Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.010
Asif Iqbal , Rafia Haider , Abdullah Yasar , Abdul-Sattar Nizami
Pakistan’s economy is transitioning from crisis to stability, necessitating the alignment of public service sectors like Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management with the country’s economic conditions. By leveraging discrete mathematics and logical frameworks, this study identifies the potential of the waste sector to reduce public expenditure and contribute to economic sustainability. The proposed Wasteism Hierarchy Approach (WHA) offers policy guidelines across waste hierarchy levels to aid decision-making for municipalities, waste management companies, and local governments. Key considerations include the interplay of waste collection modes, fleet management, infrastructure, and catchment areas. Additionally, a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework ranks and prioritizes feasible MSW treatment and disposal options. This research highlights the integration of the waste sector into the circular economy and its potential to address climate change, promote regenerative agriculture, and support local economic sustainability.
{"title":"A governance model for sustainable municipal solid waste management: Aligning the sector with Pakistan’s economic goals","authors":"Asif Iqbal , Rafia Haider , Abdullah Yasar , Abdul-Sattar Nizami","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pakistan’s economy is transitioning from crisis to stability, necessitating the alignment of public service sectors like Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management with the country’s economic conditions. By leveraging discrete mathematics and logical frameworks, this study identifies the potential of the waste sector to reduce public expenditure and contribute to economic sustainability. The proposed Wasteism Hierarchy Approach (WHA) offers policy guidelines across waste hierarchy levels to aid decision-making for municipalities, waste management companies, and local governments. Key considerations include the interplay of waste collection modes, fleet management, infrastructure, and catchment areas. Additionally, a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework ranks and prioritizes feasible MSW treatment and disposal options. This research highlights the integration of the waste sector into the circular economy and its potential to address climate change, promote regenerative agriculture, and support local economic sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 107-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.007
Jonathan Cohen, Jorge Gil, Leonardo Rosado
Waste separation at source is perceived as an effective Municipal Waste Management strategy, and the success depends on understanding the drivers of proper waste sorting behaviour. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has been extensively applied to determining the importance of different psychological constructs in waste sorting behaviour. Despite evidence of its validity in specific contexts, in urban contexts, one requires an understanding of how the built environment affects waste sorting behaviour. Furthermore, this study introduces the use of Exploratory Factor Analysis as a data-driven approach to define various TPB constructs from a collection of items, including situational factors such as distance to waste bins or the condition of recycling facilities. It shows how this technique outperforms the typical top-down approach of starting from pre-defined items assigned to its constructs. This study surveyed residents of Gothenburg, Sweden, to capture empirical data on factors that affect the planned behaviour of waste separation. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to evaluate the extended TPB model and extract the drivers of waste sorting behaviour. Results from the study can extend the application of TPB to inform urban planners about the location and maintenance of waste management infrastructure.
{"title":"Extending the TPB of residential waste sorting with situational factors using a data-driven approach: The case of Gothenburg, Sweden","authors":"Jonathan Cohen, Jorge Gil, Leonardo Rosado","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste separation at source is perceived as an effective Municipal Waste Management strategy, and the success depends on understanding the drivers of proper waste sorting behaviour. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has been extensively applied to determining the importance of different psychological constructs in waste sorting behaviour. Despite evidence of its validity in specific contexts, in urban contexts, one requires an understanding of how the built environment affects waste sorting behaviour. Furthermore, this study introduces the use of Exploratory Factor Analysis as a data-driven approach to define various TPB constructs from a collection of items, including situational factors such as distance to waste bins or the condition of recycling facilities. It shows how this technique outperforms the typical top-down approach of starting from pre-defined items assigned to its constructs. This study surveyed residents of Gothenburg, Sweden, to capture empirical data on factors that affect the planned behaviour of waste separation. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to evaluate the extended TPB model and extract the drivers of waste sorting behaviour. Results from the study can extend the application of TPB to inform urban planners about the location and maintenance of waste management infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.009
Muazzam Mukhtar , Muhammad Rizwan , Atta Ullah , Ali Elkamel , Salman Raza Naqvi , Muhammad Zaman
Optimizing municipal solid waste (MSW) management through the production of valuable products and energy conversion is crucial to mitigate environmental damage and promote economic sustainability. This study focuses on addressing the MSW supply chain problem by exploring the optimal location for the waste treatment. The supply chain network encompasses MSW transfer stations, treatment facilities, and markets with product demands. The methodological approach entails constructing a superstructure, gathering relevant data, and analyzing the results. Both deterministic MILP and two stage stochastic model are used in this study. A deterministic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is employed to optimize the MSW supply chain problem, with the use of solver BARON. To account for uncertainties in supply–demand and transportation costs, a two-stage stochastic MILP model is developed. The deterministic equivalent approach is then employed to solve the stochastic model, resulting in an average solution across all scenarios. The decision variable pertaining to the selection of treatment technology locations is managed in the first stage. The second stage focuses on determining transportation and production-related decisions. Stochastic models can capture the inherent unpredictability of real-world systems by simulating a range of potential scenarios, helping to tackle uncertainty. To underscore the practical relevance of the mathematical programming formulation, a case study is presented and thoroughly analyzed.
{"title":"Municipal solid waste supply chain optimization for value-added product development under uncertainty","authors":"Muazzam Mukhtar , Muhammad Rizwan , Atta Ullah , Ali Elkamel , Salman Raza Naqvi , Muhammad Zaman","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing municipal solid waste (MSW) management through the production of valuable products and energy conversion is crucial to mitigate environmental damage and promote economic sustainability. This study focuses on addressing the MSW supply chain problem by exploring the optimal location for the waste treatment. The supply chain network encompasses MSW transfer stations, treatment facilities, and markets with product demands. The methodological approach entails constructing a superstructure, gathering relevant data, and analyzing the results. Both deterministic MILP and two stage stochastic model are used in this study. A deterministic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is employed to optimize the MSW supply chain problem, with the use of solver BARON. To account for uncertainties in supply–demand and transportation costs, a two-stage stochastic MILP model is developed. The deterministic equivalent approach is then employed to solve the stochastic model, resulting in an average solution across all scenarios. The decision variable pertaining to the selection of treatment technology locations is managed in the first stage. The second stage focuses on determining transportation and production-related decisions. Stochastic models can capture the inherent unpredictability of real-world systems by simulating a range of potential scenarios, helping to tackle uncertainty. To underscore the practical relevance of the mathematical programming formulation, a case study is presented and thoroughly analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 66-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.008
Analyse Villanueva Gaete , Ana Paula Martinazzo , Carlos Eduardo de Souza Teodoro
Currently, within the concepts of Bioeconomy and Circular Economy, technologies for transforming agro-indutrial waste into high-value products are rapidly advancing and gaining attention. Among these, microbial enzymes like cellulase have become valuable due to their extensive industrial application and potential to reduce cultivation cost, especially by using agro-industrial residues as substrates. This study aimed to optimize the culture conditions of Bacillus smithii QT03 for cellulase production and to partially characterize the enzyme. Several parameters were evaluated, including different agro-industrial wastes as a carbon source, incubation temperature, pH, incubation time, agitation, inoculum size, nitrogen source, and cellulase thermal and pH stability. B. smithii QT03 produces cellulase in the presence of malt bagasse as a carbon source (2 %), meat extract as a nitrogen source (1.5 %), at an incubation time of 48 h at 35 °C, stirring at 200 rpm, and 2 % inoculum. The enzyme reached maximum activity after 30 min at pH 7 and maintained 70 % of its activity for 24 h at pH 6. It also reached maximum activity at 70 °C and maintained 100 % activity after incubation at 55 °C for 3 h, and 58 % at 60 °C for 24 h. These results suggest that cellulase production by B. smithii QT03 using malt bagasse presents a promising, sustainable alternative for industrial applications.
{"title":"Cellulase production by Bacillus smithii QT03 using agro-industrial waste as carbon source","authors":"Analyse Villanueva Gaete , Ana Paula Martinazzo , Carlos Eduardo de Souza Teodoro","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, within the concepts of Bioeconomy and Circular Economy, technologies for transforming agro-indutrial waste into high-value products are rapidly advancing and gaining attention. Among these, microbial enzymes like cellulase have become valuable due to their extensive industrial application and potential to reduce cultivation cost, especially by using agro-industrial residues as substrates. This study aimed to optimize the culture conditions of <em>Bacillus smithii</em> QT03 for cellulase production and to partially characterize the enzyme. Several parameters were evaluated, including different agro-industrial wastes as a carbon source, incubation temperature, pH, incubation time, agitation, inoculum size, nitrogen source, and cellulase thermal and pH stability. <em>B. smithii</em> QT03 produces cellulase in the presence of malt bagasse as a carbon source (2 %), meat extract as a nitrogen source (1.5 %), at an incubation time of 48 h at 35 °C, stirring at 200 rpm, and 2 % inoculum. The enzyme reached maximum activity after 30 min at pH 7 and maintained 70 % of its activity for 24 h at pH 6. It also reached maximum activity at 70 °C and maintained 100 % activity after incubation at 55 °C for 3 h, and 58 % at 60 °C for 24 h. These results suggest that cellulase production by <em>B. smithii</em> QT03 using malt bagasse presents a promising, sustainable alternative for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 48-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Septic systems are major on-site sanitation facilities used in many developing countries to treat domestic wastewater. Climate change concerns have prompted efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; nonetheless, septic systems contribute to emissions of GHGs, such as methane. The present study investigated modifications to improve the operating conditions of septic systems to minimize methane emissions by evaluating the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) as an operating parameter using laboratory-scale biodegradation experiments. To investigate the influence of ORP on methane emissions, dog food and potassium nitrate were used as representatives of blackwater and alternative electron acceptors to oxygen, respectively, under various biodegradation conditions. The experimental results suggest that methane emission is suppressed at a critical ORP level (−350 to −450 mV vs. Ag/AgCl). They also showed that ORP can be used as a monitoring signal to better understand methane-producing conditions in septic systems. The proposed modifications to improve septic system operating conditions are to shorten the desludging period and provide sufficient oxygen to the septic tank, considering the critical ORP to prevent anaerobic conditions.
{"title":"Effect of oxidation reduction potential on methane emission from anaerobic septic systems","authors":"Areke Alexander Tiareti , Megumi Matsumura , Taira Hidaka , Fumitake Nishimura , Youhei Nomura , Taku Fujiwara","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Septic systems are major on-site sanitation facilities used in many developing countries to treat domestic wastewater. Climate change concerns have prompted efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; nonetheless, septic systems contribute to emissions of GHGs, such as methane. The present study investigated modifications to improve the operating conditions of septic systems to minimize methane emissions by evaluating the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) as an operating parameter using laboratory-scale biodegradation experiments. To investigate the influence of ORP on methane emissions, dog food and potassium nitrate were used as representatives of blackwater and alternative electron acceptors to oxygen, respectively, under various biodegradation conditions. The experimental results suggest that methane emission is suppressed at a critical ORP level (−350 to −450 mV vs. Ag/AgCl). They also showed that ORP can be used as a monitoring signal to better understand methane-producing conditions in septic systems. The proposed modifications to improve septic system operating conditions are to shorten the desludging period and provide sufficient oxygen to the septic tank, considering the critical ORP to prevent anaerobic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fibre mechanical recycling is an efficient strategy to turn non-reusable post-consumer textiles into new textile products with a minimal environmental impact. It helps reduce the need for primary raw materials and prevents the incineration or landfill disposal of textile waste. To foster textile circularity, it is essential to use these recycled fibres as secondary raw materials for textiles. The focus of our study was, therefore, to create quality yarns for making knitted fabrics for long-lasting garments. In this study, mechanically recycled post-consumer cotton and linen were ring-spun into yarns. Recycled cotton (rCO) was blended with virgin cotton (CO) in ratios of 30/70, 50/50, and 70/30, and with virgin viscose (CV) at a 50/50 ratio. Recycled linen (rLI) was blended with virgin viscose in ratios of 30/70 and 50/50. The yarn appearance, breaking tenacity, and elongation were evaluated and compared to virgin viscose and cotton yarns. The knitting performance of rCO/CO 50/50 yarn and reference 100 CO yarn was assessed by knitting different knit structures and pattern designs using a flatbed knitting machine. Additionally, the abrasion resistance of the two yarns knitted into single jersey fabric was tested using the Martindale method, and the samples were inspected using scanning electron microscopy. Increasing recycled cotton and linen content in ring-spun yarns decreased yarn strength and increased the uneven appearance. In addition, the rCO/CO jersey fabric showed higher wear under abrasion than the reference 100 CO fabric. The knit structure and pattern design had a central influence on knittability and fabric appearance when using yarn containing recycled fibres. Therefore, these factors should be considered to promote the use of recycled fibres for creating long-lasting textile products.
{"title":"Transforming mechanically recycled cotton and linen from post-consumer textiles into quality ring yarns and knitted fabrics","authors":"Susanna Raiskio , Aravin Periyasamy , Michael Hummel , Pirjo Heikkilä","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibre mechanical recycling is an efficient strategy to turn non-reusable post-consumer textiles into new textile products with a minimal environmental impact. It helps reduce the need for primary raw materials and prevents the incineration or landfill disposal of textile waste. To foster textile circularity, it is essential to use these recycled fibres as secondary raw materials for textiles. The focus of our study was, therefore, to create quality yarns for making knitted fabrics for long-lasting garments. In this study, mechanically recycled post-consumer cotton and linen were ring-spun into yarns. Recycled cotton (rCO) was blended with virgin cotton (CO) in ratios of 30/70, 50/50, and 70/30, and with virgin viscose (CV) at a 50/50 ratio. Recycled linen (rLI) was blended with virgin viscose in ratios of 30/70 and 50/50. The yarn appearance, breaking tenacity, and elongation were evaluated and compared to virgin viscose and cotton yarns. The knitting performance of rCO/CO 50/50 yarn and reference 100 CO yarn was assessed by knitting different knit structures and pattern designs using a flatbed knitting machine. Additionally, the abrasion resistance of the two yarns knitted into single jersey fabric was tested using the Martindale method, and the samples were inspected using scanning electron microscopy. Increasing recycled cotton and linen content in ring-spun yarns decreased yarn strength and increased the uneven appearance. In addition, the rCO/CO jersey fabric showed higher wear under abrasion than the reference 100 CO fabric. The knit structure and pattern design had a central influence on knittability and fabric appearance when using yarn containing recycled fibres. Therefore, these factors should be considered to promote the use of recycled fibres for creating long-lasting textile products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 76-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.005
H.U. Modekwe , I.M. Ramatsa , M.A. Mamo , O.O. Sadare , M.O. Daramola , K. Moothi
The study focuses on “treating waste with waste” through the removal of toxic metals from gold mine wastewater using polysulfone (PSF) membrane infused with waste plastic derived-multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) as an innovative approach. MWCNTs synthesized from waste polypropylene (PP) plastics by the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method were purified in oxidizing acid, and different loadings (0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 wt%) were incorporated into the PSF membrane to form mixed matrix membranes (MMM) via phase inversion technique. Fabricated pristine and nanocomposite membranes’ properties: hydrophilicity, thermal stability, and morphology, were ascertained by the water contact angle measurement, thermogravimetry analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Results show that incorporating plastic-derived-MWCNTs into the matrices of PSF polymer significantly enhanced the properties of all fabricated MWCNTs/PSF nanocomposite membranes compared to pristine PSF. The flux and rejection of metals increased with MWCNTs loading. Iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) removal by pristine PSF were 70.2% and 11.4%, respectively, while optimal Fe and Ni rejection of 91% and 74%, respectively, were obtained with 0.10 wt% MWCNT loading. The results obtained in this work revealed that incorporating different loadings of plastic-derived-MWCNTs onto the PSF polymer matrix impacted its surface properties, and improved flux, and removal efficiency. Therefore, utilizing waste plastics as a precursor in CNTs production will save on the cost of CNTs and provide a sustainable plastic waste management option, as well as open up vast prospects at the industrial scale in the potential for application in environmental remediation (such as in membrane separation).
{"title":"Heavy metals removal from mine wastewater using polysulfone membrane infused with waste plastic-derived carbon nanotubes as filler","authors":"H.U. Modekwe , I.M. Ramatsa , M.A. Mamo , O.O. Sadare , M.O. Daramola , K. Moothi","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study focuses on “treating waste with waste” through the removal of toxic metals from gold mine wastewater using polysulfone (PSF) membrane infused with waste plastic derived-multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) as an innovative approach. MWCNTs synthesized from waste polypropylene (PP) plastics by the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method were purified in oxidizing acid, and different loadings (0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 wt%) were incorporated into the PSF membrane to form mixed matrix membranes (MMM) via phase inversion technique. Fabricated pristine and nanocomposite membranes’ properties: hydrophilicity, thermal stability, and morphology, were ascertained by the water contact angle measurement, thermogravimetry analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Results show that incorporating plastic-derived-MWCNTs into the matrices of PSF polymer significantly enhanced the properties of all fabricated MWCNTs/PSF nanocomposite membranes compared to pristine PSF. The flux and rejection of metals increased with MWCNTs loading. Iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) removal by pristine PSF were 70.2% and 11.4%, respectively, while optimal Fe and Ni rejection of 91% and 74%, respectively, were obtained with 0.10 wt% MWCNT loading. The results obtained in this work revealed that incorporating different loadings of plastic-derived-MWCNTs onto the PSF polymer matrix impacted its surface properties, and improved flux, and removal efficiency. Therefore, utilizing waste plastics as a precursor in CNTs production will save on the cost of CNTs and provide a sustainable plastic waste management option, as well as open up vast prospects at the industrial scale in the potential for application in environmental remediation (such as in membrane separation).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Addressing the dual challenges of greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel depletion requires sustainable and cost-effective energy solutions. This study investigates biodiesel production from non-edible Calotropis gigantea L. seed oil using a novel copper oxide (CuO) nano-catalyst synthesized from the green pods of C. gigantea. CuO nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optimal biodiesel production conditions were achieved at a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1, reaction temperature of 80 °C, reaction time of 105 min, and catalyst loading of 0.74 wt%, resulting in a 90 % yield. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized through FT-IR spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Physicochemical analysis demonstrated compliance with both European (EN 14214) and American (ASTM D 6751) biodiesel standards, exhibiting favorable properties including density (0.792 kg/L), acid value (0.34 mg KOH/g), kinematic viscosity (6 mm2/s), flash point (91 °C), cloud point (−10 °C), pour point (−8 °C), and minimal sulphur content (0.00097 wt%). These findings establish the viability of converting toxic, non-edible C. gigantea seeds into high-quality biodiesel, presenting a promising pathway toward sustainable energy production while potentially fostering regional socioeconomic development through valorization of agricultural waste.
{"title":"Elucidating the potential of non-edible milkweed seed oil for biodiesel production using green pod-derived nano-catalysts","authors":"Kanwal , Okezie Emmanuel , Rozina , Ubani Micheal , Muhammad Zafar","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the dual challenges of greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel depletion requires sustainable and cost-effective energy solutions. This study investigates biodiesel production from non-edible <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> L. seed oil using a novel copper oxide (CuO) nano-catalyst synthesized from the green pods of <em>C. gigantea</em>. CuO nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optimal biodiesel production conditions were achieved at a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1, reaction temperature of 80 °C, reaction time of 105 min, and catalyst loading of 0.74 wt%, resulting in a 90 % yield. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized through FT-IR spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Physicochemical analysis demonstrated compliance with both European (EN 14214) and American (ASTM D 6751) biodiesel standards, exhibiting favorable properties including density (0.792 kg/L), acid value (0.34 mg KOH/g), kinematic viscosity (6 mm<sup>2</sup>/s), flash point (91 °C), cloud point (−10 °C), pour point (−8 °C), and minimal sulphur content (0.00097 wt%). These findings establish the viability of converting toxic, non-edible <em>C. gigantea</em> seeds into high-quality biodiesel, presenting a promising pathway toward sustainable energy production while potentially fostering regional socioeconomic development through valorization of agricultural waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.002
Saifullahi Shehu Imam , Sadiq Sani , Muhammad Mujahid , Rohana Adnan
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a substantial by-product generated in the palm oil industry that has traditionally been regarded as waste due to its high pollutant content. However, recent advances emphasize the possibility of recovering valuable resources from POME, which would contribute to environmental sustainability and economic benefits. This made POME treatment the subject of numerous investigations. Various methods, mostly biological, have evolved over the past few years for the successful valorization of POME to produce useful resources including biofuels (biohydrogen, biogas, bioacetone, biobutanol, bioethanol, biohythane etc.), value-added chemicals (enzymes, volatile fatty acids, citric acid, carotenes, lipids etc.), nutrients (micronutrients, macronutrients), pesticides, solvents, and adsorbents. The current review’s objective is to summarize the possible approaches for conversion of POME waste to wealth with some outlooks. By transforming waste into valuable resources, the palm oil sector can improve its sustainability, minimize environmental footprints, and establish new revenue streams.
{"title":"Valuable resources recovery from palm oil mill effluent (POME): A short review on sustainable wealth reclamation","authors":"Saifullahi Shehu Imam , Sadiq Sani , Muhammad Mujahid , Rohana Adnan","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a substantial by-product generated in the palm oil industry that has traditionally been regarded as waste due to its high pollutant content. However, recent advances emphasize the possibility of recovering valuable resources from POME, which would contribute to environmental sustainability and economic benefits. This made POME treatment the subject of numerous investigations. Various methods, mostly biological, have evolved over the past few years for the successful valorization of POME to produce useful resources including biofuels (biohydrogen, biogas, bioacetone, biobutanol, bioethanol, biohythane etc.), value-added chemicals (enzymes, volatile fatty acids, citric acid, carotenes, lipids etc.), nutrients (micronutrients, macronutrients), pesticides, solvents, and adsorbents. The current review’s objective is to summarize the possible approaches for conversion of POME waste to wealth with some outlooks. By transforming waste into valuable resources, the palm oil sector can improve its sustainability, minimize environmental footprints, and establish new revenue streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oil sludge (OS), a by-product of petroleum refinery (PR) waste, contains various toxic organic and inorganic compounds. Improper handling of OS poses serious environmental risks, highlighting the need for an effective and sustainable solution to mitigate these hazards and transform OS into a valuable product. This study converted OS into char-(OSC), including both pristine-OSC and ZnCl2-activated-OSC, for the removal of organic pollutants from refinery wastewater (WW) with a high COD concentration (89,233 mg/L). ZnCl2-activated-OSC produced at 400 °C (SB-Zn-400) showed superior adsorption capacity compared to pristine-OSC, due to enhanced oxygen-containing functional groups, crystallinity, thermostability, and superior degradation (OS). The adsorption process demonstrated rapid COD removal, reaching equilibrium within 2 h and achieving a 28 % reduction in COD. The adsorption capacity was found to be 420.5 mg-COD/g-OSC. SB-Zn-400 exhibited heterogeneous surface properties and supported multi-layer adsorption, with hydrogen-bonding and π–π interactions likely adsorption mechanisms. Moreover, the total concentration of organic compounds in PR-WW was >2700 mg/L, and SB-Zn-400 reduced this concentration to 34 mg/L, achieving >98 % removal. Although the adsorption treatment reduced the inorganic parameters of PR-WW, leaching of Mn, Ni, and Zn was observed, likely due to the nature of OS and the ZnCl2-activation process. Thermal regeneration of spent SB-Zn-400 allowed the reuse of OSC, with adsorption efficiency remaining higher than that of pristine-OSC, indicating that SB-Zn-400 has potential to be reused. These findings highlight the effectiveness of OSC in treating PR-WW, supporting a circular economy approach to enhance resource efficiency and minimize the environmental impact of OS from PR industries.
{"title":"Assessment of the potential of oily sludge char for removing organics from petroleum refinery wastewater","authors":"Deborah Cristina Crominski da Silva Medeiros , Muhammad Usman , Pamela Chelme-Ayala , Suhur Saeed , Ismail Al-Shaikh , Asfaw Bekele , Mohamed Gamal El-Din","doi":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wmb.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil sludge (OS), a by-product of petroleum refinery (PR) waste, contains various toxic organic and inorganic compounds. Improper handling of OS poses serious environmental risks, highlighting the need for an effective and sustainable solution to mitigate these hazards and transform OS into a valuable product. This study converted OS into char-(OSC), including both pristine-OSC and ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-activated-OSC, for the removal of organic pollutants from refinery wastewater (WW) with a high COD concentration (89,233 mg/L). ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-activated-OSC produced at 400 °C (SB-Zn-400) showed superior adsorption capacity compared to pristine-OSC, due to enhanced oxygen-containing functional groups, crystallinity, thermostability, and superior degradation (OS). The adsorption process demonstrated rapid COD removal, reaching equilibrium within 2 h and achieving a 28 % reduction in COD. The adsorption capacity was found to be 420.5 mg-COD/g-OSC. SB-Zn-400 exhibited heterogeneous surface properties and supported multi-layer adsorption, with hydrogen-bonding and π–π interactions likely adsorption mechanisms. Moreover, the total concentration of organic compounds in PR-WW was >2700 mg/L, and SB-Zn-400 reduced this concentration to 34 mg/L, achieving >98 % removal. Although the adsorption treatment reduced the inorganic parameters of PR-WW, leaching of Mn, Ni, and Zn was observed, likely due to the nature of OS and the ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-activation process. Thermal regeneration of spent SB-Zn-400 allowed the reuse of OSC, with adsorption efficiency remaining higher than that of pristine-OSC, indicating that SB-Zn-400 has potential to be reused. These findings highlight the effectiveness of OSC in treating PR-WW, supporting a circular economy approach to enhance resource efficiency and minimize the environmental impact of OS from PR industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101276,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management Bulletin","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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