Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100158
Svetlana Revinova, Inna Lazanyuk
The article analyzes the combination of the main components of sustainable development goals that affect energy transition with the principles of Internet project management. The main gaps in methodological approaches to achieving sustainable development goals and project management are identified. The business processes of the largest Internet projects of international companies Alibaba, Amazon, Yandex, aimed at achieving sustainable development goals are analyzed. Recommendations for Internet projects have been developed, which are systematized into 2 groups of business processes: related to online and offline components of the activity. The developed recommendations are aimed at the need for a deeper specification of the priorities and goals of the project. During the assessment of the developed recommendations, it was revealed that the proposals for managing an Internet project in the context of achieving sustainable development goals and energy transition are mainly aimed at ensuring the correct and effective operation of the main element of the electronic project – the platform (website, application). The recommendations developed are of a general nature for all project management and may differ and be modified depending on the scale of the project, the scope of activity, legislation, the presence of certain problems or prospects of the region of presence. However, the application of a number of such actions and measures will improve the sustainability of the project itself, reduce its impact on the environment, improve its reputation and increase competitiveness.
{"title":"Adopting internet project management to achieve sustainable development goals in the context of energy transition","authors":"Svetlana Revinova, Inna Lazanyuk","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article analyzes the combination of the main components of sustainable development goals that affect energy transition with the principles of Internet project management. The main gaps in methodological approaches to achieving sustainable development goals and project management are identified. The business processes of the largest Internet projects of international companies Alibaba, Amazon, Yandex, aimed at achieving sustainable development goals are analyzed. Recommendations for Internet projects have been developed, which are systematized into 2 groups of business processes: related to online and offline components of the activity. The developed recommendations are aimed at the need for a deeper specification of the priorities and goals of the project. During the assessment of the developed recommendations, it was revealed that the proposals for managing an Internet project in the context of achieving sustainable development goals and energy transition are mainly aimed at ensuring the correct and effective operation of the main element of the electronic project – the platform (website, application). The recommendations developed are of a general nature for all project management and may differ and be modified depending on the scale of the project, the scope of activity, legislation, the presence of certain problems or prospects of the region of presence. However, the application of a number of such actions and measures will improve the sustainability of the project itself, reduce its impact on the environment, improve its reputation and increase competitiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100165
Riadh Abdul Retha Abass , Hassan Falah Fakhruldeen , Omer Al-Dulaimi , Bashar Mahmood Ali , Azizbek Khurramov , Feryal Ibrahim Jabbar , Maha Barakat , Sameer Algburi
The study explores the critical need for adapting research structures to bolster sustainable action and addresses the incorporation of intergovernmental agencies on sustainability findings within a mission-driven approach. Sustainable change is an urgent global challenge requiring swift and comprehensive action. Traditional research structures often struggle to effectively address the complex and interconnected nature of sustainably issues hindering progress. This study proposes a mission-driven framework that aligns research efforts with an overarching goal of combating sustainable change. Integrating Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) findings, known for scientific rigor and consensus-based assessments, this approach ensures the incorporation of the latest and most reliable sustainability data. The study highlights the potential benefits of this approach, including enhanced policy development, informed decision-making, and greater public engagement. Emphasizing the significance of collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders, the mission-driven approach encourages a holistic understanding of sustainability challenges and fosters effective solutions for a more sustainable future.
{"title":"Reimagining research for renewable energy resources solutions: Integrating Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments for effective global action","authors":"Riadh Abdul Retha Abass , Hassan Falah Fakhruldeen , Omer Al-Dulaimi , Bashar Mahmood Ali , Azizbek Khurramov , Feryal Ibrahim Jabbar , Maha Barakat , Sameer Algburi","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study explores the critical need for adapting research structures to bolster sustainable action and addresses the incorporation of intergovernmental agencies on sustainability findings within a mission-driven approach. Sustainable change is an urgent global challenge requiring swift and comprehensive action. Traditional research structures often struggle to effectively address the complex and interconnected nature of sustainably issues hindering progress. This study proposes a mission-driven framework that aligns research efforts with an overarching goal of combating sustainable change. Integrating Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) findings, known for scientific rigor and consensus-based assessments, this approach ensures the incorporation of the latest and most reliable sustainability data. The study highlights the potential benefits of this approach, including enhanced policy development, informed decision-making, and greater public engagement. Emphasizing the significance of collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders, the mission-driven approach encourages a holistic understanding of sustainability challenges and fosters effective solutions for a more sustainable future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study evaluates the interconnections between renewable energy generation, hydrogen production, storage, and the operational demands of hydrogen co-fired gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plants for carbon-neutral energy production. Specifically, it assesses the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of producing green hydrogen from hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) sources in Dhi Qar, Iraq. The analysis considers three scenarios with varying hydrogen mole fractions (15 %, 30 %, and 50 %) co-fired with natural gas in a 570 MWe of the GTCC power plant, emitting 1.39 million tonnes of CO2 annually. Baseline renewable electricity generation capacities for solar PV and wind energy were set at 497.5, 970, and 2200.5 MWp, with hybrid PV/WT systems optimized to supply power to an alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE) with capacities of 180, 425, and 825 MWp, based on hourly weather data from 2023. Multi-objective simulations and optimizations were performed using HOMER Pro and ProSim software to minimize the net present cost (NPC), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), cost of hydrogen (COH), and CO2 emissions. Over the proposed 20-year project lifespan (2023–2043), green hydrogen production ranged from 12,082 to 54,442.9 tonnes annually, with a COH between $3.29 and $3.16 per kilogram, demonstrating the economic viability of large-scale hydrogen production. Hydrogen consumption in the GTCC fuel mixture ranged from 10,554.1 to 47,431 tonnes annually, reducing CO2 emissions by 67,864.3 to 310,831.4 tonnes annually. Additionally, natural gas use decreased by 5.22 %–29.1 %, yielding savings of $6.79 to $31.08 million from avoided CO2 emissions costs. However, despite the environmental and fuel cost benefits, the NPC for the green hydrogen project ranged from $412.9 million to $1.785 billion, and the LCOE for hydrogen co-combustion in the GTCC power plant ranged from $113.54 to $127.74 per MWh, compared to $107.93 per MWh for 100 % natural gas-based power generation.
{"title":"echno-economic and environmental evaluation of green hydrogen co-firing in a 570 MWe gas turbine combined cycle power plant in Iraq","authors":"Hassan Munther , Qusay Hassan , Aymen Mohammed , Talib Munshid Hanoon , Sameer Algburi","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study evaluates the interconnections between renewable energy generation, hydrogen production, storage, and the operational demands of hydrogen co-fired gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plants for carbon-neutral energy production. Specifically, it assesses the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of producing green hydrogen from hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) sources in Dhi Qar, Iraq. The analysis considers three scenarios with varying hydrogen mole fractions (15 %, 30 %, and 50 %) co-fired with natural gas in a 570 MWe of the GTCC power plant, emitting 1.39 million tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> annually. Baseline renewable electricity generation capacities for solar PV and wind energy were set at 497.5, 970, and 2200.5 MWp, with hybrid PV/WT systems optimized to supply power to an alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE) with capacities of 180, 425, and 825 MWp, based on hourly weather data from 2023. Multi-objective simulations and optimizations were performed using HOMER Pro and ProSim software to minimize the net present cost (NPC), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), cost of hydrogen (COH), and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Over the proposed 20-year project lifespan (2023–2043), green hydrogen production ranged from 12,082 to 54,442.9 tonnes annually, with a COH between $3.29 and $3.16 per kilogram, demonstrating the economic viability of large-scale hydrogen production. Hydrogen consumption in the GTCC fuel mixture ranged from 10,554.1 to 47,431 tonnes annually, reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 67,864.3 to 310,831.4 tonnes annually. Additionally, natural gas use decreased by 5.22 %–29.1 %, yielding savings of $6.79 to $31.08 million from avoided CO<sub>2</sub> emissions costs. However, despite the environmental and fuel cost benefits, the NPC for the green hydrogen project ranged from $412.9 million to $1.785 billion, and the LCOE for hydrogen co-combustion in the GTCC power plant ranged from $113.54 to $127.74 per MWh, compared to $107.93 per MWh for 100 % natural gas-based power generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100162
Jianbo Gao , Ningliang Sun , Bing Hao , Jianhua Zhong , Zhiwei Chen , Zhifeng Cao
The Xujiahe Formation sandstones in the northeast Sichuan Basin are an important tight gas reservoir. Mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical data were used to constrain the diagenesis and evolution of the reservoir quality. The Xujiahe sandstones are mainly classified as litharenite and feldspathic litharenite (lithofacies 1) and sublitharenite and quartz arenite (lithofacies 2). The clay mineral is dominated by illite and mixed-layer illite/smectite. The reservoir quality is poor, with a porosity of 0.1–5.6 % (average of 1.7 %) and permeability between 0.006–2.83 × 10−3 μm2 (average of 0.05 × 10−3 μm2). Sandstones develop a nanopore network with a strong heterogeneous pore structure and poor throat sorting. Intercrystalline micropores and microfractures are favorable pore types. The sandstones underwent significant diagenetic alterations and were dominated by mechanical compaction, volcanic ash alteration, authigenic clay minerals transformation, quartz and carbonate cementation, feldspar and rock fragment dissolution, and pressure dissolution. The diagenetic evolution enters the Telodiagenesis stage. The homogenization temperature (Th) of fluid inclusions within the calcite cement of lithofacies 1 is 102.7–198.2 °C, whereas it is 159.3–205.6 °C for lithofacies 2, indicating that lithofacies 1 experienced additional stages of carbonate cementation. The Th within quartz cement has high values. Lithofacies 1 is 102.4–209.7 °C, whereas lithofacies 2 is between 145.7 and 207.7 °C, indicating that pressure dissolution significantly decreased pore spaces in the late diagenetic stage. Depositional and diagenetic factors controlled reservoir quality. Good grain sorting and relatively big grain size are available for primary pore protection, whereas cementation evidently destroyed reservoir quality. Reservoir and porosity evolution processes indicate that lithofacies 2 has relatively good porosity. This study successfully improves the exploration and development efficiency of Xujiahe tight sandstone gas and can be applied to similar gas fields worldwide.
{"title":"Lithologic characteristics and reservoir evolution of tight sandstones in the upper Triassic Xujiahe formation, northeast Sichuan Basin, China","authors":"Jianbo Gao , Ningliang Sun , Bing Hao , Jianhua Zhong , Zhiwei Chen , Zhifeng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xujiahe Formation sandstones in the northeast Sichuan Basin are an important tight gas reservoir. Mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical data were used to constrain the diagenesis and evolution of the reservoir quality. The Xujiahe sandstones are mainly classified as litharenite and feldspathic litharenite (lithofacies 1) and sublitharenite and quartz arenite (lithofacies 2). The clay mineral is dominated by illite and mixed-layer illite/smectite. The reservoir quality is poor, with a porosity of 0.1–5.6 % (average of 1.7 %) and permeability between 0.006–2.83 × 10<sup>−3</sup> μm<sup>2</sup> (average of 0.05 × 10<sup>−3</sup> μm<sup>2</sup>). Sandstones develop a nanopore network with a strong heterogeneous pore structure and poor throat sorting. Intercrystalline micropores and microfractures are favorable pore types. The sandstones underwent significant diagenetic alterations and were dominated by mechanical compaction, volcanic ash alteration, authigenic clay minerals transformation, quartz and carbonate cementation, feldspar and rock fragment dissolution, and pressure dissolution. The diagenetic evolution enters the Telodiagenesis stage. The homogenization temperature (T<sub>h</sub>) of fluid inclusions within the calcite cement of lithofacies 1 is 102.7–198.2 °C, whereas it is 159.3–205.6 °C for lithofacies 2, indicating that lithofacies 1 experienced additional stages of carbonate cementation. The T<sub>h</sub> within quartz cement has high values. Lithofacies 1 is 102.4–209.7 °C, whereas lithofacies 2 is between 145.7 and 207.7 °C, indicating that pressure dissolution significantly decreased pore spaces in the late diagenetic stage. Depositional and diagenetic factors controlled reservoir quality. Good grain sorting and relatively big grain size are available for primary pore protection, whereas cementation evidently destroyed reservoir quality. Reservoir and porosity evolution processes indicate that lithofacies 2 has relatively good porosity. This study successfully improves the exploration and development efficiency of Xujiahe tight sandstone gas and can be applied to similar gas fields worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-15DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100157
Diana Pamela Chavarry Galvez, Svetlana Y. Revinova
This article examines key aspects of the energy transition as a pathway towards sustainable development in the Latin American region. The main directions of energy transition are highlighted, the role of alternative energy as a crucial driver is explored, and an analysis of progress towards energy transition goals in Latin America is presented. The study identifies challenges hindering the energy transition, including climate change, financial constraints, technological limitations, socio-economic disparities, and organizational barriers. To address these issues, the following measures are proposed: improving the institutional framework; strengthening policies to attract investment, particularly foreign direct investment in projects developing alternative energy sources, including within regional integration unions (MERCOSUR, the Andean Community, the Pacific Alliance, CELAC, etc.); addressing natural and climatic challenges through the construction of energy storage facilities; increasing the role of national banks in addressing investment gaps in renewable energy projects; and enhancing international cooperation in developing renewable energy sources, both at regional and global levels.
{"title":"Energy transition as a path to sustainable development in Latin American countries","authors":"Diana Pamela Chavarry Galvez, Svetlana Y. Revinova","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines key aspects of the energy transition as a pathway towards sustainable development in the Latin American region. The main directions of energy transition are highlighted, the role of alternative energy as a crucial driver is explored, and an analysis of progress towards energy transition goals in Latin America is presented. The study identifies challenges hindering the energy transition, including climate change, financial constraints, technological limitations, socio-economic disparities, and organizational barriers. To address these issues, the following measures are proposed: improving the institutional framework; strengthening policies to attract investment, particularly foreign direct investment in projects developing alternative energy sources, including within regional integration unions (MERCOSUR, the Andean Community, the Pacific Alliance, CELAC, etc.); addressing natural and climatic challenges through the construction of energy storage facilities; increasing the role of national banks in addressing investment gaps in renewable energy projects; and enhancing international cooperation in developing renewable energy sources, both at regional and global levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100154
Alexey V. Chernov, Victoria A. Chernova, Elena V. Kolganova
This article discusses the prioritization of key aspects of the digital transformation strategy for energy companies. In today's market, where competition is increasing, digitalization has become a crucial factor in improving the efficiency and competitiveness of businesses. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), developed by T. Saaty, we identify key elements of digitalization in the energy industry, such as big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and digital twins. Special attention is given to prioritizing strategic initiatives.
The study may be of interest to specialists in energy, business leaders, and anyone interested in digitalization and its impact on the energy sector's development. The findings of the study could be used to create digitalization strategies and assess the risks and opportunities associated with implementing digital technologies in energy companies and organizations.
{"title":"Prioritization of key areas of the digitalization strategy of energy complex enterprises based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)","authors":"Alexey V. Chernov, Victoria A. Chernova, Elena V. Kolganova","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article discusses the prioritization of key aspects of the digital transformation strategy for energy companies. In today's market, where competition is increasing, digitalization has become a crucial factor in improving the efficiency and competitiveness of businesses. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), developed by T. Saaty, we identify key elements of digitalization in the energy industry, such as big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and digital twins. Special attention is given to prioritizing strategic initiatives.</div><div>The study may be of interest to specialists in energy, business leaders, and anyone interested in digitalization and its impact on the energy sector's development. The findings of the study could be used to create digitalization strategies and assess the risks and opportunities associated with implementing digital technologies in energy companies and organizations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100156
Elieser Tarigan
This study investigates early operational defects in a 24.9 MWp solar PV system located in Sumatra, Indonesia, within its first two years of operation. The primary objective is to identify key issues affecting performance, reliability, and energy output. Field observations revealed several critical defects, with hotspot formation being the most dominant issue. Hotspots, caused by partial shading, cell mismatches, or module damage, result in excessive localized heating, leading to material degradation and significant power losses. Additional defects included glass cracking (282 cases), primarily linked to hotspots and mechanical impacts, and 350 cases of junction box failures due to improper sealing, which pose long-term risks of moisture ingress and diode malfunction. Instances of foggy or discolored glass (delamination) were also identified, reducing light transmission and overall efficiency. Shading from external objects and self-shading between PV arrays exacerbated these problems. The study highlights that half-cut modules outperform full-cell modules in mitigating hotspot risks due to their lower current per cell and enhanced bypass diode configuration. Reducing the number of modules per string further minimizes hotspot severity. Recommendations include regular maintenance, shading mitigation strategies, and optimized system design to enhance performance and reliability. These findings provide valuable insights for improving large-scale PV system durability in real-world conditions.
{"title":"Identification of early operational defects in photovoltaic modules: A case study of a 24.9 MWp solar PV system in Sumatra, Indonesia","authors":"Elieser Tarigan","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates early operational defects in a 24.9 MWp solar PV system located in Sumatra, Indonesia, within its first two years of operation. The primary objective is to identify key issues affecting performance, reliability, and energy output. Field observations revealed several critical defects, with hotspot formation being the most dominant issue. Hotspots, caused by partial shading, cell mismatches, or module damage, result in excessive localized heating, leading to material degradation and significant power losses. Additional defects included glass cracking (282 cases), primarily linked to hotspots and mechanical impacts, and 350 cases of junction box failures due to improper sealing, which pose long-term risks of moisture ingress and diode malfunction. Instances of foggy or discolored glass (delamination) were also identified, reducing light transmission and overall efficiency. Shading from external objects and self-shading between PV arrays exacerbated these problems. The study highlights that half-cut modules outperform full-cell modules in mitigating hotspot risks due to their lower current per cell and enhanced bypass diode configuration. Reducing the number of modules per string further minimizes hotspot severity. Recommendations include regular maintenance, shading mitigation strategies, and optimized system design to enhance performance and reliability. These findings provide valuable insights for improving large-scale PV system durability in real-world conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100152
Meilu Yu , Zhongwen Wang , Ying Xu , Yanhai Chang , Luyu Wang , Yulong Zhu
In this paper, the fractured rock samples with different dip angles of rock bridge are taken as the research object, and the freeze-thaw cycle test and uniaxial compression test are carried out successively. Combined with digital image correlation technology (DIC) and numerical simulation, the failure process of prefabricated fractured sandstone with different rock bridge dip angles was studied. The results show that the frost heaving force caused by freezing and thawing will cause irreversible damage to the rock sample. Especially at the tip of the prefabricated crack, macroscopic frost heaving cracks will occur. Frost heaving cracks can reduce the stress concentration at the crack tip, which leads to a decrease in tensile cracks during loading. With the increase of the inclination angle of the rock bridge, both the modulus and the peak stress show an inverted “spoon-shaped” trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The tensile effect of the frost heave force generated by the freeze-thaw process leads to the early development and expansion of the prefabricated cracks. Under the action of external load, according to the law of crack development, the failure mode of rock bridge can be divided into shear failure (S type), tensile failure (T type) and tensile-shear composite failure (M type). The relative displacement evolution curve of the characteristic points on both sides of the fracture surface is basically consistent with the evolution characteristics of the strain field. According to whether the x-direction and y-direction displacement curves of the feature points deviate from each other, the type of driving force of fracture propagation can be judged.
{"title":"The failure behavior of prefabricated fractured sandstone with different rock bridge inclination angles under freeze-thaw cycles","authors":"Meilu Yu , Zhongwen Wang , Ying Xu , Yanhai Chang , Luyu Wang , Yulong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the fractured rock samples with different dip angles of rock bridge are taken as the research object, and the freeze-thaw cycle test and uniaxial compression test are carried out successively. Combined with digital image correlation technology (DIC) and numerical simulation, the failure process of prefabricated fractured sandstone with different rock bridge dip angles was studied. The results show that the frost heaving force caused by freezing and thawing will cause irreversible damage to the rock sample. Especially at the tip of the prefabricated crack, macroscopic frost heaving cracks will occur. Frost heaving cracks can reduce the stress concentration at the crack tip, which leads to a decrease in tensile cracks during loading. With the increase of the inclination angle of the rock bridge, both the modulus and the peak stress show an inverted “spoon-shaped” trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The tensile effect of the frost heave force generated by the freeze-thaw process leads to the early development and expansion of the prefabricated cracks. Under the action of external load, according to the law of crack development, the failure mode of rock bridge can be divided into shear failure (S type), tensile failure (T type) and tensile-shear composite failure (M type). The relative displacement evolution curve of the characteristic points on both sides of the fracture surface is basically consistent with the evolution characteristics of the strain field. According to whether the <em>x</em>-direction and <em>y</em>-direction displacement curves of the feature points deviate from each other, the type of driving force of fracture propagation can be judged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100151
Qian Chen , Pei Li , Xiaoliang Wei , Changsheng Chen , Wei Dang , Haikuan Nie , Jinchuan Zhang
The Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi coal-bearing formations are recognized as the primary source rocks and promising shale gas reservoirs in North China. Based on lithologic observations, mineral and major elemental analyses of the Shanxi Sahle in the Southern North China Basin (SNCB), we conducted a preliminary investigation into the depositional environment, climate, and factors controlling the organic matter (OM) accumulation. The main findings are as follows: (1) The Shanxi Formation results from a transition in depositional environment, shifting from tidal flats to delta plains. The Shanxi Shale is primarily composed of clay minerals (34.24 %–75.20 %) and quartz (23.80%–46.39 %), with a notably low carbonate content (<5 %). (2) Illite in the lower sections of the Shanxi Shale is likely sourced from detrital input rather than chemical conversion, while the dissolution of potassium feldspar may account for the elevated kaolinite content. This is further supported by the oxygen level variations between the lower and upper shale intervals. Moreover, no significant positive correlation was observed between SiO2 and Al/Na ratios, nor between clay minerals and total organic carbon (TOC) content. This suggests that the intensity of OM modification prior to diagenesis plays a pivotal role in OM accumulation, aligning with the positive correlation between inertinite proportion and TOC content. (3) Organic matter inputs from fluvial systems were likely influenced by upstream mire conditions, where precursor peat may have accumulated. Unlike marine shale, the intensity of weathering, which varies with climate and transportation distance, is considered to have significantly impacted both the maceral composition and OM richness in the tide-delta deposited Shanxi Shale.
{"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of shale from Shanxi Formation, Southern North China Basin: Implication for organic matter accumulation","authors":"Qian Chen , Pei Li , Xiaoliang Wei , Changsheng Chen , Wei Dang , Haikuan Nie , Jinchuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi coal-bearing formations are recognized as the primary source rocks and promising shale gas reservoirs in North China. Based on lithologic observations, mineral and major elemental analyses of the Shanxi Sahle in the Southern North China Basin (SNCB), we conducted a preliminary investigation into the depositional environment, climate, and factors controlling the organic matter (OM) accumulation. The main findings are as follows: (1) The Shanxi Formation results from a transition in depositional environment, shifting from tidal flats to delta plains. The Shanxi Shale is primarily composed of clay minerals (34.24 %–75.20 %) and quartz (23.80%–46.39 %), with a notably low carbonate content (<5 %). (2) Illite in the lower sections of the Shanxi Shale is likely sourced from detrital input rather than chemical conversion, while the dissolution of potassium feldspar may account for the elevated kaolinite content. This is further supported by the oxygen level variations between the lower and upper shale intervals. Moreover, no significant positive correlation was observed between SiO<sub>2</sub> and Al/Na ratios, nor between clay minerals and total organic carbon (TOC) content. This suggests that the intensity of OM modification prior to diagenesis plays a pivotal role in OM accumulation, aligning with the positive correlation between inertinite proportion and TOC content. (3) Organic matter inputs from fluvial systems were likely influenced by upstream mire conditions, where precursor peat may have accumulated. Unlike marine shale, the intensity of weathering, which varies with climate and transportation distance, is considered to have significantly impacted both the maceral composition and OM richness in the tide-delta deposited Shanxi Shale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100153
Zengqin Liu , Shihu Zhao , Zongquan Hu , Baojian Shen , Dongjun Feng , Jiaqi Zhang , Jincheng Ye , Chao Ma , Zhaoxiong Dong
Coal-measure unconventional natural gas exhibits diverse types and abundant resources, making it a strategic exploration field to marine shale gas. Currently, researches on coal-measure unconventional gas are still in the early stages, and further study is needed on the characteristics and controlling factors of coal-measure reservoirs. Taking the Carboniferous and Permian in the Ordos Basin as an example, the maceral observation, total organic carbon, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, porosity-permeability testing, high-pressure mercury intrusion, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption, and carbon dioxide adsorption experiments are employed to elucidate the reservoir space types, storage features, pore size distribution, and fractal features of coal-measure unconventional reservoirs. The result shows that coal, carbonaceous shale and argillaceous shale are the main reservoirs in coal-measure strata, and their storage performance are different under the control of total organic carbon (TOC). The main reservoir spaces in coal reservoirs are organic matter pores and cleats, while carbonaceous shale and argillaceous shale reservoirs are dominated by inorganic pores. In addition, the pore volume of coal seam, carbonaceous shale, and argillaceous shale decreases sequentially, of which coal seam features large pore volume, and is rich in micro and macro pores, while argillaceous shale exhibit small pore volumes and relatively high mesopore contents. The fractal dimensions of macropores, mesopores, and micropores sequentially decrease, indicating a weakening heterogeneity. Additionally, the porosity of coal-measure reservoirs is positively correlated with TOC, vitrinite content, and carbonate mineral content, while being negatively correlated with clay mineral content. The fractal dimension is negatively correlated with TOC and positively correlated with clay mineral content, suggesting a strong source-reservoir coupling correlation. Overall, coal-measure reservoirs with higher TOC exhibit the characteristics of “high proportion of organic matter pore, high pore volume, high porosity, and low fractal dimension”. And thick coal seam and carbonaceous shale in the Ordos Basin with higher TOC and porosity provide a material foundation for achieving high production, making them a promising new frontier for unconventional natural gas exploration and development.
{"title":"Characteristics and controlling factors of coal-measure unconventional reservoirs – A case study of the Carboniferous-Permian in the Ordos Basin","authors":"Zengqin Liu , Shihu Zhao , Zongquan Hu , Baojian Shen , Dongjun Feng , Jiaqi Zhang , Jincheng Ye , Chao Ma , Zhaoxiong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal-measure unconventional natural gas exhibits diverse types and abundant resources, making it a strategic exploration field to marine shale gas. Currently, researches on coal-measure unconventional gas are still in the early stages, and further study is needed on the characteristics and controlling factors of coal-measure reservoirs. Taking the Carboniferous and Permian in the Ordos Basin as an example, the maceral observation, total organic carbon, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, porosity-permeability testing, high-pressure mercury intrusion, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption, and carbon dioxide adsorption experiments are employed to elucidate the reservoir space types, storage features, pore size distribution, and fractal features of coal-measure unconventional reservoirs. The result shows that coal, carbonaceous shale and argillaceous shale are the main reservoirs in coal-measure strata, and their storage performance are different under the control of total organic carbon (TOC). The main reservoir spaces in coal reservoirs are organic matter pores and cleats, while carbonaceous shale and argillaceous shale reservoirs are dominated by inorganic pores. In addition, the pore volume of coal seam, carbonaceous shale, and argillaceous shale decreases sequentially, of which coal seam features large pore volume, and is rich in micro and macro pores, while argillaceous shale exhibit small pore volumes and relatively high mesopore contents. The fractal dimensions of macropores, mesopores, and micropores sequentially decrease, indicating a weakening heterogeneity. Additionally, the porosity of coal-measure reservoirs is positively correlated with TOC, vitrinite content, and carbonate mineral content, while being negatively correlated with clay mineral content. The fractal dimension is negatively correlated with TOC and positively correlated with clay mineral content, suggesting a strong source-reservoir coupling correlation. Overall, coal-measure reservoirs with higher TOC exhibit the characteristics of “high proportion of organic matter pore, high pore volume, high porosity, and low fractal dimension”. And thick coal seam and carbonaceous shale in the Ordos Basin with higher TOC and porosity provide a material foundation for achieving high production, making them a promising new frontier for unconventional natural gas exploration and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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