This study presents a novel approach for optimizing Sustainable Economic Production Quantity (SEPQ) by incorporating food waste and water waste emissions into the production planning process through the use of a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The objective is to minimize the environmental impacts while maximizing output volumes and decreasing total production costs. The Genetic Algorithm was utilized in a small and medium-sized firm that specializes in the multi-products food manufacturing sector. The GA was applied to systematically seek solutions that were close to optimal through 100 simulations. By implementing the optimized parameters in a case study of the SME industry, the production quantities for the two products were determined optimally with minimal total annual costs. The sensitivity analysis has shown that the SEPQ model remains strong and unaffected by changes in warehouse capacity, costs of solid waste disposal, and costs of liquid waste sales. This highlights the significance of waste management in attaining cost-effectiveness. The study offers helpful insights into the equilibrium between economic efficiency and environmental sustainability in production systems, hence contributing to the continuous advancement of sustainable manufacturing strategies.
{"title":"Sustainable economic production quantity optimization (SEPQ) considering food waste emission and water waste emission using genetic algorithm","authors":"Windy Puspika , Ilyas Masudin , Thomy Eko Saputro , Salman Alfarisi , Dian Palupi Restuputri , S. Sarifah Radiah Shariff","doi":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel approach for optimizing Sustainable Economic Production Quantity (SEPQ) by incorporating food waste and water waste emissions into the production planning process through the use of a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The objective is to minimize the environmental impacts while maximizing output volumes and decreasing total production costs. The Genetic Algorithm was utilized in a small and medium-sized firm that specializes in the multi-products food manufacturing sector. The GA was applied to systematically seek solutions that were close to optimal through 100 simulations. By implementing the optimized parameters in a case study of the SME industry, the production quantities for the two products were determined optimally with minimal total annual costs. The sensitivity analysis has shown that the SEPQ model remains strong and unaffected by changes in warehouse capacity, costs of solid waste disposal, and costs of liquid waste sales. This highlights the significance of waste management in attaining cost-effectiveness. The study offers helpful insights into the equilibrium between economic efficiency and environmental sustainability in production systems, hence contributing to the continuous advancement of sustainable manufacturing strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101201,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Operations and Computers","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 140-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The exponential expansion of the remanufacturing industry is propelled by a dual impetus of environmental conservation and economic advantages. Numerous original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) opt to entrust remanufacturing operations to authorized remanufacturers (ARs). Recognizing the power differences between an OEM and an AR, this paper establishes a game model based on three power structures: namely, OEM-led Stackelberg (NS model), AR-led Stackelberg (RS model) and Vertical Nash (VN model). We explore the effect of various power structures on pricing decisions and coordination in the authorized remanufacturing supply chain. Through equilibrium comparison, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) In the RS model, the lowest authorized fee contributes to maximizing the market share of remanufactured products. However, the OEM's intellectual property is not adequately protected. In the VN model, heightened market competition will result in the lowest profit for both manufacturers. Furthermore, due to the latecomer advantage, the OEM achieves the highest profit in the RS model, while the AR earns the highest profit in the NS model. (2) In either model, implementing the carbon tax policy leads to an increase in price of both products, a decrease in the production of new products, an increase in the production of remanufactured products, and an overall reduction in carbon emissions. Notably, it is the NS model that exhibits the greatest environmental improvement. Conversely, the extent of environmental improvements in the VN and RS models depends on the consumers’ preferences for remanufactured products. (3) Through a cost-sharing contract, in which the AR collaborates with the OEM to share recycling costs, both the recovery rate of discarded products and the sales of remanufactured products increase significantly. A Pareto improvement in profits is observed when the sharing ratio exceeds a certain threshold. However, it's crucial to acknowledge that the overall profits of the supply chain do not reach the level that can be achieved through centralized decision-making. Based on this insight, a cost-sharing fixed authorized fee contract is introduced. In this arrangement, the AR compensates the OEM for its share of recycling costs by paying a fixed authorized fee, thereby facilitating supply chain coordination.
{"title":"Decisions and coordination of authorized remanufacturing supply chain considering power structures and carbon tax policy","authors":"Yanpei Cheng , Xiqiang Xia , Yanliang Zhang , Jingrui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exponential expansion of the remanufacturing industry is propelled by a dual impetus of environmental conservation and economic advantages. Numerous original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) opt to entrust remanufacturing operations to authorized remanufacturers (ARs). Recognizing the power differences between an OEM and an AR, this paper establishes a game model based on three power structures: namely, OEM-led Stackelberg (NS model), AR-led Stackelberg (RS model) and Vertical Nash (VN model). We explore the effect of various power structures on pricing decisions and coordination in the authorized remanufacturing supply chain. Through equilibrium comparison, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) In the RS model, the lowest authorized fee contributes to maximizing the market share of remanufactured products. However, the OEM's intellectual property is not adequately protected. In the VN model, heightened market competition will result in the lowest profit for both manufacturers. Furthermore, due to the latecomer advantage, the OEM achieves the highest profit in the RS model, while the AR earns the highest profit in the NS model. (2) In either model, implementing the carbon tax policy leads to an increase in price of both products, a decrease in the production of new products, an increase in the production of remanufactured products, and an overall reduction in carbon emissions. Notably, it is the NS model that exhibits the greatest environmental improvement. Conversely, the extent of environmental improvements in the VN and RS models depends on the consumers’ preferences for remanufactured products. (3) Through a cost-sharing contract, in which the AR collaborates with the OEM to share recycling costs, both the recovery rate of discarded products and the sales of remanufactured products increase significantly. A Pareto improvement in profits is observed when the sharing ratio exceeds a certain threshold. However, it's crucial to acknowledge that the overall profits of the supply chain do not reach the level that can be achieved through centralized decision-making. Based on this insight, a cost-sharing fixed authorized fee contract is introduced. In this arrangement, the AR compensates the OEM for its share of recycling costs by paying a fixed authorized fee, thereby facilitating supply chain coordination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101201,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Operations and Computers","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 85-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.susoc.2025.07.001
Ying Li
With the increasing awareness of consumers’ low-carbon preferences and the implementation of government energy-saving and emission reduction policies, designing supply chain networks solely based on economic benefits is no longer sufficient to meet the development needs of enterprises. Moreover, the drawbacks of traditional supply chain network design that only considers the goal of maximizing profits or minimizing costs are becoming increasingly prominent. To this end, this study proposes a sustainable supply chain network structure for industrial production, which includes a dual-objective planning function model that maximizes profits and minimizes emissions, and a closed-loop supply chain network framework based on the product life cycle. The optimal solution of the function is obtained by using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms-II (NSGA-II) based on elite strategies after the improvement of immune operators. Empirical results show that the average values of time index (198), convergence measure (0.34) and interval index (623) in the improved NSGA-II algorithm are better than in other algorithms and this algorithm has clearer explanation for the decisions it made. It is also effective in helping companies choose emission reduction technologies and low-cost production facilities. With the improved algorithm, the total cost as well as carbon emissions can be reduced. The research method provides a new perspective for carbon emission management and sustainable development, and offers practical solutions for enterprises to reduce their carbon footprint and allocate resources reasonably in production and supply chain management. It helps to improve supply chain resilience and achieve sustainable development goals under economic development.
随着消费者低碳偏好意识的增强和政府节能减排政策的实施，单纯从经济效益出发设计供应链网络已不足以满足企业的发展需求。此外，传统供应链网络设计只考虑利润最大化或成本最小化目标的弊端也日益突出。为此，本研究提出了一种可持续的工业生产供应链网络结构，包括以利润最大化和排放最小化为目标的双目标规划函数模型和基于产品生命周期的闭环供应链网络框架。在对免疫算子进行改进后，采用基于精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法- ii （NSGA-II）求解该函数的最优解。实证结果表明，改进后的NSGA-II算法的时间指标（198）、收敛测度（0.34）和区间指标（623）的平均值均优于其他算法，对所做决策的解释更加清晰。在帮助企业选择减排技术和低成本生产设施方面也很有效。改进后的算法可以降低总成本和碳排放。研究方法为碳排放管理和可持续发展提供了新的视角，为企业在生产和供应链管理中减少碳足迹、合理配置资源提供了切实可行的解决方案。它有助于提高供应链弹性，实现经济发展下的可持续发展目标。
{"title":"Design of sustainable supply chain networks for industrial production with the consideration of carbon emission reduction","authors":"Ying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing awareness of consumers’ low-carbon preferences and the implementation of government energy-saving and emission reduction policies, designing supply chain networks solely based on economic benefits is no longer sufficient to meet the development needs of enterprises. Moreover, the drawbacks of traditional supply chain network design that only considers the goal of maximizing profits or minimizing costs are becoming increasingly prominent. To this end, this study proposes a sustainable supply chain network structure for industrial production, which includes a dual-objective planning function model that maximizes profits and minimizes emissions, and a closed-loop supply chain network framework based on the product life cycle. The optimal solution of the function is obtained by using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms-II (NSGA-II) based on elite strategies after the improvement of immune operators. Empirical results show that the average values of time index (198), convergence measure (0.34) and interval index (623) in the improved NSGA-II algorithm are better than in other algorithms and this algorithm has clearer explanation for the decisions it made. It is also effective in helping companies choose emission reduction technologies and low-cost production facilities. With the improved algorithm, the total cost as well as carbon emissions can be reduced. The research method provides a new perspective for carbon emission management and sustainable development, and offers practical solutions for enterprises to reduce their carbon footprint and allocate resources reasonably in production and supply chain management. It helps to improve supply chain resilience and achieve sustainable development goals under economic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101201,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Operations and Computers","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 229-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.susoc.2025.10.001
Hua Wang
Cold chain logistics face challenges such as high energy consumption, high carbon emissions, and high rates of cargo spoilage during transportation. These issues increase the operating costs of enterprises and also negatively affect the ecological environment. Therefore, this study constructs a cold chain logistics distribution path optimization model that comprehensively considers time window constraints, carbon emission costs, and cargo damage costs. Based on this, an I-ACO algorithm is proposed to achieve low-carbon and efficient distribution path planning. The I-ACO algorithm enhances the accuracy and adaptability of path selection by introducing dynamic time warping technology and chaos theory, thereby improving the search ability and solution quality of the algorithm. The results indicated that the I-ACO had a very high overall sample fitting degree, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between the actual output value and the expected value. Its accuracy reached 95.2 %, with fast convergence speed and a carbon emission of only 0.04 kg, significantly lower than other algorithms. The I-ACO could effectively reduce logistics costs, decrease carbon emissions, and improve delivery efficiency and customer satisfaction. The research algorithm provides an efficient, accurate, and environmentally friendly solution for optimizing the distribution path of cold chain logistics. This is beneficial for cold chain logistics enterprises to achieve economic benefits and better fulfill social responsibilities, and promote the sustainable development of the industry.
{"title":"Dynamic path optimization of cold chain logistics based on improved ant colony algorithm from a low-carbon perspective","authors":"Hua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold chain logistics face challenges such as high energy consumption, high carbon emissions, and high rates of cargo spoilage during transportation. These issues increase the operating costs of enterprises and also negatively affect the ecological environment. Therefore, this study constructs a cold chain logistics distribution path optimization model that comprehensively considers time window constraints, carbon emission costs, and cargo damage costs. Based on this, an I-ACO algorithm is proposed to achieve low-carbon and efficient distribution path planning. The I-ACO algorithm enhances the accuracy and adaptability of path selection by introducing dynamic time warping technology and chaos theory, thereby improving the search ability and solution quality of the algorithm. The results indicated that the I-ACO had a very high overall sample fitting degree, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between the actual output value and the expected value. Its accuracy reached 95.2 %, with fast convergence speed and a carbon emission of only 0.04 kg, significantly lower than other algorithms. The I-ACO could effectively reduce logistics costs, decrease carbon emissions, and improve delivery efficiency and customer satisfaction. The research algorithm provides an efficient, accurate, and environmentally friendly solution for optimizing the distribution path of cold chain logistics. This is beneficial for cold chain logistics enterprises to achieve economic benefits and better fulfill social responsibilities, and promote the sustainable development of the industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101201,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Operations and Computers","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 297-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.susoc.2025.07.004
{"title":"Ethics statement and consent to participate regarding previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101201,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Operations and Computers","volume":"6 ","pages":"Page 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.susoc.2025.11.001
{"title":"Corrigendum to “An Integrated Pollution-Generating Technology and Temperature Alignment Rating Model for Eco-Efficiency Estimation” [Sustainable Operations and ComputersVolume 6, 2025, Pages 246-255, Article: 123]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101201,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Operations and Computers","volume":"6 ","pages":"Page 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.susoc.2025.10.005
Jing Yu , Mingming Shen , Chi Zhou , Yaoyang Li , Zi Qin
This research delves into green investment, a strategy for manufacturers to attain a competitive advantage, to examine its impact on their competitive decision-making. This study constructs a game-theoretic model to analyze the impact of two competing manufacturers’ choices regarding green investments when selling their products through a common retailer. The analysis is divided into three scenarios: Model N (neither manufacturer makes a green investment), Model S (only one manufacturer makes a green investment), and Model B (both manufacturers make green investments). By deriving and comparing the equilibrium prices and profits for each scenario, the paper reveals that retailers consistently gain advantages from manufacturers’ green investments. However, a manufacturer’s decision to invest in green initiatives is contingent upon multiple factors, including the strategies of its competitors, the efficiency of the green investment, the level of product greenness, and the proportion of customers willing to pay a premium for environmentally friendly products.
{"title":"Green investment in a supply chain with manufacturer competition: Pricing and strategy selection","authors":"Jing Yu , Mingming Shen , Chi Zhou , Yaoyang Li , Zi Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research delves into green investment, a strategy for manufacturers to attain a competitive advantage, to examine its impact on their competitive decision-making. This study constructs a game-theoretic model to analyze the impact of two competing manufacturers’ choices regarding green investments when selling their products through a common retailer. The analysis is divided into three scenarios: Model N (neither manufacturer makes a green investment), Model S (only one manufacturer makes a green investment), and Model B (both manufacturers make green investments). By deriving and comparing the equilibrium prices and profits for each scenario, the paper reveals that retailers consistently gain advantages from manufacturers’ green investments. However, a manufacturer’s decision to invest in green initiatives is contingent upon multiple factors, including the strategies of its competitors, the efficiency of the green investment, the level of product greenness, and the proportion of customers willing to pay a premium for environmentally friendly products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101201,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Operations and Computers","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 270-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.susoc.2025.02.001
Xiukun Zhao , Yajiao Liu , Jinhui Zou , Qianzhou Deng , Rong Han
The implementation of EPR information disclosure responsibility is one of the four key tasks in the implementation of EPR. In order to explore the impact mechanism of carbon information disclosure behavior of manufacturers and remanufacturers considering extended producer responsibility (EPR) and low-carbon preference on corporate profits of outsourced remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain, this study constructs a two-level supply chain composed of manufacturers and remanufacturers. This paper integrates corporate carbon disclosure with recycling and remanufacturing activities and develop four models according to whether enterprises fulfill EPR information disclosure responsibilities. This study analyzes the equilibrium strategies of manufacturers and remanufacturers in four modes through Stackelberg game and finds that: Firstly, the implementation of EPR is more conducive to enhancing the overall profitability of enterprises compared to a scenario without EPR. Concurrently, enterprises will focus more on consumer low-carbon preferences and market dynamics when implementing EPR policies, thereby striving to enhance their competitive edge. Secondly, manufacturers and remanufacturers should collaborate actively in carbon information disclosure activities to achieve coordinated development between upstream and downstream enterprises. Such collaboration is beneficial for increasing the product recovery rate of remanufacturers. Lastly, social welfare is maximized under a full EPR scenario. The state of social welfare varies with changes in cost subsidy disclosure and consumer low-carbon preferences. Notably, the disclosure efforts of remanufacturers contribute more significantly to social welfare than those of manufacturers.
{"title":"Carbon information disclosure mechanism considering extended producer responsibility and low carbon preference under outsourcing remanufacturing","authors":"Xiukun Zhao , Yajiao Liu , Jinhui Zou , Qianzhou Deng , Rong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of EPR information disclosure responsibility is one of the four key tasks in the implementation of EPR. In order to explore the impact mechanism of carbon information disclosure behavior of manufacturers and remanufacturers considering extended producer responsibility (EPR) and low-carbon preference on corporate profits of outsourced remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain, this study constructs a two-level supply chain composed of manufacturers and remanufacturers. This paper integrates corporate carbon disclosure with recycling and remanufacturing activities and develop four models according to whether enterprises fulfill EPR information disclosure responsibilities. This study analyzes the equilibrium strategies of manufacturers and remanufacturers in four modes through Stackelberg game and finds that: Firstly, the implementation of EPR is more conducive to enhancing the overall profitability of enterprises compared to a scenario without EPR. Concurrently, enterprises will focus more on consumer low-carbon preferences and market dynamics when implementing EPR policies, thereby striving to enhance their competitive edge. Secondly, manufacturers and remanufacturers should collaborate actively in carbon information disclosure activities to achieve coordinated development between upstream and downstream enterprises. Such collaboration is beneficial for increasing the product recovery rate of remanufacturers. Lastly, social welfare is maximized under a full EPR scenario. The state of social welfare varies with changes in cost subsidy disclosure and consumer low-carbon preferences. Notably, the disclosure efforts of remanufacturers contribute more significantly to social welfare than those of manufacturers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101201,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Operations and Computers","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The buy-online-and-assemble-in-store (BOAS) approach has been implemented by different contemporary firms (i.e. IKEA and TUHU); however, the implications of BOAS for firms, consumers, and environment remain unclear. To fill this gap, this study considers a monopolistic firm selling products that require consumers’ post-processing assembly for effective use. Two distinct consumer segments exist in the market, including professional and amateur consumers, each with unique product needs and processing capabilities. Furthermore, this study analyses two strategies in which the BOAS channel is introduced or not. We build a game-theoretic model to analyse the impact of the BOAS channel on firms’ optimal decisions, profits and consumer surplus. The findings demonstrate that implementing the BOAS channel in some circumstances will reduce the total demand for the product, although it may increase demand from professional or amateur consumers independently. Moreover, introducing the BOAS channel has various effects on the firm and consumer surplus depending on some critical parameters, including the distribution of consumer types and product handling costs. Particularly, a larger proportion of professional consumers can incentivise firms to adopt the BOAS channel, while higher handling or travelling costs may lead firms to avoid its use. In terms of consumer surplus, although the introduction of BOAS channels appears to enhance amateur consumers’ experience, it may hurt the total consumer surplus in some cases. Finally, we also discussed the impact of BOAS on sustainable operations and found that by centralising the final assembly or customisation of products, the introduction of the BOAS channel can optimise the use of resources, reduce material wastage and improve efficiency. This study significantly contributes to the existing body of knowledge by elucidating the nuanced effects of BOAS on firm strategies and sustainability, providing actionable insights for practitioners navigating the complex omni-channel landscape.
{"title":"Effects of the buy-online-and-assemble-in-store approach: Implications for firms, consumers, and environment","authors":"Guanxiang Zhang, Xiangzhen Meng, Lipan Feng, Qi Kou","doi":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susoc.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The buy-online-and-assemble-in-store (BOAS) approach has been implemented by different contemporary firms (i.e. IKEA and TUHU); however, the implications of BOAS for firms, consumers, and environment remain unclear. To fill this gap, this study considers a monopolistic firm selling products that require consumers’ post-processing assembly for effective use. Two distinct consumer segments exist in the market, including professional and amateur consumers, each with unique product needs and processing capabilities. Furthermore, this study analyses two strategies in which the BOAS channel is introduced or not. We build a game-theoretic model to analyse the impact of the BOAS channel on firms’ optimal decisions, profits and consumer surplus. The findings demonstrate that implementing the BOAS channel in some circumstances will reduce the total demand for the product, although it may increase demand from professional or amateur consumers independently. Moreover, introducing the BOAS channel has various effects on the firm and consumer surplus depending on some critical parameters, including the distribution of consumer types and product handling costs. Particularly, a larger proportion of professional consumers can incentivise firms to adopt the BOAS channel, while higher handling or travelling costs may lead firms to avoid its use. In terms of consumer surplus, although the introduction of BOAS channels appears to enhance amateur consumers’ experience, it may hurt the total consumer surplus in some cases. Finally, we also discussed the impact of BOAS on sustainable operations and found that by centralising the final assembly or customisation of products, the introduction of the BOAS channel can optimise the use of resources, reduce material wastage and improve efficiency. This study significantly contributes to the existing body of knowledge by elucidating the nuanced effects of BOAS on firm strategies and sustainability, providing actionable insights for practitioners navigating the complex omni-channel landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101201,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Operations and Computers","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.susoc.2025.03.003
Zhonghua Ma, Rufei Li
Fresh food waste represents both a market inefficiency and an environmental failure. While packaging can reduce losses or waste of fresh products, it also contributes to carbon emissions. This study constructs a mathematical model that comprehensively considers fresh product loss rates, consumer attitudes, packaging costs, and related investment decisions to explore the impact of different packaging strategies on loss reduction, profit, and sustainability in the fresh agricultural products supply chain. Our research delves into the optimal packaging strategy through comparative analysis, resulting in the following key points: (1) The NP strategy leads to higher loss rates and lower profits. (2) When packaging costs are properly controlled, both the SP and RP strategies can enhance profits while increasing demand and extending supply duration, contributing positively to social sustainability. (3) Regarding environmental sustainability, the NP strategy results in the least carbon emissions when the loss rate is very low, while the SP strategy is suitable for long supply chains and high loss rates, and the RP strategy is appropriate for products with significant demand fluctuations and high value.
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