Transport Economics and Management最新文献_第5页

The effectiveness of autonomous public transport systems in densely populated urban areas 人口稠密城市地区自主公共交通系统的有效性

Transport Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.team.2024.11.004

Maksim Gusev, Shane Gilroy

This paper presents an in-depth analysis and comparison of technologies for autonomous transport systems, focusing on logistical considerations, economic factors, and overall outcomes. The study evaluates various scenarios, including manned and autonomous ground vehicles, as well as infrastructure solutions, to provide insights into their operational efficiency and economic viability.

In the logistical comparison, findings indicate that autonomous and manned ground vehicles operate within similar logistical frameworks but offer different operational flexibilities. Autonomous systems demonstrate potential advantages in adaptability to changing passenger needs and risk reduction through sensor-based navigation. Additionally, deploying autonomous infrastructure solutions shows promising results in reducing cycle time (-43 % to ground manned/autonomous vehicles) and increasing technical speed (+57 % to ground manned/autonomous vehicles), especially in strained infrastructure environments.

The economic comparison reveals challenges in assessing the cost-effectiveness of autonomous solutions due to a lack of pricing data. While the automation of public transport vehicles incurs higher capital (e.g. 33 % increase for autonomous buses vs manned) and operational expenditures (e.g. 60 % increase for autonomous buses vs manned), autonomous systems offer benefits such as continuous operation and reduced idle time. Investments in infrastructure solutions present opportunities to diversify traffic flow and enhance the overall transportation system.

In conclusion, the autonomous transport system market requires increased transparency in pricing structures and technical maturity. Successful deployment depends on thorough demand studies and compatibility analyses with existing infrastructure. Innovative approaches like autonomous monorails or suspended Light Rail Transit (LRT) offer scalability, efficiency, and reduced environmental impact. Integrating predictive maintenance systems and advanced fleet management enhances reliability and service quality. Fostering transparency, embracing innovation, and implementing robust management systems are crucial for the successful integration of autonomous transport systems into urban environments.

本文对自主运输系统技术进行了深入分析和比较，重点关注后勤考虑因素、经济因素和总体结果。研究评估了各种方案，包括有人驾驶和自动驾驶地面车辆，以及基础设施解决方案，以深入了解其运营效率和经济可行性。在后勤比较方面，研究结果表明，自动驾驶和有人驾驶地面车辆在类似的后勤框架内运行，但具有不同的运营灵活性。自主系统在适应不断变化的乘客需求和通过传感器导航降低风险方面具有潜在优势。此外，部署自主基础设施解决方案在减少周期时间（与地面载人/自主车辆相比减少 43%）和提高技术速度（与地面载人/自主车辆相比提高 57%）方面显示出良好的效果，尤其是在基础设施紧张的环境中。由于缺乏定价数据，经济比较显示出在评估自主解决方案的成本效益方面存在挑战。虽然公共交通车辆的自动化会产生更高的资本支出（例如，自动驾驶公交车与有人驾驶公交车相比增加了 33%）和运营支出（例如，自动驾驶公交车与有人驾驶公交车相比增加了 60%），但自动驾驶系统具有连续运行和减少空闲时间等优点。总之，自主运输系统市场需要提高定价结构和技术成熟度的透明度。成功部署取决于全面的需求研究和与现有基础设施的兼容性分析。自主单轨或悬挂式轻轨（LRT）等创新方法具有可扩展性、高效性并可减少对环境的影响。整合预测性维护系统和先进的车队管理可提高可靠性和服务质量。提高透明度、拥抱创新和实施强大的管理系统对于将自主运输系统成功融入城市环境至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Adoption of electric vehicles: An empirical study of consumers’ intentions 电动汽车的采用：消费者意向实证研究

Transport Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.team.2024.11.001

Apurva Pamidimukkala , Sharareh Kermanshachi , Jay Michael Rosenberger , Greg Hladik

Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely recognized within the transportation industry as highly promising green technology that mitigates carbon dioxide emissions and high energy usage. The public, however, has demonstrated great hesitancy in embracing EVs, and it’s important to learn why this is so. This study employed an integrative approach to personality traits, beliefs, and intentions to understand consumers’ willingness or unwillingness to adopt EVs. The first step in this endeavor was to develop and distribute a survey to gain insight into what potential consumers see as EVs’ major advantages and disadvantages. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed on the 743 responses that were collected from the survey, and the results show that personal innovativeness, usefulness, and ease of use positively impact individual’s intentions to acquire an EV; risk was shown to be the most negative influence. A mediation analysis indicated that a person’s level of innovativeness influences their decision about whether or not to adopt an EV. These findings will add to the body of research on sustainable mobility and will equip policymakers and marketers with a deeper understanding of the public’s perceptions of EVs that will enable them to design effective marketing tools that will result in increased sales.

电动汽车（EV）是交通行业公认的极具前景的绿色技术，可以减少二氧化碳排放，降低能源消耗。然而，公众在接受电动汽车方面却表现出极大的犹豫，了解其中的原因非常重要。本研究采用人格特质、信念和意向的综合方法来了解消费者是否愿意采用电动汽车。这项工作的第一步是编制和分发一份调查问卷，以深入了解潜在消费者眼中电动汽车的主要优势和劣势。结果表明，个人创新性、实用性和易用性对个人购买电动汽车的意愿有积极影响；而风险则是最消极的影响因素。中介分析表明，个人的创新水平会影响其是否采用电动汽车的决定。这些研究结果将为有关可持续交通的研究增添新的内容，并使政策制定者和营销人员更深入地了解公众对电动汽车的看法，从而设计出有效的营销工具，提高电动汽车的销量。

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引用次数: 0

Is green transportation efficiency the panacea for alleviating carbon lock-in? The case of China 绿色运输效率是缓解碳锁定的灵丹妙药吗？中国案例

Transport Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.team.2024.10.001

Congyu Zhao , Kun Wang

The development of green transportation is crucial for creating a low-carbon roadmap in the transportation sector. We calculate the efficiency of green transportation in China and then examine its effect on carbon lock-in. The asymmetric nexus between green transportation efficiency and carbon lock-in is investigated, and the moderating and mediating effects are also examined. Our results indicate that (1) green transportation efficiency is effective in reducing carbon lock-in and promoting a low-carbon transition; (2) The relationship between green transportation efficiency and carbon lock-in is asymmetric, with green transportation efficiency having a stronger effect in areas with lower levels of carbon lock-in. (3) Environmental regulation can contribute to the eradication of carbon lock-in and strengthen the effect of green transportation efficiency, showing significant a moderating effect. (4) Green transportation efficiency indirectly affects carbon lock-in by promoting energy consumption efficiency and renewable energy development.

发展绿色交通对于制定交通领域的低碳路线图至关重要。我们计算了中国绿色交通的效率，然后研究了其对碳锁定的影响。研究了绿色交通效率与碳锁定之间的非对称关系，并探讨了其调节和中介效应。结果表明：（1）绿色交通效率能有效减少碳锁定，促进低碳转型；（2）绿色交通效率与碳锁定之间的关系是不对称的，在碳锁定水平较低的地区，绿色交通效率的影响更大。(3）环境规制有助于消除碳锁定，加强绿色交通效率的效果，具有显著的调节作用。(4) 绿色交通效率通过促进能源消耗效率和可再生能源发展间接影响碳锁定。

引用次数: 0

Impact of port integration on port service quality in the context of shipping alliance 航运联盟背景下港口一体化对港口服务质量的影响

Transport Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.team.2024.09.009

Shanhua Wu , Zhongzhen Yang

This paper explores the impact of port integration on the port service quality under a chain structure where the interactions among ports, shippers and shipping lines are considered. A game theoretic framework is proposed to investigate the decisions of ports (the determination of quality-of-service level), shippers (the choice of departure ports) and shipping lines (whether forming an alliance and the corresponding operating arrangement) jointly. Based on the game theoretic framework, the mathematical models are established and the corresponding solution algorithm is designed. The methodology is applied in two representative port clusters with port integration in China. The case-study results demonstrate two important findings. Firstly, both positive and negative impact of port integration on the level of quality-of-service for shippers and for shipping lines is likely to appear. The effect on the port service quality would vary with the difference in the integration scenarios. Secondly, the port integration would stimulate shipping lines to offer more frequent portcalls, indicating that the hinterland shippers would enjoy more opportunities to be served by shipping lines. However, when excessive port integration takes place, the shipping lines would tend to change the strategy of forming an alliance to the strategy of competing.

本文探讨了在考虑港口、托运人和船公司之间相互作用的连锁结构下，港口一体化对港口服务质量的影响。本文提出了一个博弈论框架来研究港口（服务质量水平的确定）、托运人（启运港的选择）和船公司（是否结成联盟及相应的运营安排）的共同决策。基于博弈论框架，建立了数学模型，并设计了相应的求解算法。该方法被应用于中国两个具有代表性的港口集群。案例研究结果表明了两个重要结论。首先，港口一体化对托运人和航运公司的服务质量水平可能会产生积极和消极的影响。对港口服务质量的影响会随着整合方案的不同而变化。其次，港口一体化会刺激船公司提供更频繁的靠港服务，这表明腹地托运人将有更多机会得到船公司的服务。然而，当港口过度一体化时，船公司会倾向于将结盟战略转变为竞争战略。

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引用次数: 0

On the relationship between air connectivity and economic development: A comparative analysis of inequality evolution for 2000–2019 航空互联互通与经济发展之间的关系：2000-2019 年不平等演变的比较分析

Transport Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.team.2024.09.006

Xiaoqian Sun , Sebastian Wandelt , Anming Zhang

Throughout the past decades, aviation has experienced a tremendous growth of passenger and cargo demand. This growth may come with problems however, when considering the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2015, particularly those related to the sustainable and fair use of resources and reduction of inequalities among countries. This study discusses the air connectivity inequalities of countries from various perspectives, covering topology-based and schedule-based connectivity indicators. We focus on the connectivity changes of countries between the years 2000 and 2019, i.e., before the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that our aviation system is dominated by a few highly-developed countries in Western Europe and Northern America. While this dominance is gradually weakened, mainly due to the emergence of aviation hubs in the Middle East and the role of China as a hub in Asia, there need to be more efforts towards a homogeneous aviation infrastructure. Moreover, the flight connectivity between countries appears to be correlated to the Human Development Index growth value, but not significantly correlated with the potential travel demand between countries. Finally, detailed analysis on network-induced inequalities of connectivity reveal that countries are most unequally distributed concerning betweenness centrality but most equally according to closeness centrality. We believe that our study contributes towards a better understanding of sustainable aviation planning and raises important policy issues concerning the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals.

过去几十年来，航空客运和货运需求大幅增长。然而，考虑到联合国在 2015 年制定的可持续发展目标，尤其是与可持续和公平利用资源以及减少国家间不平等有关的目标，这种增长可能会带来一些问题。本研究从不同角度讨论了各国航空互联互通的不平等问题，涵盖了基于拓扑结构和基于时间表的互联互通指标。我们重点研究了 2000 年至 2019 年（即 COVID-19 大流行影响之前）各国的连通性变化。结果表明，我们的航空系统由西欧和北美的几个高度发达的国家主导。虽然这种主导地位正在逐渐削弱，主要原因是中东航空枢纽的出现以及中国作为亚洲航空枢纽的作用，但仍需进一步努力实现航空基础设施的同质化。此外，国家间的航班连通性似乎与人类发展指数的增长值相关，但与国家间潜在的旅行需求并无明显关联。最后，对网络引起的连通性不平等进行的详细分析显示，各国之间的中心度分布最不平等，但接近中心度分布最平等。我们相信，我们的研究有助于更好地理解可持续航空规划，并提出了有关实现可持续发展目标的重要政策问题。

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引用次数: 0

Lessons from the implementation of Threat and Error Management: A case study of the Australian general aviation 从实施威胁和错误管理中汲取的经验教训：澳大利亚通用航空案例研究

Transport Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.team.2024.09.007

Seung Yong Lee , Paul Bates , Patrick Murray , Yahua Zhang

Threat and Error Management (TEM) is one of recent safety initiatives to further improve the overall aviation safety level. In response to the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) for TEM to be introduced to all pilot training syllabi, the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) in Australia mandated TEM as an additional assessment item for various levels of flight tests and ground examinations in 2009. The current study adopted a two-pronged approach: A case study to highlight the importance of TEM training, followed by gaining an in-depth appreciation as to how TEM was implemented and its effects of the use of TEM training. A semi-structured interview of five highly experienced general aviation Flight Examiners (FE) was conducted, and thematic analysis was performed for the interview data from which four main themes emerged: 1) Impracticality; 2) Lack of guidance and support; 3) TEM implementation; and 4) TEM in practice. All participants shared the same view that TEM was not implemented well. It is expected that the findings from this study add to the body of knowledge to better inform and provide guidance and reference for National Aviation Authorities (NAA) to develop an implementation plan when considering the implementation of TEM training in their regulatory framework. Our study highlights a notable disconnect in CASA’s operational workforce’s grasp of TEM, impacting trust in the general aviation sector in its significance and application. It should be also noted that since our study, to address this and foster innovation in safety projects, CASA has initiated comprehensive strategies such as workforce planning and actively engaging in Technical Working Groups (TWGs) to harness community expertise for safety improvements. Nevertheless, the findings have the potential to provide information regarding pilot attitudes to future safety initiatives in other rapidly growing sectors such as Recreational Aviation (RA) and Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS).

威胁与失误管理（TEM）是近期进一步提高整体航空安全水平的安全举措之一。为响应国际民用航空组织（ICAO）关于在所有飞行员培训大纲中引入 TEM 的建议，澳大利亚民航安全局（CASA）于 2009 年规定将 TEM 作为各级飞行测试和地面考试的附加评估项目。本研究采用了双管齐下的方法：首先进行案例研究，强调 TEM 培训的重要性，然后深入了解如何实施 TEM 以及使用 TEM 培训的效果。研究人员对五名经验丰富的通用航空飞行考试员（FE）进行了半结构化访谈，并对访谈数据进行了主题分析，从中发现了四大主题：1）不切实际；2）缺乏指导和支持；3）TEM 的实施；4）TEM 的实践。所有参与者都认为 TEM 没有得到很好的实施。我们希望本研究的结果能够为国家航空管理局（NAA）在考虑在其监管框架内实施 TEM 培训时制定实施计划提供更好的信息、指导和参考。我们的研究突出表明，CASA的业务人员对TEM的掌握明显脱节，影响了通用航空部门对其意义和应用的信任。还应该指出的是，自我们的研究以来，为了解决这一问题并促进安全项目的创新，CASA 已经启动了全面的战略，如劳动力规划和积极参与技术工作组 (TWG)，以利用社区的专业知识来改善安全状况。尽管如此，研究结果仍有可能为其他快速发展的领域（如休闲航空（RA）和遥控飞机系统（RPAS））的飞行员对未来安全举措的态度提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Dependence structure between energy uncertainty index and airlines stocks returns and volatility: A short communication 能源不确定性指数与航空公司股票收益和波动之间的依赖结构：简短交流

Transport Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.team.2024.09.008

Yifei Cai , Yahua Zhang , Tsangyao Chang

This study evaluates the performance of interlinks between energy uncertainty index and airlines stock returns and volatility by applying the wavelet coherence analytical methodology. For stock returns, American Airlines exhibits notable lead-lag effects, while Air China and Air France show varied patterns. In terms of volatility, American Airlines' volatility aligns with energy uncertainty across phases. Air France's volatility both leads and lags, and Air China shows minimal co-variation. The policy implications are provided at the end of the study.

本研究通过应用小波相干性分析方法，评估了能源不确定性指数与航空公司股票收益率和波动率之间相互联系的性能。在股票收益率方面，美国航空公司表现出明显的领先-滞后效应，而中国国际航空公司和法国航空公司则表现出不同的模式。在波动性方面，美国航空的波动性与各阶段的能源不确定性一致。法国航空公司的波动性既领先又滞后，而中国国际航空公司则表现出最小的共变性。研究报告的最后提出了政策影响。

引用次数: 0

Enabling role of policies to make public charging infrastructure development viable in an Indian city: A modelling-based analysis 印度城市公共充电基础设施发展政策的扶持作用：基于模型的分析

Transport Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.team.2024.09.005

Shyamasis Das

The present paper is concerned with shedding light on the financial viability of setting up public charging infrastructure in a range of implementation situations in an Indian city and the possible role of policies and regulations to make charging business attractive. The nascency of the electric mobility sector and its fast-evolving technological landscape along with possibility of different charging use-cases make it difficult to templatize the financial evaluation of charging business. With the help of a publicly available peer-reviewed financial tool which has been specifically developed to analyze the possible financial outcome of an investment in public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) in Indian context, the study examines the business attractiveness of setting up a public charging station in four unique use-cases such as charging at public parking, destination charging, on-the-go charging, and shared workplace charging. The study employs Project Internal Rate of Return as the primary financial yardstick that is being benchmarked with a hurdle rate or target rate of return to make the evaluation as objective as possible. The financial modelling aptly captures the dynamics of India’s EV charging market by considering the possible variations in charging infrastructure configuration, electricity tariffs and regulations, provision for land rental, charging fees and other such factors. It further demystifies the potential impact of key variables on a project’s business case. This research would help design policies, regulations, support mechanisms and terms of reference for public charging infrastructure projects in the country. Policymakers, implementing authorities, regulators, potential investors, and financial institutions are expected to benefit from the analyses.

本文旨在阐明在印度城市的各种实施情况下建立公共充电基础设施的财务可行性，以及政策和法规在提高充电业务吸引力方面可能发挥的作用。由于电动汽车行业刚刚起步，技术发展迅速，而且可能存在不同的充电用途，因此很难对充电业务的财务评估进行模板化。本研究借助公开的同行评审财务工具，专门分析了在印度投资电动汽车（EV）公共充电基础设施可能产生的财务结果，研究了在公共停车场充电、目的地充电、移动充电和共享工作场所充电等四种独特使用情况下建立公共充电站的商业吸引力。该研究采用项目内部收益率作为主要的财务衡量标准，并以阈值收益率或目标收益率作为基准，使评估尽可能客观。财务模型通过考虑充电基础设施配置、电价和法规、土地租金、充电费用等因素的可能变化，恰当地捕捉到了印度电动汽车充电市场的动态。它进一步揭示了关键变量对项目商业案例的潜在影响。这项研究将有助于为该国的公共充电基础设施项目设计政策、法规、支持机制和职权范围。预计政策制定者、实施机构、监管机构、潜在投资者和金融机构将从分析中受益。

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引用次数: 0

Blockchain, IoT and AI in logistics and transportation: A systematic review 物流和运输中的区块链、物联网和人工智能：系统回顾

Transport Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.team.2024.09.002

Zineb Kamal Idrissi , Mohamed Lachgar , Hamid Hrimech

Delivering the finest products to consumers at the optimal time, in the perfect location, at the right price, and with the highest quality - these are well-known requirements for logistics and transportation. However, in a dynamic context, it is getting more difficult to achieve these needs. There is a transition from traditional to smart supply chains. The highly dynamic logistics market and the complexity of supply chains require new methods, and services. Aspects such as flexibility, adaptability and traceability are becoming more important and can only be accomplished through the integration of new technologies, especially Blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence( AI). Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a systematic review of the academic literature on Blockchain, IoT and AI in the context of Smart Logistics.

在最佳时间、最佳地点、以合适的价格、最高的质量向消费者提供最优质的产品--这些都是众所周知的物流和运输要求。然而，在动态环境中，实现这些要求变得越来越困难。传统供应链正在向智能供应链过渡。高度动态的物流市场和供应链的复杂性需要新的方法和服务。灵活性、适应性和可追溯性等方面变得越来越重要，只有通过整合新技术，特别是区块链和物联网（IoT）以及人工智能（AI）才能实现。因此，本文旨在对智能物流背景下有关区块链、物联网和人工智能的学术文献进行系统综述。

引用次数: 0

Impact of airline social media marketing on purchase intention:Evidence from China using PLS-SEM 航空公司社交媒体营销对购买意向的影响：运用 PLS-SEM 分析中国的证据

Transport Economics and Management

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.team.2024.09.003

Liyi Xia , Yuchao Xu , Yahua Zhang , Hongwei Jiang , Bo Cui

Social media has emerged as a pivotal marketing instrument and a platform that facilitates connections between consumers and businesses. In the intense market competition among peer airlines and high-speed rail services, the effective and efficient use of social media can provide a competitive edge for airlines in China. This paper constructs a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and examines the impact of the perceived ease of use of the social media platform, perceived usefulness of information, and marketing strategies on customer perceived value and purchase intention for Chinese airlines using multigroup analysis. The results suggest that social media marketing can positively influence on customers’ purchase intention, and perceived value plays a mediating role between social media marketing and customers’ purchase intention. Perceived usefulness of information is the most important factor contributing to the perceived value of airline products while marketing strategy is the most significant factor that can increase purchase intention. The research indicates a clear need to tailor marketing strategies for passengers based on factors such as gender, income, social media usage, and travel frequency.

社交媒体已成为一种举足轻重的营销工具，是促进消费者与企业之间联系的平台。在同业航空公司和高铁服务的激烈市场竞争中，有效和高效地利用社交媒体可以为中国的航空公司提供竞争优势。本文构建了偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM），并采用多组分析法研究了中国航空公司的社交媒体平台易用性感知、信息有用性感知和营销策略对顾客感知价值和购买意向的影响。结果表明，社交媒体营销能对顾客的购买意向产生积极影响，而感知价值在社交媒体营销和顾客购买意向之间起着中介作用。信息的有用性是影响航空公司产品感知价值的最重要因素，而营销策略则是提高购买意向的最重要因素。研究表明，显然有必要根据性别、收入、社交媒体使用情况和旅行频率等因素为乘客量身定制营销策略。

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引用次数: 0