Solar Compass最新文献

英文中文

Experimental analysis on a solar photovoltaic indoor cooker integrated with an energy storage system: A positive step towards clean cooking transition for Sub-Saharan Africa

Solar Compass

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100109

Jimmy Chaciga , Denis Okello , Karidewa Nyeinga , Ole J. Nydal

The paper presents a solar photovoltaic cooking solution (dual tank system) integrated with energy storage system for indoor cooking. The system consists of a heat storage tank, a heating funnel and a cooking unit. The heat storage contains heat transfer oil and rock pebbles. The heating funnel was made in the form of a Y-shape where a small volume of oil is heated very fast to higher temperatures. The system is based on self-circulation; no pump is required. A 1.8 kW solar PV system generated electricity to supply a heater rated 1.2 kW, 72 V mounted inside the heating funnel. The heated oil in the funnel expanded and overflows into the heat storage. It was observed that the oil in the heating funnel reached temperatures of above 150 °C in less than 30 min: the TES system can store up 9.0 kWh. Several cooking tests were demonstrated during charging and discharge processes. 10 L of water was boiled in 25 min consuming 0.986 kWh; 3 kg of rice was boiled in 1 h consuming 0.556 kWh and 1.26 kWh of energy was used for boiling and simmering of 3 kg of beans within 2–3 h. At the top of the cooker a high-temperature heat front was observed. During the discharge cycle, there is no mixing of cold and hot oil. A thermal charging efficiency of 57.4 % was obtained. Cooking efficiencies of 75.0 % and 59.4 % were obtained during charging and discharge cycles respectively. The system highly scalable for indoor household and institutional solar cooking.

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of bifacial and monofacial FPV system in the UK

Solar Compass

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.solcom.2025.100106

Mohammed Al Araimi, Mohamed Al Mandhari, Aritra Ghosh

Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems offer an effective solution to land-use constraints and efficiency challenges in traditional ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems. This study investigates the performance of bifacial and monofacial TOPCon PV panels with power ratings of 460 W and 420 W, respectively, in an FPV setup under temperate UK conditions. Addressing a gap in experimental data for such climates, the experiment was conducted at the University of Exeter's Penryn campus. Results show that bifacial panels achieved an average efficiency of 19.64 %, outperforming monofacial panels by 6.59 %. At high irradiance of 1043 W/m², bifacial panels generated a maximum power output of 401.7 W, compared to 391 W for monofacial panels. Even under low irradiance conditions (228 W/m²), bifacial panels maintained an advantage, producing 127.4 W versus 85.43 W for monofacial panels. Thermal analysis demonstrated that bifacial panels exhibited superior cooling, with a top-bottom temperature differential of 1.71 °C, compared to 3.51 °C for monofacial panels. The bifacial gain peaked at 19 % under low irradiance, reducing to 5 % at higher irradiance levels. These results highlight the potential of bifacial FPV systems to enhance energy generation and improve thermal stability in regions with diffuse solar radiation. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing FPV system designs and suggest that bifacial panels are a promising technology for maximizing solar energy production in temperate climates.

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引用次数: 0

Improving optical efficiency of linear Fresnel collectors in the Sahel via position and length adjustment

Solar Compass

Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100105

Souwera Stan Lionnel Somda, Kokouvi Edem N’Tsoukpoe

Linear Fresnel concentrators are promising technologies for solar thermal applications, but their performance is often hindered by end losses and inefficiencies related to receiver design and placement. This study aimed to enhance LFC optical performance under the specific solar conditions of the Sahel region by exploring dynamic receiver displacement and tailored receiver length extension. The methodology involved calculating the maximum non-illuminated receiver length analytically for each solar condition and simulating various displacement frequencies (weekly, biweekly, and monthly) using the Tonatiuh ray-tracing tool. The combined strategies of dynamic receiver adjustment and analytically optimised receiver length were evaluated in terms of annual optical efficiency and flux stability. Key findings reveal that the dynamic displacement strategy improved average annual optical efficiency by 13 percentage points, corresponding to a 38 % relative increase compared to fixed receiver positions. Weekly adjustments provided the highest efficiency, while monthly adjustments offered a practical alternative, achieving similar performance with four times fewer interventions. Extending the receiver to match the calculated maximum non-illuminated length yielded an additional 3 % improvement in annual efficiency and a 75 % reduction in flux variability. These results highlight the advantages of adapting receiver design and positioning strategies to regional solar profiles, particularly in intertropical regions like the Sahel. The proposed methods enhance both the optical performance and economic feasibility of LFCs, offering practical insights for optimising solar thermal technologies in diverse climates. Future work could explore automated adjustment mechanisms to further reduce operational demands and improve scalability.

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引用次数: 0

Integral ecology approach to life cycle assessment of solar arrays

Solar Compass

Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100104

Charles E. Sprouse III

In this article, a novel approach to life cycle assessment (LCA) is introduced, termed “integral ecology life cycle assessment”. At the most fundamental level, integral ecology LCA is a life cycle study that simultaneously considers all the dimensions of how humanity exists within the natural environment, using the broadest possible lens to determine the ecological impacts of a technological design/product. Currently, most industry practitioners use ISO 14040, an LCA standard that was introduced in 1997 and republished in revised form in 2006. The present integral ecology LCA concept is brought forward as a contribution to the decades long tradition of openly discussing the ways in which LCA practices can evolve and improve. In addition to offering differences in vision and scope, integral ecology LCA also provides new insights by intentionally examining simple foundational questions, handling data unavailability and uncertainty pragmatically rather than scientifically, and honoring value-choices. Recognizing that practical limitations make it impossible to provide a full methodological basis for evaluating every aspect of an integral ecology LCA, the article focuses on introducing the integral ecology LCA concept and selectively utilizes illustrative examples for a ∼1 MW scale photovoltaic solar array. For instance, since a MW scale array occupies several acres, the basic concept of separation vs. integration is shown to be important. Plants, animals, and humans are often separated from solar arrays rather than integrated, which unnecessarily compounds concerns over land use, so different models are favored by integral ecology LCA. Additionally, material sourcing for sizable projects can present an important value-choice, and an integral ecology examination of thin film solar modules yields a meaningfully different ecological profile than typical crystalline silicon (c-Si) modules, while also highlighting the use of the precautionary principle.

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引用次数: 0

Study on the comparative performances of the solar stills with two different condensing glass cover shapes

Solar Compass

Pub Date : 2024-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100103

P․Manoj Kumar

In the current scenario, the desalination of brackish water using an inactive solar still has been considered as a feasible, cost-effective solution to face the challenge of scarcity in freshwater. However, the insufficient productivity of such solar stills is hindering the practical, large-scale application of such stills. In this study, a solution for improving the productivity of a conventional solar still (CPSS) is analysed by modifying the design of the condensing glass. Two stills, one conventional (CPSS) and the other with arc-shaped condensing glass (AFSS), were investigated, and the results were compared. Further, the effect of water height on the performance of the solar stills is assessed. The results demonstrated that the modification of condensing cover augmented the productivity of the still by 11.9 % and 12.2 %, respectively, at 20 mm and 25 mm water heights. The daily efficacy of the CPSS and AFSS were recorded as 40 % and 44.5 % with 20 mm water heights. In addition, the stills with 20 mm water heights showcased better performance compared to the same stills with 25 mm water heights.

引用次数: 0

A holistic review of the effects of dust buildup on solar photovoltaic panel efficiency

Solar Compass

Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100101

Sufyan Yakubu , Ravi Samikannu , Sidique Gawusu , Samuel Dodobatia Wetajega , Victor Okai , Abdul-Kadir Seini Shaibu , Getachew Adam Workneh

Understanding the drivers of photovoltaic system performance is very important in the backdrop of the increasingly significant role that solar energy plays in mitigating carbon emissions. Dust accumulation on surface of photovoltaic panel may result in a high degradation of PVs' efficiency with losses ranging from 10% in mild conditions to over 40% in arid regions. This review systematically explores the effects of dust deposition on PV performance, emphasizing the role of environmental factors such as wind speed, precipitation, humidity, and dust composition. Dust particles impede light transmission, raise cell temperatures, and increase resistive losses, leading to reduced output power. Notable efficiency reductions are linked to specific dust types, such as coal dust (up to 64% losses), fine sand (32%), and gypsum (30%), as highlighted by global case studies. This review further underlines how dust accumulation patterns are influenced by complex interactions of environmental factors such as wind precipitation and humidity. The installation characteristics, such as the height of the panels and their orientation, further exacerbate or mitigate the impact of soiling. This study has been designed to put a great deal of significance on the maximisation of solar PV efficiency, given the critical requirements for global renewable energy targets. It flags some promising cleaning methods and emphasises a holistic approach to the optimisation of PV system design and maintenance practices to empower the widespread adoption of this transformative clean energy solution.

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引用次数: 0

Optimal placement and upgrade of solar PV integration in a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system

Solar Compass

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100099

Edward Dodzi Amekah , Emmanuel Wendsongre Ramde , David Ato Quansah , Elvis Twumasi , Stefanie Meilinger , Thorsten Schneiders

The shift towards renewable energy sources has heightened the interest in solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems, particularly in grid-connected configurations, to enhance energy security and reduce carbon emissions. Grid-tied SPVs face power quality challenges when specific grid codes are compromised. This study investigates and upgrades an integrated 90 kWp solar plant within a distribution network, leveraging data from Ghana's Energy Self-Sufficiency for Health Facilities (EnerSHelF) project. The research explores four scenarios for SPV placement optimization using dynamic programming and the Conditional New Adaptive Foraging Tree Squirrel Search Algorithm (CNAFTSSA). A Python-based simulation identifies three scenarios, high load nodes, voltage drop nodes, and system loss nodes, as the points for placing PV for better performance. The analysis revealed 85 %, 82.88 %, and 100 % optimal SPV penetration levels for placing the SPV at high load, voltage drop, and loss nodes. System active power losses were reduced by 72.97 %, 71.52 %, and 70.15 %, and reactive power losses by 73.12 %, 71.86 %, and 68.11 %, respectively, by placing the SPV at the above three categories of nodes. The fourth scenario applies to CNAFTSSA, achieving 100 % SPV penetration and reducing active and reactive power losses by 72.33 % and 72.55 %, respectively. This approach optimizes the voltage regulation (VR) from 24.92 % to 4.16 %, outperforming the VR of PV placement at high load nodes, voltage drop nodes, and loss nodes, where the voltage regulations are 5.25 %, 9.36 %, and 9.64 %, respectively. The novel CNAFTSSA for optimal SPV placement demonstrates its effectiveness in achieving higher penetration levels and improving system losses and VR. The findings highlight the effectiveness of strategic SPV placement and offer a comprehensive methodology that can be adapted for similar power distribution systems.

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on conversion of blanched grapes to raisins without chemicals through solar dryer to reduce drying time

Solar Compass

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100098

Nitin Sharma, Namrata Sengar

Solar dryers are solar thermal devices which increase the drying temperature and aid in moisture removal from the load, leading to faster drying of the agri-product as compared to the open sun drying. Conversion of grapes to raisins can be effectively achieved through solar dryers, and efforts are ongoing to improve the efficiency and further reduce the drying time. Usually in order to reduce the drying time for the conversion of grapes to raisins several pre-treatment methods with the use of chemicals are employed. In the present work pre-treatment in the form of blanching of grapes is adopted without the use of any chemicals to study the effect on the drying time in the solar dryer. The experimental results have been compared with the study of conversion of grapes to raisins with the same solar dryer without blanching. It is found that pre-treatment in the form of blanching resulted in a reduction in drying time to almost half. Experimental observations for the temperature profile studies relating to ambient temperature, air temperature inside the dryer, base plate temperature and solar radiation are presented in the form of graphs and calculations have been carried out for the estimation of drying rate and efficiency.

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of solar photovoltaics on university buildings: A case study toward campus sustainability

Solar Compass

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100100

Antônia Sônia Alves Cardoso Diniz , Gisele Mol da Silva , Raphaela E. Alves Nunes , Vinícius Augusto Camatta Santana , Daniel Sena Braga , Cristiana Brasil Maia

Renewable energy leads Brazil's energy mix at about 82 % of its total, with solar photovoltaics (PV) now the second largest contribution to the electric power sector. The country's target to eliminate carbon emissions provides a significant role for higher-education institutions that shape and influence future societies through energy and education leadership. This paper focuses on the improvement of the sustainability level of the PUC Minas university campus in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, through the assessment and design of a PV system into the existing engineering building structures. The student-led case study provides an implementation roadmap that includes a coordinated methodology of evaluating the campus power and energy consumption, documenting the seasonal solar irradiance, evaluating the solar-available rooftop areas, simulating the daily and seasonal shadowing effects from existing surrounding structures, determining the panel placements following Brazil's codes and standards, and calculating the contributions of the PV to displacing grid-supplied electricity and potential lowering of the University's energy bills. The result is a realistic PV system design that meets the emission and electricity-cost reduction objectives, with a value-added aspect is that the lead team interfaced with ongoing Energy-Engineering course participants for real-time exposure to the research and photovoltaics technology. Additionally, the value analysis of the project is aimed at improving the University's Times Higher Education Ranking by addressing the United Nations Sustainability Development Goals (SDG) that correlate with the clean energy solar installation.

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引用次数: 0

The macro view of solar policy: The case for supporting utility-scale power 太阳能政策的宏观视角：支持公用事业规模发电的理由

Solar Compass

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.solcom.2024.100096

Andy Hira , Prasanna Krishnan

New solar energy generation is drastically needed as a source of clean electricity as the U.S. and the globe make the transition away from fossil fuels. Yet, even as solar costs have dramatically declined, solar sources still provide less than 5% of global electricity. We examine issues in solar policy leading to this low adoption rate. Examining the variables of cost, baseload power and intermittency, and land use, we evaluate the tradeoffs among policy support for utility-scale, commercial and residential solar systems. We argue that utility-scale solar power makes far more sense if there is adequate grid integration, so that such installations can be placed in locations that minimize land use tradeoffs. By focusing policy support on a few large solar installations, governments can vastly increase the solar contribution to electricity generation.

随着美国和全球逐步摆脱化石燃料，急需新的太阳能发电作为清洁电力来源。然而，即使太阳能成本大幅下降，太阳能发电仍不到全球电力的 5%。我们研究了导致这种低采用率的太阳能政策问题。通过考察成本、基荷功率和间歇性以及土地使用等变量，我们评估了公用事业规模、商业和住宅太阳能系统政策支持之间的权衡。我们认为，如果有足够的电网集成，公用事业规模的太阳能发电就更有意义，这样就可以将太阳能发电装置安装在对土地使用影响最小的地方。通过将政策支持重点放在少数大型太阳能装置上，政府可以大大提高太阳能对发电量的贡献。

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