Unconventional Resources最新文献

{"title":"Towards a sustainable energy future: Evaluating renewable energy options in Tunisia","authors":"Sassi Rekik ,&nbsp;Johnson Herlich Roslee Mensah ,&nbsp;Ali Gassim Shetwan","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2026.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2026.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the increasing threat of climate change, global warming, and depletion of fossil fuels, the adoption of renewable energy technologies (RETs) has become a crucial issue. Nevertheless, selecting the most appropriate technology is crucial. In this sense, developing decision support mechanisms for the identification of appropriate energy resources is one of the core decision-making challenges in the energy industry. In this paper, we address some renewable energy options for electricity generation in Tunisia namely solar photovoltaics (PV), concentrated solar power (solar CSP), onshore wind, and biomass, taking into account technical, economic, environmental, and social dimensions. This study employed a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach, combining CRiteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) and Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS), The considered alternative RETs were ranked and prioritized according to the proposed model. The results indicate that solar PV is the most promising renewable technology for Tunisia. Biomass is the least viable option. Validation through Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) largely corroborated these results, consistently placing solar PV first, followed by onshore wind. The only minor difference observed was an exchange in ranking between biomass and solar CSP. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to validate the outcomes and demonstrate the effect of changing the input data on the final results, revealing the considerable influence of cost-related factors on nearly all renewable energy technologies. Key differences in sensitivity were apparent, with Solar PV being more sensitive to electricity cost than capital cost, whereas solar CSP showed equal criticality to both. These distinctions imply that decision-making and risk prioritization must be tailored to each specific RET, prioritizing R&amp;D for cost reduction and economies of scale for highly cost-sensitive technologies, and technological innovation and operational optimization for those sensitive to efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance of masonry solar distillation unit","authors":"Narayan Lal Panwar","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to assess the thermal efficiency and freshwater production of a brick-based solar distillation system in Udaipur, India (24°35′7″ N, 73°42′45″ E). An experimental test was carried out in March 2024 to evaluate the system's performance. The results showed that the solar still had an average thermal efficiency of 30.42 % and produced 4.56 L of distilled water per day. These results highlight the potential of brick solar distillation systems as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for freshwater supply in semi-arid areas. The study offers valuable insights into the energy efficiency of passive solar stills, supporting the development of renewable energy–based water purification methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing hydrogen as a key driver for decarbonized power systems","authors":"Mohamed Khaleel ,&nbsp;Ziyodulla Yusupov ,&nbsp;Sassi Rekik","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to a low-carbon energy future necessitates the rapid expansion of clean energy solutions, with hydrogen (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) emerging as a pivotal enabler of decarbonized power systems. This study critically examines the evolving role of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> in the global energy transition, focusing on its increasing demand, integration into electricity generation, and broader systemic significance. The paper explores the growth of demand for low-emission <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, highlighting key drivers such as policy incentives, industrial applications, and emerging market trends. The role of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> in electricity generation is analyzed in the context of grid stability, energy storage, and its potential to complement renewable energy sources. Furthermore, the article addresses the essential role of hydrogen within the energy system, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors and as a vector for sectoral integration. It provides a comprehensive assessment of output and energy consumption, examining production pathways, efficiency considerations, and consumption trends across diverse applications. The article also delves into investment and finance mechanisms, evaluating capital flows, multilateral financial commitments, and the economic viability of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> technologies. Additionally, the role of innovation in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>-powered electricity generation is explored, emphasizing advancements in electrolysis, fuel cell technology, and novel deployment models. The article concludes with strategic recommendations aimed at accelerating the deployment of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> technologies, fostering policy frameworks, and enhancing financial support mechanisms to ensure large-scale adoption. By addressing these critical dimensions, this study provides a holistic perspective on <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> transformative potential as a key driver of decarbonized power systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wireless power transfer in offshore renewable energy: A review of technologies, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Nisha Kaur ,&nbsp;K. Sudhakar ,&nbsp;M.R. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Erdem Cuce ,&nbsp;Dan Barbulescu","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable and reliable energy solutions in remote coastal regions has sparked significant interest in offshore renewable energy systems, including floating solar arrays, wind turbines, wave energy, and hybrid energy systems. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technologies have emerged as a promising approach that enhances safety and efficiency in power generation, transmission, and storage, particularly in challenging underwater and oceanic environments. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various WPT methods for offshore energy transmission, including near-field techniques (inductive and capacitive coupling) and far-field approaches (microwave and laser-based systems), while addressing the challenges presented by long-distance energy transportation and undersea infrastructure. Additionally, this study highlights innovations in energy storage technologies, such as underwater pumped storage hydropower (UPSH), underwater compressed air energy storage (UWCAES), and electrochemical storage systems, which help to mitigate the instability of renewable energy generation. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and case studies, this study highlights the technical, economic, and environmental challenges associated with offshore wireless energy systems. Key findings suggest that while WPT offers significant advantages in safety and flexibility, further research is needed to optimise efficiency, reduce costs, and minimise ecological impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting wind speed over multiple horizons: Superiority of deep learning and decomposition-driven hybrid models","authors":"Ajay Kumar ,&nbsp;A.J. Singh ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate wind speed forecasting impacts grid stability, energy pricing, and ability to replace fossil fuels with clean power, however, stochastic nature and nonlinearity of wind make prediction a challenge. To address these challenges, this work explores a range of forecasting strategies like statistical, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) methods, for short-term (ST) and mid-term (MT) horizons. The experimental results across forecast horizons of 3, 6, 12, and 24 steps demonstrate that statistical models perform well at very short horizons (RMSE ≈ 0.55–1.14, R² up to 0.40) but degrade rapidly as the forecast length increases, with RMSE above 1.30 and R² near 0.00 at a forecasting horizon of 24. ML model XGBoost offers high accuracy and stability in comparison to RF, having an RMSE value of 0.43 and R² value 0.78 at step-3, remaining outstanding even compared at step-24, which offered RMSE = 1.00 to 1.18 and R² = 0.25 to 0.40, respectively. Transformer consistently performs better in having RMSE = 0.55–0.70 and R² up to 0.57 at step-3, and maintains better accuracy for longer horizons with RMSE = 0.95 and R² up to 0.50 at step-24. To improve the wind speed forecasting (WSF), Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) with LSTM has been used by decomposing wind speed signals (WSS) into intrinsic mode functions (IMF). The proposed decomposition-driven hybrid model and advanced deep learning techniques help to achieve accurate and better forecasting and can be implemented in various applications of forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The control effect of burial evolution time limit on the organic matter pore structure of shale: A case study of the lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale from the periphery of the Sichuan Basin in southern China","authors":"Pengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Ling Tang ,&nbsp;Kang Ma ,&nbsp;Yuxi Yang ,&nbsp;Can Jin ,&nbsp;Lin Wu ,&nbsp;Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most critical reservoir spaces in shale formations are organic matter (OM) pores, predominantly governed by thermal maturation processes. Notably, the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale exhibits comparable thermal maturity levels across different areas of the Sichuan Basin periphery while demonstrating significant variations in OM pore structure. In conjunction with regional tectonic influences, areas with lower gas content correspond to earlier stratum uplift times, indicating that burial duration significantly affects OM pore structure. In this study, we examine the Longmaxi shale from the Changning area in southern Sichuan Basin (LCS) and the Youyang area in southeastern Chongqing (LYC), which have similar thermal evolution degrees but different burial durations. Through carbon and sulfur analysis, asphalt reflectance testing, and focused ion beam electron microscopy, we analyzed the differences in OM pores structure and determined the impact of burial duration on these structures. Our results show distinct differences in OM pores structure between LCS and LYC. The OM pore diameters in LCS primarily range from 200 to 1000 nm, whereas those in LYC mainly range from 30 to 400 nm. The number of OM pores in SEM with per unit view in LCS is significantly higher than in LYC. The prolonged burial duration of LCS, exceeding 200 million years (Ma), has allowed for sufficient thermal evolution, leading to substantial hydrocarbon gas generation and superior OM pores structure. In contrast, LYC has a burial duration of approximately 150 Ma, resulting in smaller OM pore diameters and fewer pores compared to LCS. The extended burial duration ensures that the shale undergoes adequate thermal evolution, generating large amounts of hydrocarbon gases and forming OM pores with excellent storage performance. The Yanshan Movement, occurring during the Cretaceous-Jurassic period, is responsible for the varying strata uplifting times in the Yangtze Platform of South China. Formed by the subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate, this movement created compressive stress at their junction. The time required for extrusion stress to propagate from the lower Yangtze to the upper Yangtze differs, resulting in longer shale evolution times in the upper Yangtze compared to the middle and lower Yangtze. These findings underscore the necessity of incorporating burial duration considerations in shale gas resource assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive nonlinear control and observation for grid-connected wind-BESS systems with unknown demand","authors":"Adil Mansouri ,&nbsp;Nabil Elaadouli ,&nbsp;Abdelmounime El Magri ,&nbsp;Rachid Lajouad ,&nbsp;Fouad Giri","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the challenges of renewable energy integration in geographically dispersed power systems, where the real-time grid demand is unmeasurable due to the significant distance between generation sites (wind farms) and consumption centers. The proposed architecture connects a wind turbine farm to a Vienna rectifier, followed by a battery energy storage system, and interfaces with the main grid via a High-Voltage Direct Current transmission link. A nonlinear control scheme is designed to maximize wind energy extraction while ensuring grid stability through coordinated operation of the wind turbine farm, Vienna rectifier, and battery energy storage system. The key innovation lies in a linear matrix inequality-based adaptive observer that estimates the unmeasurable grid demand dynamics. The linear matrix inequality formulation guarantees stability and provides the numerical robustness needed to overcome system singularities, a common failure point for traditional observation methods. This robust estimation enables two critical functionalities: (i) Optimal battery energy storage system control: An advanced management strategy that regulates the battery charging and discharging cycles based on the estimated demand. (ii) Grid-Adaptive Generation: The power production is dynamically adjusted according to the estimated demand variations, thus overcoming the limitations imposed by geographical separation. The overall strategy ensures efficient and stable power delivery despite the lack of direct remote measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of sealing solutions for insertion sealing devices in deep formation drill rod testing","authors":"Ziyin Zhang ,&nbsp;Bobo Cao ,&nbsp;Gang Ruan ,&nbsp;Dagui Cao ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Tan ,&nbsp;Shuhui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the limitations of conventional formation testing technologies in meeting the engineering demands of deep and heavy oil reservoir testing. A novel multifunctional gas-lift testing method is proposed, wherein gas is injected through the narrow annulus between the drill rod and tubing to facilitate gas-lift production. To ensure effective annular sealing during the gas-lift process, a specialized insertion sealing device was developed. Structural analysis identified the sealing mechanism as a critical component influencing overall device performance. Based on operational conditions, three sealing configurations were designed and comparatively evaluated to determine the optimal solution. A V-ring seal was selected for further investigation, and a two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model was established to simulate its sealing behavior under three operating conditions. Subsequently, a high-pressure sealing test at 50 MPa was conducted to validate the device's performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the integrated V-ring sealing assembly, composed of fluororubber and PTFE materials, provides robust sealing capability. The structure remained intact under preloading and exhibited reliable performance under both internal and external loading conditions, withstanding continuous operation at 20 MPa without leakage. Throughout the entire pressurization and sustained pressure-holding phases, no visible leakage occurred, and the seal showed no signs of crushing, extrusion, or permanent deformation. These results confirm the device's suitability for high-pressure and deep-sea applications. The proposed tool offers a simple yet effective sealing solution, providing technical support for the application of insertion sealing technology in deep and heavy oil reservoir development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance enhancement of photovoltaic systems using a North–South single-axis solar tracker in Lebanon","authors":"Hassan Moussa Nahim ,&nbsp;Ismail Mohamad ,&nbsp;Maarouf Ghallab ,&nbsp;Ali Harkous ,&nbsp;Tarek Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Jalal Faraj ,&nbsp;Rani Taher ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Khaled","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because of its scalability, adaptability, and zero-emission operation, photovoltaic (PV) technology has become a key component of sustainable energy production. However, due to the inability to consistently align with the sun's path, traditional fixed-tilt systems frequently perform poorly, reducing the amount of energy that may be produced. Through developing an affordable tracking system that optimizes sun exposure and promotes the use of renewable energy in Lebanon, this project seeks to improve the performance of PV panels. In contrast to conventional fixed systems, the suggested design presents a North-South Polar Parallel Single-Axis Solar Tracking (NS-SAST) system that combines low-cost Arduino implementation with open-loop control. The strategy strikes a compromise between performance, price, and ease of use, which makes it ideal for local renewable energy deployment. A comparison of fixed and NS-SAST systems' performance was evaluated using MATLAB simulations. A physical prototype with an Arduino-based controller was built using the simulation as a guide. The tracking system maintains a constant tilt angle between the rotational axis and the horizontal plane, while dynamically adjusting the panel orientation in real time using established solar position algorithms. To assess long-term viability, cost and emission reduction evaluations were also conducted. At the ideal annual tilt of 28° for Beirut, experimental validation revealed that the NS-SAST system enhanced energy output by almost 36 % in comparison to fixed systems. The system's economic viability and potential to lower emissions were further validated by cost and environmental analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralised renewable energy in sub-Saharan Africa: A critical review of pathways to equitable and sustainable energy transitions","authors":"Joy Nneamaka Obi ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Ojo ,&nbsp;Chika Oliver Ujah","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This critical review examines decentralised renewable energy (DRE) systems as game changers for sustainable energy access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Although rich in renewable resources, over 570 million people in rural communities lack electricity. Traditional energy models, shaped by colonial histories and marked by inefficiencies, have failed to meet the continent's diverse energy needs. DRE systems provide flexible, community-focused solutions that promote energy equity, foster economic growth, and enhance climate resilience. Using Critical Juncture Theory and the Rational Choice Model, this study examines factors influencing DRE adoption. Analyses show how DRE encourages energy democracy, local ownership, and aligns with Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG 7 (Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). However, these systems face obstacles like fragmented policies, insufficient funding, technical gaps, and governance issues. Case studies from Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Ethiopia demonstrate implementation strategies, revealing supportive environments and challenges. This review synthesises policy discussions, highlights innovations like pay-as-you-go financing and digitalisation and outlines an integrated energy planning roadmap. Recommendations include regulatory reforms, blended financing models, capacity-building initiatives, and regional cooperation. This paper argues that decentralisation should be viewed not as a temporary measure but as a foundation for energy strategies. With visionary leadership, collaborative governance, and targeted investments, decentralised systems can transform Sub-Saharan Africa's energy future, prioritising equity, resilience, and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145365532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}