Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100167
Alla V. Vavilina , Anna V. Loseva , Anna A. Firsova
<div><div>Since 2022, the geopolitical situation on a global scale has been making its adjustments and changes to the pricing and structure of the energy supply system, forcing countries to adjust the structure of their energy industry, re-examine foreign trade flows of energy products, and develop solutions regarding the level of energy consumption in enterprise sectors and households. This issue is particularly acute for China, as a country with a rapidly developing economy and high energy consumption needs. However, in addition to external factors, China also faces internal challenges for the energy sector. These factors include, for example, interregional imbalance in domestic production and energy consumption, the need for maximum decarbonization of the energy industry and transition to green and low-carbon energy, and its high-quality development. The significance of such internal factors is confirmed by the recent energy crisis in China, which manifested itself sharply in 2021. In this article, we analyze the internal energy problems of China, primarily in the context of interregional imbalances that have been emerging during the period 2000–2021. Our general purpose is to conduct an analysis and identify the primary causes of the energy shortage in the Chinese economy as well as the regional disparities in its distribution. The following tasks have been solved: the evolution of the situation regarding electricity shortages in China between 2000 and 2020 have been investigated; the primary causes of the electricity shortage in China have been identified; the regional disparities in energy consumption, energy production, and the level of energy deficit in China's provinces have been assessed. As a final summary, the ways to overcome difficulties and improve the quality and stability of the Chinese energy sector have been analyzed as well as the main trends in the development of the energy sector of China after the 2021 energy deficit crisis have been identified. We used qualitative and quantitative analysis methods as research tools. Based on the qualitative analysis using logical generalization and systematization methods, we analyze ways to overcome difficulties and improve the quality and stability of China's energy industry, and identify the main trends in the development of China's energy industry that have taken place since the 2021 energy shortage crisis. Concurrently we propose an analytical approach consisting of a comprehensive assessment of the cross-provincial structure for key aspects of the country's energy system: energy production, processing and consumption. We assess structural changes in these parameters caused by both regional characteristics of the provinces and changes occurring in the Chinese economy. To achieve this task, we use a specific tool – the Salai index. The calculation results allowed us to identify key patterns in the production and consumption of coal-based electricity, which provides additional informati
{"title":"Analysis of regional energy efficiency and prospects for sustainable development of the energy sector in China","authors":"Alla V. Vavilina , Anna V. Loseva , Anna A. Firsova","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 2022, the geopolitical situation on a global scale has been making its adjustments and changes to the pricing and structure of the energy supply system, forcing countries to adjust the structure of their energy industry, re-examine foreign trade flows of energy products, and develop solutions regarding the level of energy consumption in enterprise sectors and households. This issue is particularly acute for China, as a country with a rapidly developing economy and high energy consumption needs. However, in addition to external factors, China also faces internal challenges for the energy sector. These factors include, for example, interregional imbalance in domestic production and energy consumption, the need for maximum decarbonization of the energy industry and transition to green and low-carbon energy, and its high-quality development. The significance of such internal factors is confirmed by the recent energy crisis in China, which manifested itself sharply in 2021. In this article, we analyze the internal energy problems of China, primarily in the context of interregional imbalances that have been emerging during the period 2000–2021. Our general purpose is to conduct an analysis and identify the primary causes of the energy shortage in the Chinese economy as well as the regional disparities in its distribution. The following tasks have been solved: the evolution of the situation regarding electricity shortages in China between 2000 and 2020 have been investigated; the primary causes of the electricity shortage in China have been identified; the regional disparities in energy consumption, energy production, and the level of energy deficit in China's provinces have been assessed. As a final summary, the ways to overcome difficulties and improve the quality and stability of the Chinese energy sector have been analyzed as well as the main trends in the development of the energy sector of China after the 2021 energy deficit crisis have been identified. We used qualitative and quantitative analysis methods as research tools. Based on the qualitative analysis using logical generalization and systematization methods, we analyze ways to overcome difficulties and improve the quality and stability of China's energy industry, and identify the main trends in the development of China's energy industry that have taken place since the 2021 energy shortage crisis. Concurrently we propose an analytical approach consisting of a comprehensive assessment of the cross-provincial structure for key aspects of the country's energy system: energy production, processing and consumption. We assess structural changes in these parameters caused by both regional characteristics of the provinces and changes occurring in the Chinese economy. To achieve this task, we use a specific tool – the Salai index. The calculation results allowed us to identify key patterns in the production and consumption of coal-based electricity, which provides additional informati","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100178
Xuefeng Bai , Junhui Li , Xiuli Fu , Min Xu , Yue Bai , Yangxin Su , Kunning Cui , Qingxia Xu , Zongbao Liu , Yuchen Liu
The coupling relationship between the thermal state and maturation during the geological historical period is critical for shale oil-gas exploration because their present distribution characteristics are not probably the same. In this study, the thermal–maturity history of the shale oil reservoir in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, was established, and their coupling relationship was analyzed using vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and apatite fission track (AFT) data. The results revealed that the Gulong Sag exhibits a high thermal state, with temperatures decreasing from central to peripheral regions. In contrast, the maturity of organic matter exhibits an opposite trend; for example, GY8 well in the central region has low temperatures but high maturity. The thermal–maturity history constructed using the Ro and AFT data indicates two critical developmental stages for shale oil reservoirs between 60 and 90 Ma: the late Mingshui and Nenjiang movement stages. The former stage had a considerably greater influence on shale reservoir formation than the latter stage, which accelerated organic matter maturation rapidly because of the greater burial depth and longer duration. Additionally, the Gulong Sag has a low height-to-width ratio, and the thermal state plane distribution characteristics are influenced to some extent by the concave–convex structures. Therefore, the thermal structure at the end of the Mingshui stage is particularly important, and high temperatures in concave areas are likely the most desirable areas for the formation of shale oil reservoirs during that period. This understanding can also guide shale oil exploration in regions with similar geological settings.
{"title":"Coupling thermal and maturity histories of the Gulong shale oil reservoir in the Songliao Basin: Insights from vitrinite reflectance and apatite fission track","authors":"Xuefeng Bai , Junhui Li , Xiuli Fu , Min Xu , Yue Bai , Yangxin Su , Kunning Cui , Qingxia Xu , Zongbao Liu , Yuchen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coupling relationship between the thermal state and maturation during the geological historical period is critical for shale oil-gas exploration because their present distribution characteristics are not probably the same. In this study, the thermal–maturity history of the shale oil reservoir in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, was established, and their coupling relationship was analyzed using vitrinite reflectance (<em>R</em>o) and apatite fission track (AFT) data. The results revealed that the Gulong Sag exhibits a high thermal state, with temperatures decreasing from central to peripheral regions. In contrast, the maturity of organic matter exhibits an opposite trend; for example, GY8 well in the central region has low temperatures but high maturity. The thermal–maturity history constructed using the <em>R</em>o and AFT data indicates two critical developmental stages for shale oil reservoirs between 60 and 90 Ma: the late Mingshui and Nenjiang movement stages. The former stage had a considerably greater influence on shale reservoir formation than the latter stage, which accelerated organic matter maturation rapidly because of the greater burial depth and longer duration. Additionally, the Gulong Sag has a low height-to-width ratio, and the thermal state plane distribution characteristics are influenced to some extent by the concave–convex structures. Therefore, the thermal structure at the end of the Mingshui stage is particularly important, and high temperatures in concave areas are likely the most desirable areas for the formation of shale oil reservoirs during that period. This understanding can also guide shale oil exploration in regions with similar geological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The implementation of solar energy in rural communities has emerged as a critical strategy for advancing multiple Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is limited understanding of how solar energy initiatives specifically contribute to achieving these goals in rural contexts. This systematic literature review addresses this gap by synthesizing findings from 35 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024. The study identifies key themes, methodologies, and geographic trends while highlighting the transformative role of solar energy in providing reliable, decentralized energy access. Findings demonstrate that solar energy systems enable economic empowerment, job creation, improved healthcare, and enhanced educational opportunities in rural areas. The review also emphasizes the importance of scalable models and integrated renewable energy solutions tailored for rural settings. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners aiming to leverage solar energy as a catalyst for sustainable development. Future research directions include advancements in solar technology, environmental impact assessments, and strategies to overcome barriers to adoption in underserved rural communities.
{"title":"Solar Energy Implementation in Rural Communities and Its Contributions to SDGs: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Meita Rumbayan , Jefrey Kindangen , Alwin Sambul , Sherwin Sompie , Jeffrey Cross","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of solar energy in rural communities has emerged as a critical strategy for advancing multiple Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is limited understanding of how solar energy initiatives specifically contribute to achieving these goals in rural contexts. This systematic literature review addresses this gap by synthesizing findings from 35 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024. The study identifies key themes, methodologies, and geographic trends while highlighting the transformative role of solar energy in providing reliable, decentralized energy access. Findings demonstrate that solar energy systems enable economic empowerment, job creation, improved healthcare, and enhanced educational opportunities in rural areas. The review also emphasizes the importance of scalable models and integrated renewable energy solutions tailored for rural settings. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners aiming to leverage solar energy as a catalyst for sustainable development. Future research directions include advancements in solar technology, environmental impact assessments, and strategies to overcome barriers to adoption in underserved rural communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100176
Konstantin Gomonov , Chrisna T. Permana , Chanel Tri Handoko
Hydrogen has emerged as a pivotal energy carrier in the global transition toward sustainable energy systems. This study analyses current trends, sectoral dynamics, and future demand projections for hydrogen, employing a multi-methodological framework that integrates Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) extrapolation, scenario-based modeling, and regional comparative analysis. By leveraging historical growth patterns of geothermal, bioenergy, and wind energy sectors in the European Union (EU), three hydrogen demand scenarios—Conservative (3.25 % CAGR), Moderate (8.33 % CAGR), and Optimistic (15.42 % CAGR)—are projected to 2050. Results indicate that global hydrogen demand could range from 18.8 to 381.3 million tonnes per year by 2050, depending on technological advancements, policy frameworks, and infrastructure investments. The transportation and industrial sectors are identified as critical drivers, while regional disparities highlight leadership from the EU, the U.S., and Asia-Pacific nations. The study underscores the necessity of coordinated policy, cost reduction in green hydrogen production, and infrastructure scalability to realize hydrogen's potential in decarbonizing energy systems.
{"title":"The growing demand for hydrogen: сurrent trends, sectoral analysis, and future projections","authors":"Konstantin Gomonov , Chrisna T. Permana , Chanel Tri Handoko","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen has emerged as a pivotal energy carrier in the global transition toward sustainable energy systems. This study analyses current trends, sectoral dynamics, and future demand projections for hydrogen, employing a multi-methodological framework that integrates Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) extrapolation, scenario-based modeling, and regional comparative analysis. By leveraging historical growth patterns of geothermal, bioenergy, and wind energy sectors in the European Union (EU), three hydrogen demand scenarios—Conservative (3.25 % CAGR), Moderate (8.33 % CAGR), and Optimistic (15.42 % CAGR)—are projected to 2050. Results indicate that global hydrogen demand could range from 18.8 to 381.3 million tonnes per year by 2050, depending on technological advancements, policy frameworks, and infrastructure investments. The transportation and industrial sectors are identified as critical drivers, while regional disparities highlight leadership from the EU, the U.S., and Asia-Pacific nations. The study underscores the necessity of coordinated policy, cost reduction in green hydrogen production, and infrastructure scalability to realize hydrogen's potential in decarbonizing energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100175
Chrisna T. Permana , Chanel Tri Handoko , Konstantin Gomonov
This research examines potential uses of hydrogen as an alternative energy source in Indonesia. Hydrogen presents a more environmentally friendly energy alternative with markedly reduced greenhouse gas emissions, leading the Indonesian government to align its interests with the worldwide excitement for hydrogen-based energy transitions within the sustainable development context. Nevertheless, despite its intriguing potential as an alternative fuel for transportation, industry, and power generation, pilot programs have demonstrated that hydrogen energy remains expensive and demands substantial advancements in technology. This study used a qualitative methodology, incorporating documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions within the actor-network theory framework, aimed to investigate the current positioning of hydrogen energy in Indonesia's policy pathways and to examine its potential and challenge. The findings indicate two primary insights: firstly, Indonesia's energy transformation is presently centered on formulating action plans and regulatory frameworks, with hydrogen seen as one of the proposed alternatives. The investigation of hydrogen's current progress through the actor-network theory framework has yielded two separate actor networks: the proponent network, consisting of the national government and the national oil company, and the opposing network, which encompasses academics, businesses, and industries.
{"title":"Hydrogen's potential and policy pathways for Indonesia's energy transition: The actor-network analysis","authors":"Chrisna T. Permana , Chanel Tri Handoko , Konstantin Gomonov","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examines potential uses of hydrogen as an alternative energy source in Indonesia. Hydrogen presents a more environmentally friendly energy alternative with markedly reduced greenhouse gas emissions, leading the Indonesian government to align its interests with the worldwide excitement for hydrogen-based energy transitions within the sustainable development context. Nevertheless, despite its intriguing potential as an alternative fuel for transportation, industry, and power generation, pilot programs have demonstrated that hydrogen energy remains expensive and demands substantial advancements in technology. This study used a qualitative methodology, incorporating documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions within the actor-network theory framework, aimed to investigate the current positioning of hydrogen energy in Indonesia's policy pathways and to examine its potential and challenge. The findings indicate two primary insights: firstly, Indonesia's energy transformation is presently centered on formulating action plans and regulatory frameworks, with hydrogen seen as one of the proposed alternatives. The investigation of hydrogen's current progress through the actor-network theory framework has yielded two separate actor networks: the proponent network, consisting of the national government and the national oil company, and the opposing network, which encompasses academics, businesses, and industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluates the potential for large-scale green hydrogen production in Indonesia by utilizing renewable energy sources connected on-grid, namely 50 MWp of solar panels and 35 MW of wind turbines, as well as a hybrid system combining both with a capacity of 45 MW at a grid cost of $100/kWh, in five strategic cities: Banyuwangi, Kupang, Bau-Bau, Banjarmasin, and Ambon. Using HOMER Pro software, various integrated energy system scenarios involving ion exchange membrane electrolysis and alkaline water electrolysis. Additionally, the study assumes a project lifespan of 15 years, a discount rate of 6.6 %, and an inflation rate of 2.54 %. The results showed that Bau-Bau recorded the highest hydrogen production, reaching more than 1.9 million kilograms per year, with the lowest levelized cost of hydrogen of $0.65/kg in Scheme 2. On the other hand, Kupang shows high costs for most schemes, with the levelized cost reaching $1.10/kg. In addition to hydrogen, the study also evaluated oxygen production as a by-product of electrolysis. Bau-Bau and Kupang recorded the highest oxygen production, with Scheme 6 achieving more than 15 million kilograms per year. The cost of electricity production varies between cities, with Banyuwangi having the lowest cost of electricity for wind energy at $80.9/MWh. The net present cost for renewable energy systems in Banyuwangi was $35.4 million for wind turbines, while the photovoltaic + wind combination showed the highest cost at $116 million. These findings emphasize the importance of hybrid systems in improving hydrogen production efficiency and supporting sustainable energy transition in Indonesia.
{"title":"Harnessing unconventional resources for large-scale green hydrogen production: An economic and technological analysis in Indonesia","authors":"Singgih Dwi Prasetyo , Yuki Trisnoaji , Zainal Arifin , Abram Anggit Mahadi","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the potential for large-scale green hydrogen production in Indonesia by utilizing renewable energy sources connected on-grid, namely 50 MWp of solar panels and 35 MW of wind turbines, as well as a hybrid system combining both with a capacity of 45 MW at a grid cost of $100/kWh, in five strategic cities: Banyuwangi, Kupang, Bau-Bau, Banjarmasin, and Ambon. Using HOMER Pro software, various integrated energy system scenarios involving ion exchange membrane electrolysis and alkaline water electrolysis. Additionally, the study assumes a project lifespan of 15 years, a discount rate of 6.6 %, and an inflation rate of 2.54 %. The results showed that Bau-Bau recorded the highest hydrogen production, reaching more than 1.9 million kilograms per year, with the lowest levelized cost of hydrogen of $0.65/kg in Scheme 2. On the other hand, Kupang shows high costs for most schemes, with the levelized cost reaching $1.10/kg. In addition to hydrogen, the study also evaluated oxygen production as a by-product of electrolysis. Bau-Bau and Kupang recorded the highest oxygen production, with Scheme 6 achieving more than 15 million kilograms per year. The cost of electricity production varies between cities, with Banyuwangi having the lowest cost of electricity for wind energy at $80.9/MWh. The net present cost for renewable energy systems in Banyuwangi was $35.4 million for wind turbines, while the photovoltaic + wind combination showed the highest cost at $116 million. These findings emphasize the importance of hybrid systems in improving hydrogen production efficiency and supporting sustainable energy transition in Indonesia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is concerned with study of surfactants' influence on the properties of developed hydrocarbon-based intensifying compositions, potentially applicable in complex reservoirs with a high content of rock-forming organic matter, including Bazhenov Formation (Western Siberia, Russia). These compositions consist of acetic acid, isopropanol, isopropyl acetate (product of the esterification reaction between acid and alcohol directly in the composition volume), and an aromatic solvent – composition base. Also, surfactants are important components of chemical compositions for rock treatments (for example, for acid treatments). Their presence promotes increasing of the detergency effect on hydrocarbon components and slows down the intense interaction of the acidic component of compositions with minerals. It is known that surfactants in solutions are inclined to micellization, furthermore, a hydrocarbon medium promotes the formation of reverse micelles. The most important function of such structures is their ability to have a reversible process of solubilization of polar components from solution into the core, making them inactive. It has a huge impact on the resultant content of compositions’ components and, as a result, on the final properties of these systems. Behavior of formed reverse micelles of different types of surfactants in compositions was studied by determining their interstructural and local transformations using the viscosimetry method under conditions of millimeter-scale pores. It has been shown that the features of local transformations of micelles influence the esterification reaction between acid and alcohol. It has been established that the amount of formed ester and functions of intensifying systems vary depending on the type and concentration of surfactant. The results obtained will help to realize a more accurate choice of composition formulations depending on the mineral composition of rocks and the content of various hydrocarbon compounds in rock-forming organic matter.
{"title":"Correlation between micellization and esterification processes in non-aqueous surfactant-containing compositions potentially applicable for organic-rich rocks treatments","authors":"Mikhail Aleksandrovich Silin, Lyubov Abdulaevna Magadova, Zaur Rastyamovich Davletov, Yuliya Zhanovna Vagapova","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article is concerned with study of surfactants' influence on the properties of developed hydrocarbon-based intensifying compositions, potentially applicable in complex reservoirs with a high content of rock-forming organic matter, including Bazhenov Formation (Western Siberia, Russia). These compositions consist of acetic acid, isopropanol, isopropyl acetate (product of the esterification reaction between acid and alcohol directly in the composition volume), and an aromatic solvent – composition base. Also, surfactants are important components of chemical compositions for rock treatments (for example, for acid treatments). Their presence promotes increasing of the detergency effect on hydrocarbon components and slows down the intense interaction of the acidic component of compositions with minerals. It is known that surfactants in solutions are inclined to micellization, furthermore, a hydrocarbon medium promotes the formation of reverse micelles. The most important function of such structures is their ability to have a reversible process of solubilization of polar components from solution into the core, making them inactive. It has a huge impact on the resultant content of compositions’ components and, as a result, on the final properties of these systems. Behavior of formed reverse micelles of different types of surfactants in compositions was studied by determining their interstructural and local transformations using the viscosimetry method under conditions of millimeter-scale pores. It has been shown that the features of local transformations of micelles influence the esterification reaction between acid and alcohol. It has been established that the amount of formed ester and functions of intensifying systems vary depending on the type and concentration of surfactant. The results obtained will help to realize a more accurate choice of composition formulations depending on the mineral composition of rocks and the content of various hydrocarbon compounds in rock-forming organic matter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100170
Bashar Mahmood Ali , Tariq J. Al-Musawi , Aymen Mohammed , Hassan Falah Fakhruldeen , Talib Munshid Hanoon , Azizbek Khurramov , Doaa H. Khalaf , Sameer Algburi
This study proposes a preventive maintenance and replacement strategy for photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems, addressing reliability as a key constraint. The research introduces a novel approach incorporating service age regression and failure rate increment factors to model PV equipment degradation. A flexible, non-periodic, and incomplete maintenance model is developed, optimizing maintenance cycles, pre-repair counts, and replacement schedules to balance maintenance costs and equipment availability. The model effectively mitigates the risks of over- or under-maintenance. Comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed strategy, with an optimal maintenance setting of 0.913, reduces average maintenance costs by 21.4 % and 6.22 % while increasing equipment availability by 0.2411 % and 0.03222 %, compared to an equal-cycle maintenance model without reliability constraints and a model that disregards equipment replacement thresholds. These findings highlight the model's effectiveness in ensuring high operational reliability and economic efficiency of PV plants. The study contributes a novel optimization framework that enhances PV system sustainability by integrating reliability-driven maintenance and replacement decisions. However, it does not consider component correlations within PV systems.
{"title":"Sustainable strategies for preventive maintenance and replacement in photovoltaic power systems: Enhancing reliability, efficiency, and system economy","authors":"Bashar Mahmood Ali , Tariq J. Al-Musawi , Aymen Mohammed , Hassan Falah Fakhruldeen , Talib Munshid Hanoon , Azizbek Khurramov , Doaa H. Khalaf , Sameer Algburi","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a preventive maintenance and replacement strategy for photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems, addressing reliability as a key constraint. The research introduces a novel approach incorporating service age regression and failure rate increment factors to model PV equipment degradation. A flexible, non-periodic, and incomplete maintenance model is developed, optimizing maintenance cycles, pre-repair counts, and replacement schedules to balance maintenance costs and equipment availability. The model effectively mitigates the risks of over- or under-maintenance. Comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed strategy, with an optimal maintenance setting of 0.913, reduces average maintenance costs by 21.4 % and 6.22 % while increasing equipment availability by 0.2411 % and 0.03222 %, compared to an equal-cycle maintenance model without reliability constraints and a model that disregards equipment replacement thresholds. These findings highlight the model's effectiveness in ensuring high operational reliability and economic efficiency of PV plants. The study contributes a novel optimization framework that enhances PV system sustainability by integrating reliability-driven maintenance and replacement decisions. However, it does not consider component correlations within PV systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100164
Collins N. Nwagu , Chika Oliver Ujah , Daramy V.V. Kallon , Victor S. Aigbodion
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Integrating solar and wind energy into electricity grid for improved power accessibility” [Unconvention. Resour. 5 (2025) 100129]","authors":"Collins N. Nwagu , Chika Oliver Ujah , Daramy V.V. Kallon , Victor S. Aigbodion","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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