Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.supmat.2026.100135
Zhaoxiang Li , Minghao Zhao , Yueyue Chen
Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires continuous glucose monitoring for effective management, but current monitoring methods exist invasive and non-continuous problems. In this study, we firstly developed a non-invasive skin patch for glucose continuous monitoring using MXene-based (Ti3C2Tx) conductive supramolecular hydrogels. The hydrogel, composed of MXene, polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glucose oxidase (GOx), exhibited highly conductive, soft, and good enzyme activity, with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Prussian blue particles deposited on the electrode, which served as a supramolecular electrochemical sensing platform (GM3PAS). Combined with reverse iontophoresis (RI), GM3PAS worn by New Zealand rabbit models and human volunteers extracted glucose from interstitial fluid on the surface of skin for non-invasive monitoring, whose results consistent with fingertip glucose meters. The biosensor demonstrated excellent conductivity, stability, and a wide detection range from 0 to 5.3 mM glucose with a limit of detection of 9 μmol. It proved that GM3PAS patch can use on human skin for three weeks, whose monitoring cycle longer than commercial products. This study provides a new continuous non-invasive blood glucose monitoring wearable device for diabetes, which will be expected to be applied to clinical transformation in the future.
{"title":"Supramolecular wearable patch for continuous non-invasive blood glucose monitoring","authors":"Zhaoxiang Li , Minghao Zhao , Yueyue Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.supmat.2026.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supmat.2026.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires continuous glucose monitoring for effective management, but current monitoring methods exist invasive and non-continuous problems. In this study, we firstly developed a non-invasive skin patch for glucose continuous monitoring using MXene-based (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>) conductive supramolecular hydrogels. The hydrogel, composed of MXene, polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glucose oxidase (GOx), exhibited highly conductive, soft, and good enzyme activity, with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Prussian blue particles deposited on the electrode, which served as a supramolecular electrochemical sensing platform (GM3PAS). Combined with reverse iontophoresis (RI), GM3PAS worn by New Zealand rabbit models and human volunteers extracted glucose from interstitial fluid on the surface of skin for non-invasive monitoring, whose results consistent with fingertip glucose meters. The biosensor demonstrated excellent conductivity, stability, and a wide detection range from 0 to 5.3 mM glucose with a limit of detection of 9 μmol. It proved that GM3PAS patch can use on human skin for three weeks, whose monitoring cycle longer than commercial products. This study provides a new continuous non-invasive blood glucose monitoring wearable device for diabetes, which will be expected to be applied to clinical transformation in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101187,"journal":{"name":"Supramolecular Materials","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100133
Yuechan Xie , Yixuan Wang , Longze Jiao , Zhihao Chen , Lunan Zhao , Jiahao Wang , Wenlong Xu
Owing to their unique molecular structure, zwitterionic hydrogels have emerged as a research hotspot in numerous fields in recent years. Cations and anions are uniformly distributed along the polymer chain. Consequently, zwitterionic hydrogels exhibit a large dipole moment and a high density of charged groups while effectively maintaining the overall electrical neutrality of the material. This charge balance not only endows the hydrogels with outstanding properties but also provides a valuable exploration space for breakthroughs in innovative application fields. This paper introduces the molecular structure and cross-linking mechanism of zwitterionic hydrogels, and analyzes the underlying reasons for their excellent hydration, favorable electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, environmental responsiveness and antifreeze performance. Additionally, it summarizes the significant applications of zwitterionic hydrogels in diverse fields such as sustainable water treatment, electrochemical devices, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, the current challenges faced by these materials, including large-scale production costs and high-salt swelling issues, are pointed out, so as to provide directions for future research.
{"title":"Multifunctional zwitterionic hydrogels: A review of cross-disciplinary applications","authors":"Yuechan Xie , Yixuan Wang , Longze Jiao , Zhihao Chen , Lunan Zhao , Jiahao Wang , Wenlong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to their unique molecular structure, zwitterionic hydrogels have emerged as a research hotspot in numerous fields in recent years. Cations and anions are uniformly distributed along the polymer chain. Consequently, zwitterionic hydrogels exhibit a large dipole moment and a high density of charged groups while effectively maintaining the overall electrical neutrality of the material. This charge balance not only endows the hydrogels with outstanding properties but also provides a valuable exploration space for breakthroughs in innovative application fields. This paper introduces the molecular structure and cross-linking mechanism of zwitterionic hydrogels, and analyzes the underlying reasons for their excellent hydration, favorable electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, environmental responsiveness and antifreeze performance. Additionally, it summarizes the significant applications of zwitterionic hydrogels in diverse fields such as sustainable water treatment, electrochemical devices, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, the current challenges faced by these materials, including large-scale production costs and high-salt swelling issues, are pointed out, so as to provide directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101187,"journal":{"name":"Supramolecular Materials","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100124
Hua Zhang, Hong Kui Zhang, Yu Feng
Organic room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) gels have garnered considerable interest as a versatile class of soft materials, integrating the stimuli-responsive and dynamic nature of gels with long-lived phosphorescent emission. Their unique hierarchical and three-dimensional architectures provide tunable mechanical properties, reversible phase transitions, and excellent processability, rendering them highly suitable for both fundamental studies and practical implementations. Despite substantial progress in this field, a comprehensive review consolidating recent breakthroughs remains scarce. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in metal-free RTP gel materials. We elaborate on their sophisticated design strategies, luminescence properties and underlying mechanisms, as well as their potential applications in anti-counterfeiting and information encryption, 3D printing, process monitoring, bioimaging and ion detection. Furthermore, we offer perspectives highlighting current challenges and future opportunities for metal-free RTP gels across various disciplines. It is anticipated that this review will provide insightful guidelines and inspire further innovative research on organic RTP gel systems, thereby advancing the development of intelligent luminescent materials and their multifunctional applications.
{"title":"Recent advances in organic room temperature phosphorescent gels","authors":"Hua Zhang, Hong Kui Zhang, Yu Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) gels have garnered considerable interest as a versatile class of soft materials, integrating the stimuli-responsive and dynamic nature of gels with long-lived phosphorescent emission. Their unique hierarchical and three-dimensional architectures provide tunable mechanical properties, reversible phase transitions, and excellent processability, rendering them highly suitable for both fundamental studies and practical implementations. Despite substantial progress in this field, a comprehensive review consolidating recent breakthroughs remains scarce. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in metal-free RTP gel materials. We elaborate on their sophisticated design strategies, luminescence properties and underlying mechanisms, as well as their potential applications in anti-counterfeiting and information encryption, 3D printing, process monitoring, bioimaging and ion detection. Furthermore, we offer perspectives highlighting current challenges and future opportunities for metal-free RTP gels across various disciplines. It is anticipated that this review will provide insightful guidelines and inspire further innovative research on organic RTP gel systems, thereby advancing the development of intelligent luminescent materials and their multifunctional applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101187,"journal":{"name":"Supramolecular Materials","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100122
Yicheng Yuan , Meifang Yang , Xinyi Lin , Wen-Guang Li , Zhenquan Yang , Genling Liu , Qin Xu , Yu-Xin Chen , Huan Pang , Tian Tian
Luminescent materials often face trade-offs between efficiency, stability, and dynamic responsiveness, which limit their performance in advanced optoelectronic devices and bioimaging. Supramolecular chemistry offers a strategic solution by precisely modulating non-covalent interactions, enabling assemblies to suppress vibrational relaxation via conformational locking, enhance intersystem crossing through triplet-level tuning, and optimize energy transfer, thereby improving quantum yields and emission lifetimes. This review highlights synergistic supramolecular mechanisms that bridge molecular design and photophysical regulation across perylene bisimide materials, aggregation-induced emission luminogens, perovskite materials, room-temperature phosphorescence materials, and organic nonlinear optical materials, alongside their applications in luminescent displays, bioimaging, and information encryption. Despite notable advances, biocompatibility and signal stability remain challenging. AI and biohybrid approaches offer pathways toward programmable emission control.
{"title":"Supramolecular engineering of luminescent materials: From molecular design to optoelectronic applications","authors":"Yicheng Yuan , Meifang Yang , Xinyi Lin , Wen-Guang Li , Zhenquan Yang , Genling Liu , Qin Xu , Yu-Xin Chen , Huan Pang , Tian Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Luminescent materials often face trade-offs between efficiency, stability, and dynamic responsiveness, which limit their performance in advanced optoelectronic devices and bioimaging. Supramolecular chemistry offers a strategic solution by precisely modulating non-covalent interactions, enabling assemblies to suppress vibrational relaxation via conformational locking, enhance intersystem crossing through triplet-level tuning, and optimize energy transfer, thereby improving quantum yields and emission lifetimes. This review highlights synergistic supramolecular mechanisms that bridge molecular design and photophysical regulation across perylene bisimide materials, aggregation-induced emission luminogens, perovskite materials, room-temperature phosphorescence materials, and organic nonlinear optical materials, alongside their applications in luminescent displays, bioimaging, and information encryption. Despite notable advances, biocompatibility and signal stability remain challenging. AI and biohybrid approaches offer pathways toward programmable emission control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101187,"journal":{"name":"Supramolecular Materials","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The double-network (DN) structure is an important strategy for toughening elastomers. Developing efficient preparation methods for DN elastomers remains a key challenge in this field. Herein, we developed a one-pot, single-step strategy to fabricate covalent-supramolecular double-network elastomers by utilizing light to simultaneously form both covalent (CN) and supramolecular networks (SN). In specific, the CN was formed via thiol-ene click chemistry using styrene-butadiene rubber as the backbone, while the SN was constructed through photo-induced crosslinking of poly(ethylene glycol) based polymers mediated by quadruple hydrogen bonding. Mechanical tests revealed that the DN elastomer exhibited significantly enhanced properties compared with the control (pure CN). Specifically, the DN exhibited superior fracture stress (0.74 vs. 0.45 MPa), fracture strain (268 vs. 99 %), and toughness (1.47 vs. 0.29 MJ/m3). Cyclic tensile testing and stress-relaxation experiments demonstrated that the superior performance of the DN elastomer was attributed to the excellent energy dissipation capacity of its SN. Furthermore, supramolecular monomers can be introduced into pre-formed CN through swelling, establishing a novel methodology for toughening commercial CN elastomers via the double-network strategy.
{"title":"Light-triggered one-pot synthesis of covalent-supramolecular double network elastomer","authors":"Muhammad Arslan, Yi Ding, Wenbin Wang, Jingxi Deng, Yuanhao Wang, Chuan Yue, Jianzhen Wu, Shaolei Qu, Yuhang Liu, Ruixue Bai, Xuzhou Yan, Zhaoming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The double-network (DN) structure is an important strategy for toughening elastomers. Developing efficient preparation methods for DN elastomers remains a key challenge in this field. Herein, we developed a one-pot, single-step strategy to fabricate covalent-supramolecular double-network elastomers by utilizing light to simultaneously form both covalent (CN) and supramolecular networks (SN). In specific, the CN was formed via thiol-ene click chemistry using styrene-butadiene rubber as the backbone, while the SN was constructed through photo-induced crosslinking of poly(ethylene glycol) based polymers mediated by quadruple hydrogen bonding. Mechanical tests revealed that the DN elastomer exhibited significantly enhanced properties compared with the control (pure CN). Specifically, the DN exhibited superior fracture stress (0.74 <em>vs.</em> 0.45 MPa), fracture strain (268 <em>vs.</em> 99 %), and toughness (1.47 <em>vs.</em> 0.29 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>). Cyclic tensile testing and stress-relaxation experiments demonstrated that the superior performance of the DN elastomer was attributed to the excellent energy dissipation capacity of its SN. Furthermore, supramolecular monomers can be introduced into pre-formed CN through swelling, establishing a novel methodology for toughening commercial CN elastomers via the double-network strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101187,"journal":{"name":"Supramolecular Materials","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100120
Hongbin Li, Qingyuan Bian
Protein hydrogels represent a rapidly evolving class of biomaterials with significant potential in biomedicine, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. These hydrogels are uniquely engineered from natural or recombinant proteins, endowing them with biocompatibility, biodegradability, and precise molecular programmability. By integrating dynamic cross-linking mechanisms and responsive moieties, protein hydrogels can be engineered to respond to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, light, or ligands, and undergo reversible or irreversible changes in shape, volume, or mechanical properties. This review critically summarizes recent advances in the design and fabrication of stimuli-responsive protein hydrogels. Emphasis is placed on the molecular design strategies that are used to dynamically tune the mechanical properties and shape-morphing behaviors of protein hydrogels. Challenges and opportunities related to the rational engineering of next-generation stimuli-responsive protein hydrogels are also discussed.
{"title":"Stimuli-responsive protein hydrogels: From dynamic tuning of hydrogel mechanics to shape morphing","authors":"Hongbin Li, Qingyuan Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein hydrogels represent a rapidly evolving class of biomaterials with significant potential in biomedicine, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. These hydrogels are uniquely engineered from natural or recombinant proteins, endowing them with biocompatibility, biodegradability, and precise molecular programmability. By integrating dynamic cross-linking mechanisms and responsive moieties, protein hydrogels can be engineered to respond to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, light, or ligands, and undergo reversible or irreversible changes in shape, volume, or mechanical properties. This review critically summarizes recent advances in the design and fabrication of stimuli-responsive protein hydrogels. Emphasis is placed on the molecular design strategies that are used to dynamically tune the mechanical properties and shape-morphing behaviors of protein hydrogels. Challenges and opportunities related to the rational engineering of next-generation stimuli-responsive protein hydrogels are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101187,"journal":{"name":"Supramolecular Materials","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ionogels have emerged as promising materials for flexible sensors, combining tunable mechanical properties with high ionic conductivity. While integrating colloidal crystals within ionogels can enable dynamic optical modulation and enhanced functionality, existing systems face critical limitations: moisture-induced degradation in humid environments and structural color instability during deformation, both of which compromise sensing reliability. In this work, we develop an adhesive photonic ionogel (APIG) that maintains stable structural color during deformation and robust underwater adhesion. The APIG is fabricated by copolymerization of a hydrophobic polymerizable ionic liquid, acryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([AETA][TFSI]) with 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate (TFEA), following infiltration into surface-carboxylated polystyrene (PS-COOH) colloidal crystal templates. The resulting APIG exhibits excellent underwater adhesion, with an adhesion strength of 605.0 kPa on stainless steel, and maintains structural color stability during deformation, achieved through a decoupling strategy that minimizes interactions between the non-polar polymer matrix and functionalized colloidal particles. Furthermore, our APIG demonstrates reliable strain-responsive electrical signals, with consistent resistive output over 300 loading-unloading cycles. This unique combination of optical stability, durable adhesion, and robust electromechanical performance positions APIG as an advanced platform for underwater motion monitoring, spatial positioning, and even optical-electrical communication systems.
{"title":"Underwater adhesive photonic-ionogels with unchangeable structural color for motion sensing","authors":"Ying Yu, Quanqian Lyu, Zihan Xu, Jing Wang, Zhen Hu, Lianbin Zhang, Jintao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionogels have emerged as promising materials for flexible sensors, combining tunable mechanical properties with high ionic conductivity. While integrating colloidal crystals within ionogels can enable dynamic optical modulation and enhanced functionality, existing systems face critical limitations: moisture-induced degradation in humid environments and structural color instability during deformation, both of which compromise sensing reliability. In this work, we develop an adhesive photonic ionogel (APIG) that maintains stable structural color during deformation and robust underwater adhesion. The APIG is fabricated by copolymerization of a hydrophobic polymerizable ionic liquid, acryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([AETA][TFSI]) with 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate (TFEA), following infiltration into surface-carboxylated polystyrene (PS-COOH) colloidal crystal templates. The resulting APIG exhibits excellent underwater adhesion, with an adhesion strength of 605.0 kPa on stainless steel, and maintains structural color stability during deformation, achieved through a decoupling strategy that minimizes interactions between the non-polar polymer matrix and functionalized colloidal particles. Furthermore, our APIG demonstrates reliable strain-responsive electrical signals, with consistent resistive output over 300 loading-unloading cycles. This unique combination of optical stability, durable adhesion, and robust electromechanical performance positions APIG as an advanced platform for underwater motion monitoring, spatial positioning, and even optical-electrical communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101187,"journal":{"name":"Supramolecular Materials","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100118
Changjian Li , Shanbin Goh , Yu Ou , Chaoyue Sun , Shuaishuai Yan , Wenhui Hou , Yang Lu , Xiao Ma , Zhi Liu , Yuhao Wu , Yingchun Xia , Weili Zhang , Qingbin Cao , Hao Liu , Xuan Song , Xuwen Peng , Jian Feng , Kezhuo Li , Lai Wei , Jia Zhang , Kai Liu
The development of solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) is pivotal to addressing the escalating global demand for advanced electrochemical energy storage systems, driven notably by electric vehicles and portable electronics. Recently, supramolecular chemistry has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the performance and stability of SSLBs through precisely controlled molecular interactions and self-assembly processes. This review systematically analyzes recent advancements in supramolecular self-assembly applied to solid-state-electrolyte materials and solid electrode-solid electrolyte interface engineering within SSLBs. Various supramolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, charge transfer interactions, host-guest interactions, π–π stacking, and dynamic covalent bonding, are comprehensively examined for their roles in constructing electrolytes characterized by superior ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, mechanical robustness, and self-healing functionality. In addition, we discuss supramolecular strategies for engineering functional interfaces of effectively mitigating lithium dendrite formation, reducing interfacial impedance, and significantly enhancing cycle stability. And the detailed mechanistic insights into how these supramolecular interactions foster optimized ionic conduction pathways, structural integrity, and dynamic adaptability are elucidated. This review underscores the transformative potential of supramolecular chemistry in realizing practical and highly efficient next-generation SSLBs.
{"title":"Supramolecular self-assembly in solid-state lithium batteries: Bulk electrolyte design and interface engineering","authors":"Changjian Li , Shanbin Goh , Yu Ou , Chaoyue Sun , Shuaishuai Yan , Wenhui Hou , Yang Lu , Xiao Ma , Zhi Liu , Yuhao Wu , Yingchun Xia , Weili Zhang , Qingbin Cao , Hao Liu , Xuan Song , Xuwen Peng , Jian Feng , Kezhuo Li , Lai Wei , Jia Zhang , Kai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) is pivotal to addressing the escalating global demand for advanced electrochemical energy storage systems, driven notably by electric vehicles and portable electronics. Recently, supramolecular chemistry has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the performance and stability of SSLBs through precisely controlled molecular interactions and self-assembly processes. This review systematically analyzes recent advancements in supramolecular self-assembly applied to solid-state-electrolyte materials and solid electrode-solid electrolyte interface engineering within SSLBs. Various supramolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, charge transfer interactions, host-guest interactions, π–π stacking, and dynamic covalent bonding, are comprehensively examined for their roles in constructing electrolytes characterized by superior ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, mechanical robustness, and self-healing functionality. In addition, we discuss supramolecular strategies for engineering functional interfaces of effectively mitigating lithium dendrite formation, reducing interfacial impedance, and significantly enhancing cycle stability. And the detailed mechanistic insights into how these supramolecular interactions foster optimized ionic conduction pathways, structural integrity, and dynamic adaptability are elucidated. This review underscores the transformative potential of supramolecular chemistry in realizing practical and highly efficient next-generation SSLBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101187,"journal":{"name":"Supramolecular Materials","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100117
Tongxia Jin , Xin Zhang , Jun-Yi Su , Jun-Xiao Ding , Wei-Tao Dou , Lin Xu
Supramolecular self-sorting illustrates nature’s remarkable precision, wherein molecular components selectively recognize and bind to specific partners through a delicate balance of energetic interactions and molecular dynamics. This process results in organized structures that exemplify the emergence of order from disorder. Among the non-covalent forces that drive self-sorting, metal–ligand coordination plays a crucial role in constructing complex supramolecular systems. Its inherent directionality, predictability, and strength make it especially effective for forming stable and well-defined assemblies. Inspired by natural self-assembly, researchers have devised strategies to control and synthesize a diverse array of metallacycles. Despite significant progress in this area, studies on self-sorting within metallacycles remain relatively limited. This review summarizes recent advances in both narcissistic and integrative self-sorting processes in metallacycles, emphasizing the fundamental principles behind these mechanisms and their potential applications in functional materials. A deeper understanding of these processes will support the rational design of sophisticated supramolecular systems with enhanced precision and functionality, thereby paving the way for the development of advanced materials in catalysis, sensing, and molecular electronics.
{"title":"Exploring self-sorting in metallacycles: Toward advanced supramolecular systems and materials","authors":"Tongxia Jin , Xin Zhang , Jun-Yi Su , Jun-Xiao Ding , Wei-Tao Dou , Lin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supramolecular self-sorting illustrates nature’s remarkable precision, wherein molecular components selectively recognize and bind to specific partners through a delicate balance of energetic interactions and molecular dynamics. This process results in organized structures that exemplify the emergence of order from disorder. Among the non-covalent forces that drive self-sorting, metal–ligand coordination plays a crucial role in constructing complex supramolecular systems. Its inherent directionality, predictability, and strength make it especially effective for forming stable and well-defined assemblies. Inspired by natural self-assembly, researchers have devised strategies to control and synthesize a diverse array of metallacycles. Despite significant progress in this area, studies on self-sorting within metallacycles remain relatively limited. This review summarizes recent advances in both narcissistic and integrative self-sorting processes in metallacycles, emphasizing the fundamental principles behind these mechanisms and their potential applications in functional materials. A deeper understanding of these processes will support the rational design of sophisticated supramolecular systems with enhanced precision and functionality, thereby paving the way for the development of advanced materials in catalysis, sensing, and molecular electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101187,"journal":{"name":"Supramolecular Materials","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100116
Le Liu, Fan Huang, Jianfeng Liu, Meng Xiao
Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, with traditional treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy often causing severe side effects and facing challenges due to tumor heterogeneity and complex microenvironments. Precision medicine, which tailors treatments to individual patients based on molecular and cellular understanding of diseases, offers a promising approach to improve cancer treatment outcomes. Supramolecular chemistry, focusing on molecular aggregates formed by non-covalent interactions, has emerged as a powerful tool in this context. This review explores the applications of supramolecular chemistry in precise cancer theranostics. Supramolecular chemistry, based on non-covalent interactions, can construct unique molecular aggregates with advantages like low immunotoxicity, dynamic reversibility, and modular structure, suitable for precision medicine. The review details these characteristics, and categorizes various supramolecular interactions including hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, metal-ion coordination bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and corresponding self-assembly systems, and their applications in drug delivery, tumor microenvironment modulation, and radiosensitization, etc. This article provides new directions for the development of supramolecular materials and precise cancer treatment.
{"title":"Recent advances of supramolecular systems in precise cancer theranostics","authors":"Le Liu, Fan Huang, Jianfeng Liu, Meng Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supmat.2025.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, with traditional treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy often causing severe side effects and facing challenges due to tumor heterogeneity and complex microenvironments. Precision medicine, which tailors treatments to individual patients based on molecular and cellular understanding of diseases, offers a promising approach to improve cancer treatment outcomes. Supramolecular chemistry, focusing on molecular aggregates formed by non-covalent interactions, has emerged as a powerful tool in this context. This review explores the applications of supramolecular chemistry in precise cancer theranostics. Supramolecular chemistry, based on non-covalent interactions, can construct unique molecular aggregates with advantages like low immunotoxicity, dynamic reversibility, and modular structure, suitable for precision medicine. The review details these characteristics, and categorizes various supramolecular interactions including hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, metal-ion coordination bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and corresponding self-assembly systems, and their applications in drug delivery, tumor microenvironment modulation, and radiosensitization, etc. This article provides new directions for the development of supramolecular materials and precise cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101187,"journal":{"name":"Supramolecular Materials","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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