Gamma irradiation is a promising green technology for improving the functional quality of plant-based bioresources. This study evaluates the effect of gamma irradiation (0–10 kGy) on the phytochemical composition and antifungal activity of Ageratum conyzoides ethanolic extracts against Fusarium oxysporum. Moderate irradiation doses (4–6 kGy) significantly enhanced secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids, leading to significantly enhanced the extract's antifungal efficacy. At 4 kGy, the extract achieved a maximum inhibition of 95.06 % at 8 % concentration, coinciding with peak flavonoid content (34.00 ± 1.03 mg/mL). However, higher doses (≥8 kGy) degraded bioactive compounds, reducing efficacy. These findings highlight gamma irradiation as an eco-friendly post-extraction treatment to boost natural antifungal agents, contributing to sustainable agriculture and reduced reliance on synthetic fungicides.
{"title":"Gamma irradiation as a green technology to enhance antifungal efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides extract for sustainable crop protection","authors":"Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh , Tran Thi Thu Phuong , Nguyen Thi Hong Thuong , Han Ngoc Bui , Dang-Khoa Phan , Nguyen Ngoc Duy","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gamma irradiation is a promising green technology for improving the functional quality of plant-based bioresources. This study evaluates the effect of gamma irradiation (0–10 kGy) on the phytochemical composition and antifungal activity of <em>Ageratum conyzoides</em> ethanolic extracts against <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. Moderate irradiation doses (4–6 kGy) significantly enhanced secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids, leading to significantly enhanced the extract's antifungal efficacy. At 4 kGy, the extract achieved a maximum inhibition of 95.06 % at 8 % concentration, coinciding with peak flavonoid content (34.00 ± 1.03 mg/mL). However, higher doses (≥8 kGy) degraded bioactive compounds, reducing efficacy. These findings highlight gamma irradiation as an eco-friendly post-extraction treatment to boost natural antifungal agents, contributing to sustainable agriculture and reduced reliance on synthetic fungicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The heartwood of Acacia catechu has been highly valued in both contemporary and ayurvedic medicine for its anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, traditional applications face challenges such as low absorption, rapid degradation and limited bio availability. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to synthesize and characterize the eco-friendly and sustainable A. catechu derived silver oxide nanoparticles (Ac-AgONPs) and assess their biological activities. Ac-AgONPs were prepared utilising the hydroalcoholic extract of A. catechu heartwood. The biosynthesized Ac-AgONPs exhibited a distinctive surface plasmon resonance peak at 590 nm. A crystalline structure of Ag₂O/AgO with an average diameter of 24.7 nm was identified through XRD analysis. Transmission electron microscopy imaging illustrated spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 13.2 nm. HPLC analysis identified catechin, tannic acid and β-carotene as crucial phytochemicals which might be involved in bioreduction of nanoparticles. Ac-AgONPs showed significantly enhanced antibacterial properties compared to crude extract, achieving a 19 ± 0.57 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and improved efficacy against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species and Bacillus subtilis. The nanoparticles also displayed outstanding free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀: 3.65 µg/mL), exceeding the antioxidant potential of plant extract by more than twenty times. Additionally, Ac-AgONPs facilitated the rapid photodegradation of methylene blue dye with increasing efficiency in proportion to the concentration of nanoparticles used. Overall, this study concluded that green-synthesized Ac-AgONPs offer superior bioactivity, increased antimicrobial efficacy, efficient antioxidant and photocatalytic activity, positioning them as a promising candidate for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis and bioactivity of Acacia catechu heartwood -derived silver oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Navya Rana , Puja Kumari , Madhu Bala , Rakesh Kumar , Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heartwood of <em>Acacia catechu</em> has been highly valued in both contemporary and ayurvedic medicine for its anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, traditional applications face challenges such as low absorption, rapid degradation and limited bio availability. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to synthesize and characterize the eco-friendly and sustainable <em>A. catechu</em> derived silver oxide nanoparticles (Ac-AgONPs) and assess their biological activities. Ac-AgONPs were prepared utilising the hydroalcoholic extract of <em>A. catechu</em> heartwood. The biosynthesized Ac-AgONPs exhibited a distinctive surface plasmon resonance peak at 590 nm. A crystalline structure of Ag₂O/AgO with an average diameter of 24.7 nm was identified through XRD analysis. Transmission electron microscopy imaging illustrated spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 13.2 nm. HPLC analysis identified catechin, tannic acid and β-carotene as crucial phytochemicals which might be involved in bioreduction of nanoparticles. Ac-AgONPs showed significantly enhanced antibacterial properties compared to crude extract, achieving a 19 ± 0.57 mm inhibition zone against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and improved efficacy against <em>Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species and Bacillus subtilis.</em> The nanoparticles also displayed outstanding free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀: 3.65 µg/mL), exceeding the antioxidant potential of plant extract by more than twenty times. Additionally, Ac-AgONPs facilitated the rapid photodegradation of methylene blue dye with increasing efficiency in proportion to the concentration of nanoparticles used. Overall, this study concluded that green-synthesized Ac-AgONPs offer superior bioactivity, increased antimicrobial efficacy, efficient antioxidant and photocatalytic activity, positioning them as a promising candidate for biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100171
Azad Yadav, Rahul Langyan, Rajesh Dhankhar
In present study, green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract, providing an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for nanoparticle production. The synthesised NPs were characterized using various analytical techniques, including XRD, TEM, SAED, FTIR, UV–Vis, FESEM-EDX, TGA, BET and zeta potential analysis. The NPs exhibited a hexagonal structure, good monodispersity, and minuscule morphology as confirmed by TEM and SEM analyses. The results also indicate the formation of spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 44 to 58 nm. XRD pattern confirm the presence of crystalline phase in ZnO-NPs and Brunauer Emmett and Teller’s surface area of synthesized ZnO-NPs was found to be 12.435 m2/g, with an average pore diameter falling within the mesoporous range. ZnO-NPs serve as efficient adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions (Ni2+ and Cu2+) and exhibit promising antibacterial properties due to their higher surface area-to-volume ratio and stronger inherent adsorption capability. The results showed that ZnO-NPs have excellent adsorption efficiency of 95 % and 94 % for Ni2+ and Cu2+ ions at 8.0 and 7.0 pH, along with 40 mg sorbent dose, 20 mg/L concentration and 90 min of contact time at 30 ºC. The adsorption of both metal ions followed the Langmuir isotherm (R2 - 0.99), indicating monolayer adsorption on ZnO-NPs. The kinetic studies further showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model, with R2 values of 0.99 for Ni2+ and 0.97 for Cu2+, suggesting that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism. Furthermore, the synthesized ZnO-NPs exhibited higher antibacterial activity, effectively inhibiting growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, highlighting their potential for environment amelioration and antibacterial applications. These new sustainable solutions advance progress towards Circular Economy and the UN's SDGs.
{"title":"Sustainable phytosynthesis of reusable ZnO-NPs for efficient heavy metal ion removal with antibacterial properties","authors":"Azad Yadav, Rahul Langyan, Rajesh Dhankhar","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In present study, green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were synthesized using <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> leaf extract, providing an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for nanoparticle production. The synthesised NPs were characterized using various analytical techniques, including XRD, TEM, SAED, FTIR, UV–Vis, FESEM-EDX, TGA, BET and zeta potential analysis. The NPs exhibited a hexagonal structure, good monodispersity, and minuscule morphology as confirmed by TEM and SEM analyses. The results also indicate the formation of spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 44 to 58 nm. XRD pattern confirm the presence of crystalline phase in ZnO-NPs and Brunauer Emmett and Teller’s surface area of synthesized ZnO-NPs was found to be 12.435 m<sup>2</sup>/g, with an average pore diameter falling within the mesoporous range. ZnO-NPs serve as efficient adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions (Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup>) and exhibit promising antibacterial properties due to their higher surface area-to-volume ratio and stronger inherent adsorption capability. The results showed that ZnO-NPs have excellent adsorption efficiency of 95 % and 94 % for Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions at 8.0 and 7.0 pH, along with 40 mg sorbent dose, 20 mg/L concentration and 90 min of contact time at 30 ºC. The adsorption of both metal ions followed the Langmuir isotherm (R<sup>2</sup> - 0.99), indicating monolayer adsorption on ZnO-NPs. The kinetic studies further showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model, with R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.99 for Ni<sup>2+</sup> and 0.97 for Cu<sup>2+</sup>, suggesting that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism. Furthermore, the synthesized ZnO-NPs exhibited higher antibacterial activity, effectively inhibiting growth of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, highlighting their potential for environment amelioration and antibacterial applications. These new sustainable solutions advance progress towards Circular Economy and the UN's SDGs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100169
M. Prabakaran , S. Sujatha , M. Rajasimman
In the recent years, enormous growth of industries and urbanisation have significantly contributed to environmental pollution especially water pollution. Conventional and modern methods are employed to treat the wastewater but still the treatment of dye wastewater poses a challenge. In this study, an eco-friendly process was performed for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye from the synthetic aqueous solution using the Green Emulsion Liquid Membrane (GELM). The GELM was fabricated by applying waste cooking oil (WCO) as a diluent which is a green solvent. Different ratios of two surfactants namely, span 80 and Tween 80 were employed to vary the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values. Aliquat 336 is used as a carrier and HCl is employed as a stripping agent. Various variables were optimized by the application of Box–Behnken design (BBD) for RhB removal. The optimum condition for the maximum removal of RhB was estimated as: carrier concentration – 4.15 (v/v %); HLB – 5.7; HCl concentration – 0.47 N; Volume ratio-3.4:1; treat ratio – 1:5.4; Agitation speed −337 rpm. At these optimized conditions a maximum removal of 99 % of RhB dye was achieved. The mechanism of the RhB removal by GELM is also proposed. Effect of temperature, thermodynamics and kinetic studies were also performed for the dye removal using GELM process. Regeneration and reuse of the membrane were also studied. The outcomes specify that optimum HLB values in GELM process yields better results and can be effectively used to remove the dye present in the wastewater.
{"title":"Sustainable utilization of green solvent in emulsion liquid membrane process for rhodamine dye removal: Performance, thermodynamics, and regeneration studies","authors":"M. Prabakaran , S. Sujatha , M. Rajasimman","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the recent years, enormous growth of industries and urbanisation have significantly contributed to environmental pollution especially water pollution. Conventional and modern methods are employed to treat the wastewater but still the treatment of dye wastewater poses a challenge. In this study, an eco-friendly process was performed for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye from the synthetic aqueous solution using the Green Emulsion Liquid Membrane (GELM). The GELM was fabricated by applying waste cooking oil (WCO) as a diluent which is a green solvent. Different ratios of two surfactants namely, span 80 and Tween 80 were employed to vary the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) values. Aliquat 336 is used as a carrier and HCl is employed as a stripping agent. Various variables were optimized by the application of Box–Behnken design (BBD) for RhB removal. The optimum condition for the maximum removal of RhB was estimated as: carrier concentration – 4.15 <em>(v/v %)</em>; HLB – 5.7; HCl concentration – 0.47 N; Volume ratio-3.4:1; treat ratio – 1:5.4; Agitation speed −337 rpm. At these optimized conditions a maximum removal of 99 % of RhB dye was achieved. The mechanism of the RhB removal by GELM is also proposed. Effect of temperature, thermodynamics and kinetic studies were also performed for the dye removal using GELM process. Regeneration and reuse of the membrane were also studied. The outcomes specify that optimum HLB values in GELM process yields better results and can be effectively used to remove the dye present in the wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100166
Favour Eloviano Agadaigho , Israel Adekunle Adetunji , Godwin Osahon Avanrenren , Oghenerukevwe Jeffrey Oghenehwosa , Miracle Chinonso Jude , Royal Okuyade Oniovosa , Obiora Ebuka Muojama , Ibhadebhunuele Gabriel Okoduwa , Heri Septya Kusuma , Promise Tega Aghe , Andrew Nosakhare Amenaghawon
This study presents the development of a novel hydroxyapatite–bentonite composite with integrated adsorptive and photocatalytic functionalities for remediating simulated methylene blue (MB) wastewater. The material was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated under photo-assisted conditions using an improvised ultraviolet (UV) reactor system. Intelligent optimization of the process parameters was conducted based on validated predictive tree-based models. The identified optimum conditions were 150 min contact time, 5 g adsorbent dosage, 22.86 mg/L initial dye concentration, and pH 2, yielding a predicted MB removal efficiency of 99.26 %. Validation experiments confirmed a maximum efficiency of 98.87 %, demonstrating a strong agreement with the model predictions. In contrast, dark experiments simulating adsorption-only removal achieved 50.88 %, confirming the critical role of irradiation and photocatalysis in enhancing dye degradation. Machine learning models further underscored the robustness of the approach, with tuned hyperparameters enabling reliable prediction of MB removal across varying operational conditions. Notably, the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) model, with an R2 value of 0.9599, achieved superior generalization compared to RF. This study addresses the limitations of previous studies that rely solely on standalone adsorption or photocatalysis and integrates advanced machine learning (ML) prediction with bio-inspired optimization and interpretability using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) for comprehensive performance insights. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of technologies that support the actualization of UN Sustainable Development Goal 6. In addition, this study demonstrated that integrating adsorption and photocatalysis, coupled with bio-inspired optimization and advanced predictive modeling, offers a viable and scalable pathway for dye removal from wastewater.
{"title":"Interpretable tree-based machine learning modeling and optimization of photo-assisted methylene blue removal using a hydroxyapatite-bentonite composite","authors":"Favour Eloviano Agadaigho , Israel Adekunle Adetunji , Godwin Osahon Avanrenren , Oghenerukevwe Jeffrey Oghenehwosa , Miracle Chinonso Jude , Royal Okuyade Oniovosa , Obiora Ebuka Muojama , Ibhadebhunuele Gabriel Okoduwa , Heri Septya Kusuma , Promise Tega Aghe , Andrew Nosakhare Amenaghawon","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of a novel hydroxyapatite–bentonite composite with integrated adsorptive and photocatalytic functionalities for remediating simulated methylene blue (MB) wastewater. The material was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated under photo-assisted conditions using an improvised ultraviolet (UV) reactor system. Intelligent optimization of the process parameters was conducted based on validated predictive tree-based models. The identified optimum conditions were 150 min contact time, 5 g adsorbent dosage, 22.86 mg/L initial dye concentration, and pH 2, yielding a predicted MB removal efficiency of 99.26 %. Validation experiments confirmed a maximum efficiency of 98.87 %, demonstrating a strong agreement with the model predictions. In contrast, dark experiments simulating adsorption-only removal achieved 50.88 %, confirming the critical role of irradiation and photocatalysis in enhancing dye degradation. Machine learning models further underscored the robustness of the approach, with tuned hyperparameters enabling reliable prediction of MB removal across varying operational conditions. Notably, the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) model, with an <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> value of 0.9599, achieved superior generalization compared to RF. This study addresses the limitations of previous studies that rely solely on standalone adsorption or photocatalysis and integrates advanced machine learning (ML) prediction with bio-inspired optimization and interpretability using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) for comprehensive performance insights. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of technologies that support the actualization of UN Sustainable Development Goal 6. In addition, this study demonstrated that integrating adsorption and photocatalysis, coupled with bio-inspired optimization and advanced predictive modeling, offers a viable and scalable pathway for dye removal from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100165
Andrea Lüttger , Corina Kleps , Kejsa Sula , Roland Schneider , Joachim Venus , Daniel Pleissner
This study presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of decentralized succinic acid production from acid whey and oat pomace, comparing decentralized, small-scale implementation with larger-scale options and explicitly evaluating energy-source driven variability. The novelty lies in explicitly contrasting small-scale decentralization with large-scale operation, and in quantifying the relative contributions of substrate production and energy mix to total environmental impact. The results show that the production of 1 kg of succinic acid generates emissions ranging from 44.7 kg CO2-eq. (onshore wind power) to 349.5 kg CO2-eq. (lignite-fired power plants). The study emphasized the importance of including the production process of agricultural products in the assessment of residual materials and showed that agricultural inputs can dominate environmental impacts relative to energy-intensive downstream steps. The study further aimed to determine the economic viability when the process was upscaled to a working volume of 1000 L carried out decentralized. The total capital investment was 595,130 €, with annual operational costs of 264,435 €. Given a production rate of 832 kg per year and an annual revenue of 3993 €, profitability indicators show that the process remains economically unviable under the base-case assumptions. However, the analysis identifies specific levers (e.g., improved yield, higher titer, equipment sharing, and multi-product integration) that could enhance feasibility for local, small-scale biorefineries.
本研究提出了从酸性乳清和燕麦渣中分散琥珀酸生产的生命周期评估（LCA），比较了分散的小规模实施与大规模选择，并明确评估了能源驱动的可变性。其新颖之处在于明确地将小规模的权力下放与大规模经营进行对比，并量化基质生产和能源组合对总环境影响的相对贡献。结果表明，生产1 kg琥珀酸产生的排放量为44.7 kg CO2-eq；（陆上风力发电）至349.5 千克二氧化碳当量。（褐煤发电厂）。该研究强调了将农产品生产过程纳入剩余物质评估的重要性，并表明相对于能源密集型下游步骤，农业投入可以主导环境影响。该研究进一步旨在确定当该过程扩大到分散进行的1000 L的工作体积时的经济可行性。总资本投资为595,130欧元，年运营成本为264,435欧元。考虑到每年832 公斤的产量和3993欧元的年收入，盈利指标表明，在基本情况假设下，该工艺在经济上仍然是不可行的。然而，分析确定了具体的杠杆（例如，提高产量，更高的滴度，设备共享和多产品集成），可以提高当地小规模生物精炼厂的可行性。
{"title":"Decentralized fermentative production of succinic acid from food industry residues: Life-cycle- and economic assessments","authors":"Andrea Lüttger , Corina Kleps , Kejsa Sula , Roland Schneider , Joachim Venus , Daniel Pleissner","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of decentralized succinic acid production from acid whey and oat pomace, comparing decentralized, small-scale implementation with larger-scale options and explicitly evaluating energy-source driven variability. The novelty lies in explicitly contrasting small-scale decentralization with large-scale operation, and in quantifying the relative contributions of substrate production and energy mix to total environmental impact. The results show that the production of 1 kg of succinic acid generates emissions ranging from 44.7 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. (onshore wind power) to 349.5 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. (lignite-fired power plants). The study emphasized the importance of including the production process of agricultural products in the assessment of residual materials and showed that agricultural inputs can dominate environmental impacts relative to energy-intensive downstream steps. The study further aimed to determine the economic viability when the process was upscaled to a working volume of 1000 L carried out decentralized. The total capital investment was 595,130 €, with annual operational costs of 264,435 €. Given a production rate of 832 kg per year and an annual revenue of 3993 €, profitability indicators show that the process remains economically unviable under the base-case assumptions. However, the analysis identifies specific levers (e.g., improved yield, higher titer, equipment sharing, and multi-product integration) that could enhance feasibility for local, small-scale biorefineries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100164
Alaa M. Alrudainy , Marwah Thamir Alnuaimi , Ahmed M. Amshawee , Radwan Ali , kawther saleh thanon , Noor M. Alassadi
Microalgae have been found to be one of the most promising renewable materials for the production of sustainable biodiesel with their high growth rates, high lipid content, and superior capacity for fixing carbon dioxide. It can be grown even on non-arable lands, utilizing wastewater or even saline water, thus having support in both the food versus fuel conflict and carbon sequestration. With high processing cost and limitations in the conventional homogeneous-catalyzed process, facing soap formation, loss of the catalyst, and complicated separation processing, it deters commercialization. However, in recent years, the application of Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with their high and separate recovery facilitated by external magnetic fields has brought in a revolutionary change in algal biodiesel production with their high efficiency, separateability, and augmented approaches. These separate MNPs-based catalysts the combined benefits of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, meaning their higher efficiency in transesterification with lower environmental toxicity. This current report undertakes, in depth, the microalgal biodiesel production with assistance from MNPs, covering their preparation, modification, and structure. Four distinct MNP approaches in the microalgal transesterification, including solid acid, solid base, bifunctional acid–base and biocatalysts, along with their syntheses, stabilities, and potency, respectively, have been explored in detail.
{"title":"Magnetic nanoparticles as recyclable catalysts in biodiesel synthesis from microalgae","authors":"Alaa M. Alrudainy , Marwah Thamir Alnuaimi , Ahmed M. Amshawee , Radwan Ali , kawther saleh thanon , Noor M. Alassadi","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae have been found to be one of the most promising renewable materials for the production of sustainable biodiesel with their high growth rates, high lipid content, and superior capacity for fixing carbon dioxide. It can be grown even on non-arable lands, utilizing wastewater or even saline water, thus having support in both the food versus fuel conflict and carbon sequestration. With high processing cost and limitations in the conventional homogeneous-catalyzed process, facing soap formation, loss of the catalyst, and complicated separation processing, it deters commercialization. However, in recent years, the application of Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with their high and separate recovery facilitated by external magnetic fields has brought in a revolutionary change in algal biodiesel production with their high efficiency, separateability, and augmented approaches. These separate MNPs-based catalysts the combined benefits of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, meaning their higher efficiency in transesterification with lower environmental toxicity. This current report undertakes, in depth, the microalgal biodiesel production with assistance from MNPs, covering their preparation, modification, and structure. Four distinct MNP approaches in the microalgal transesterification, including solid acid, solid base, bifunctional acid–base and biocatalysts, along with their syntheses, stabilities, and potency, respectively, have been explored in detail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100163
Geeta D. Pai , Manohar. R. Rathod , S.K. Rajappa , A.A. Kittur , Netravati Gyakwad
In this study, Jasminum officinale leaves extract (JOLE) was investigated as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl medium. The phytoconstituents of JOLE were identified qualitatively and quantified using GC–MS, confirming 2H-pyran, tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)- as the major compound. Weight loss (WL) analysis showed a maximum inhibition efficiency of 96.64 % at 540 ppm. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a decrease in corrosion current density from 3.272 × 10−3 Acm−2 to 7.813 × 10−5 Acm−2, indicating the formation of a stable protective film. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) confirmed JOLE acts as a mixed-type inhibitor, while adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model. Surface analytical techniques corroborated the formation of a compact, adherent protective layer on the JOLE-treated surface. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations elucidated strong molecular interactions and preferred adsorption sites of JOLE components with the MS surface, consistent with experimental observations.
{"title":"Jasminum officinale plant leaves extract as sustainable and green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium: Chemical, electrochemical, surface characterisation and computational approaches","authors":"Geeta D. Pai , Manohar. R. Rathod , S.K. Rajappa , A.A. Kittur , Netravati Gyakwad","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, <em>Jasminum officinale</em> leaves extract (JOLE) was investigated as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl medium. The phytoconstituents of JOLE were identified qualitatively and quantified using GC–MS, confirming 2H-pyran, tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)- as the major compound. Weight loss (WL) analysis showed a maximum inhibition efficiency of 96.64 % at 540 ppm. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a decrease in corrosion current density from 3.272 × 10<sup>−3</sup> Acm<sup>−2</sup> to 7.813 × 10<sup>−5</sup> Acm<sup>−2</sup>, indicating the formation of a stable protective film. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) confirmed JOLE acts as a mixed-type inhibitor, while adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model. Surface analytical techniques corroborated the formation of a compact, adherent protective layer on the JOLE-treated surface. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations elucidated strong molecular interactions and preferred adsorption sites of JOLE components with the MS surface, consistent with experimental observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100162
Okpo O. Ekerenam , Wilfred Emori , Alexander I. Ikeuba , Kai Wang , Louis Hitler , Ini-Ibehe N. Etim , Unyime U. Umoh , Eddy S. William , Mfoniso U. Aka , Joy F. Charles , Fidelis E. Abeng
This study presents a protective strategy for the corrosion protection of carbon steel in acidic environment utilizing Cola lepidota seeds extract, an agricultural waste product. The study employed both electrochemical (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP)), and gasometric methods. The adsorption of the extract onto steel surface was thoroughly investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while the adsorption properties of its phytocompounds were investigated using theoretical approaches. Cola lepidota functioned as an effective mixed-type anticorrosion material, with its efficiency significantly determined by concentration, temperature, and duration of exposure. The efficiency of the extract improved with concentration, achieving optimal values of 98.5 % (EIS) and 91.7 % (gasometry) at 2.0 g/L. However, it decreased with elevating temperatures and prolonged exposure. The adsorption of the extract and its anticorrosive properties on the steel surface was subsequently confirmed by SEM and FTIR analyses. Thermodynamic data indicated that while some inhibitor molecules underwent chemical adsorption at elevated concentrations, the predominant mechanism was physisorption with exothermic characteristics. Furthermore, quantum chemical descriptors provided insights into the detailed understanding of the stability and reactivity of some identified phytocompounds in the extract, while molecular dynamics simulations shed light on the specific adsorption behavior and orientation of the phytocompounds, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the protective mechanism of Cola lepidota seed extract. This research demonstrates a sustainable "waste-to-wealth" approach by transforming an underutilized waste product into a highly effective and sustainable corrosion inhibitor, advancing the drive for green solutions to corrosion mitigation.
{"title":"Bio-inspired corrosion control: Experimental and theoretical study of Cola lepidota on steel in acid","authors":"Okpo O. Ekerenam , Wilfred Emori , Alexander I. Ikeuba , Kai Wang , Louis Hitler , Ini-Ibehe N. Etim , Unyime U. Umoh , Eddy S. William , Mfoniso U. Aka , Joy F. Charles , Fidelis E. Abeng","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a protective strategy for the corrosion protection of carbon steel in acidic environment utilizing <em>Cola lepidota</em> seeds extract, an agricultural waste product. The study employed both electrochemical (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP)), and gasometric methods. The adsorption of the extract onto steel surface was thoroughly investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while the adsorption properties of its phytocompounds were investigated using theoretical approaches. <em>Cola lepidota</em> functioned as an effective mixed-type anticorrosion material, with its efficiency significantly determined by concentration, temperature, and duration of exposure. The efficiency of the extract improved with concentration, achieving optimal values of 98.5 % (EIS) and 91.7 % (gasometry) at 2.0 g/L. However, it decreased with elevating temperatures and prolonged exposure. The adsorption of the extract and its anticorrosive properties on the steel surface was subsequently confirmed by SEM and FTIR analyses. Thermodynamic data indicated that while some inhibitor molecules underwent chemical adsorption at elevated concentrations, the predominant mechanism was physisorption with exothermic characteristics. Furthermore, quantum chemical descriptors provided insights into the detailed understanding of the stability and reactivity of some identified phytocompounds in the extract, while molecular dynamics simulations shed light on the specific adsorption behavior and orientation of the phytocompounds, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the protective mechanism of <em>Cola lepidota</em> seed extract. This research demonstrates a sustainable \"waste-to-wealth\" approach by transforming an underutilized waste product into a highly effective and sustainable corrosion inhibitor, advancing the drive for green solutions to corrosion mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic organic compound used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and can contaminate food and beverages through migration from plastic packaging. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly detection method is needed. A green synthesis approach was used to prepare rods-like tin oxide/graphene oxide (SnO₂/GO) nanocomposites using sappanwood extract as a natural reducing agent and stabilizer. The rods-like SnO₂/GO materials were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, followed by calcination, and then fabricated into carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) for the electrochemical sensing of BPA. Material characterization using SEM showed that SnO₂ particles were evenly distributed with rods-like structure on the GO’s surface. Electrochemical analysis was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), suggesting that SnO₂/GO-CPEs had a linear range between 2 and 100 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2881 µM, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.9602 µM, and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9929. Furthermore, the developed SnO2/GO-CPEs-based sensor offers wide-range linearity, a low detection limit, and high stability and good selectivity. This innovative approach is environmentally sustainable and exhibits a recovery rate nearing 100 % when analyzing real samples, indicating minimal matrix effects. Consequently, this method can be considered a reliable alternative for the detection of BPA.
双酚A （BPA）是一种用于生产聚碳酸酯塑料的合成有机化合物，可以通过塑料包装的迁移污染食品和饮料。因此，需要一种快速、灵敏、环保的检测方法。以苏木提取物为天然还原剂和稳定剂，采用绿色合成方法制备了棒状氧化锡/氧化石墨烯（SnO₂/GO）纳米复合材料。采用水热法制备了棒状SnO₂/GO材料，经煅烧后制成碳糊电极（cpe），用于双酚a的电化学传感。SEM表征表明，氧化石墨烯表面SnO₂颗粒均匀分布，呈棒状结构。采用循环伏安法（CV）和差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）进行电化学分析，结果表明SnO₂/ go - cpe在2 ~ 100 µM范围内呈线性关系，检出限（LOD）为0.2881 µM，定量限（LOQ）为0.9602 µM，决定系数（R²）为0.9929。此外，开发的基于SnO2/ go - cpes的传感器具有宽线性范围，低检测限，高稳定性和良好的选择性。这种创新的方法是环境可持续的，在分析实际样品时显示出接近100% %的回收率，表明最小的矩阵效应。因此，这种方法可以被认为是检测双酚a的可靠替代方法。
{"title":"Plant extract-mediated synthesis of rods-like tin oxide loaded on graphene oxide and its application for electrochemical sensor of bisphenol-A","authors":"Yorfan Ruwindya , Regina Tutik Padmaningrum , Yuli Rohyami , Ganjar Fadillah","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic organic compound used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and can contaminate food and beverages through migration from plastic packaging. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly detection method is needed. A green synthesis approach was used to prepare rods-like tin oxide/graphene oxide (SnO₂/GO) nanocomposites using sappanwood extract as a natural reducing agent and stabilizer. The rods-like SnO₂/GO materials were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, followed by calcination, and then fabricated into carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) for the electrochemical sensing of BPA. Material characterization using SEM showed that SnO₂ particles were evenly distributed with rods-like structure on the GO’s surface. Electrochemical analysis was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), suggesting that SnO₂/GO-CPEs had a linear range between 2 and 100 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2881 µM, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.9602 µM, and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9929. Furthermore, the developed SnO<sub>2</sub>/GO-CPEs-based sensor offers wide-range linearity, a low detection limit, and high stability and good selectivity. This innovative approach is environmentally sustainable and exhibits a recovery rate nearing 100 % when analyzing real samples, indicating minimal matrix effects. Consequently, this method can be considered a reliable alternative for the detection of BPA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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