was developed, and the stability of rock slopes was modeled. Sensitivity analysis was performed on four geometrical parameters: tilt angle of the wedge (β), included angle of the wedge (ξ), the apparent dip of the slope in the sliding direction (Ψ_fi), and the difference in dip direction of the slope face and discontinuities intersection line (Δα). A total number of 89 rock slope models were tested, and the wedge factor (K) was calculated for each model. Subsequently, 3D numerical models, corresponding to each physical model were conducted. Rock slope face inclination was applied by defining gravity vectors in different directions, which led to the development of models with a much simpler geometry. Ultimately, numerical modeling results almost align with the outcomes of physical modeling. Good agreement was observed between physical and numerical models and the existing analysis. According to the results, the behavior of the wedge-shaped block and its safety factor depends on the geometric conditions of the wedge and its slope, regardless of the rock material properties, as models were tested with two different materials. Additionally, sensitivity analysis demonstrates that by increasing Δα, the slope safety factor was increased, as expected. Finally, practical graphs were developed by which the safety factor against the wedge failure can be estimated using the geometrical parameters of the wedge and the rock slope.

本文采用物理和数值模拟的方法研究了楔形块体几何参数对其稳定性的影响。为了进行物理模拟，建立了一种新的实验装置，并对岩质边坡的稳定性进行了模拟。对楔形倾斜角度（β）、楔形夹角（ξ）、边坡在滑动方向上的表观倾斜度（Ψfi）和边坡面与不连续面相交线的倾斜度差（Δα）四个几何参数进行敏感性分析。共试验了89个岩质边坡模型，计算了每个模型的楔形系数K。随后，分别对各物理模型进行三维数值建模。通过定义不同方向的重力矢量来应用岩石边坡面的倾斜度，从而使模型具有更简单的几何结构。最终，数值模拟结果与物理模拟结果基本一致。物理模型和数值模型与已有的分析结果吻合良好。根据结果，楔形块体的行为及其安全系数取决于楔形块体及其边坡的几何条件，而不考虑岩石材料的性质，因为模型采用了两种不同的材料进行测试。敏感性分析表明，增大Δα，边坡安全系数增大，符合预期。最后，根据楔体和岩质边坡的几何参数，建立了楔体破坏安全系数的实用图。

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引用次数: 0