The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter最新文献

Morton Peppercorn (not his real name, but it was memorably unique) was a graduate student therapist whose story was told during my doctoral training. Morton worked hard with one client struggling with depression. In time, the client's symptoms improved, and Morton inquired about what had made the difference. Was it the cognitive restructuring? Behavioral activation? “No,” said the client. “I noticed one day that you had a hole in your shoe. I realized that if this guy has a hole in his shoe, then maybe my life isn't so bad in comparison.”

A key study looking at the association between cannabis use and acute psychosis and schizophrenia, focuses on cause. The link has been well described. But the causal link, until now, has not been shown in a meta-analysis.

More than 18 million children in the United States have a parent with a substance use disorder (SUD). The study, based on the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), is by Sean Esteban McCabe, Ph.D. and colleagues. The authors are with the University of Michigan Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking, and Health. (The Trump Administration fired all staffers at NSDUH in March, so this kind of information will no longer be available.)

Among several possibly distressing statements from the federal government this spring about autism, the one calling for a registry of people with the disorder probably struck the most fear among parents. What would happen to their children if there were, as the federal Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) called it, a “data platform” to focus on the “root causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).” HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., said “We're pulling back the curtain — with full transparency and accountability — to deliver the honest answers families have waited far too long to hear.”

Last month, I highlighted several questions regarding transgender youth. The issues can be complex; I believe we need to continue to ask questions and answer them with rigorous science, personal dialogue, and reflection. This month I consider how mental health care intersects with transgender youth (as before, I am using this as an umbrella term for all non-cisgender youth).

Urine drug screening (UDS) policies that have been updated, combined with clinical decision support, may reduce racially biased reporting to child protective services (CPS) during prenatal and postnatal care and labor and delivery. The key is to remove isolated cannabis use and limited prenatal care as an automatic order for urine drug screening, according to a recent study. The researchers found that updating the policy was associated with a significant reduction in racial disparities in both urine drug testing and reporting to CPS.

“Transgender is an umbrella terms for persons whose gender identity, gender expression or behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.” So begins a valuable information piece from the American Psychological Association (APA). The word “transsexual” is outdated, according to the APA Style guide, but it should be used for an individual who claims it. “Transgender” is the more common term, and the shorthand is “trans.”

Children's partial hospitalization programs offer an encompassing approach to treatment for patients presenting with a range of needs. In an effort to organize the treatment approach and environmental stressors impacting children, we have looked into modifying known frameworks. One such framework is the Psychological Mediation Framework (PMF). Developed by Hatzenbuehler, the framework suggests that stigma-related stressors trigger maladaptive psychological processes which exacerbate and maintain psychopathology. Hatzenbuehler organized these maladaptive psychological processes into three categories: cognitive; social and interpersonal; and coping and emotion regulation. He argues that this framework helps to explain what mediates the relationship between stigma, such as discrimination, and psychopathology (Figure 1). Despite this framework originally created for LGBTQ+ adults and only used with non-clinical contexts, “these psychological processes … are not unique to LGBT persons but may be experienced by anyone. For instance, chronic stress exposure (e.g., from stigma) may reduce one's capacity for adaptive coping and may increase maladaptive coping strategies by contributing to emotion regulation deficits. This framework does not claim that cognitive, social, and coping deficits are indicative of a psychiatric disorder. Rather, challenges in all three areas make it more likely that a full diagnosis would be present. We propose that the PMF could be a useful model for providers in partial hospitalization programs (PHPs) in designing treatment plans. Mental health providers outside of partial programs could use this visual to explain to families the integrative nature of PHPs. This could further be used as a self-evaluative tool for children's PHPs structured similarly to ours through Bradley Hospital in East Greenwich, RI.

…using hippocampal measures to investigate BD risk

…how trauma and adverse family environment may cause IED

…3 CBT techniques for managing ADHD