This study proposes a systematic inverse design framework for constructing multistable mechanical metamaterials with programmable gradients. Herein, we designed the tailored bistable cells with precisely controlled maximum instability forces through the topology optimization approach. Then, the designed bistable structures were programmed to construct the multistable mechanical metamaterials with different target gradient snapping sequences and deformation models. Consequently, the simulation and experimental results showed the feasibility of the design method, which successfully produced two- and three-dimensional mechanical metamaterial structures with different functions. Finally, we verified the expected deformation sequences and multistable behaviors of mechanical metamaterials by testing the designed specimens prepared via additive manufacturing. Overall, our findings show that the proposed design strategy offers a new paradigm for developing precisely tailored and programmable mechanical metamaterials.
{"title":"Programmable and multistable metamaterials made of precisely tailored bistable cells","authors":"Kuan Liang, Yaguang Wang, Yangjun Luo, Akihiro Takezawa, Xiaopeng Zhang, Zhan Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111810","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a systematic inverse design framework for constructing multistable mechanical metamaterials with programmable gradients. Herein, we designed the tailored bistable cells with precisely controlled maximum instability forces through the topology optimization approach. Then, the designed bistable structures were programmed to construct the multistable mechanical metamaterials with different target gradient snapping sequences and deformation models. Consequently, the simulation and experimental results showed the feasibility of the design method, which successfully produced two- and three-dimensional mechanical metamaterial structures with different functions. Finally, we verified the expected deformation sequences and multistable behaviors of mechanical metamaterials by testing the designed specimens prepared via additive manufacturing. Overall, our findings show that the proposed design strategy offers a new paradigm for developing precisely tailored and programmable mechanical metamaterials.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111793
Sheng Luo, Yu Ouyang, Qianglong Wei, Shuyue Lai, Yi Wu, Haowei Wang, Hongze Wang
Gas atomization (GA) is the main method to produce metal powders for additive manufacturing (AM) because of its low cost and high efficiency. However, the liquid breakup behaviors in high-speed gas flow during GA remains unclear, especially the primary breakup in the near field and the secondary breakup in the far field. Great difficulty exists in in-situ observation of the interactions between high-speed gas and high-temperature molten metal because of the limitations of the enclosed environment. Here, we built a new GA simulation system with a close-coupled atomizer utilizing liquids with low melting temperature, such as water, glycerin, etc. We use a high-speed camera to capture the evolution of liquid behaviors at various parameters. We first reveal that four primary breakup modes and four secondary breakup modes exist in the GA process, and these breakup modes significantly influence the particle size distribution (PSD) and the defects of the powder. Besides, the breakup modes are clarified by the dimensionless analysis. This manuscript provides an effective experimental platform to understand the breakup behaviors of the liquid jet in GA and suggests the optimal breakup mode for powder production.
{"title":"Understanding the breakup behaviors of liquid jet in gas atomization for powder production","authors":"Sheng Luo, Yu Ouyang, Qianglong Wei, Shuyue Lai, Yi Wu, Haowei Wang, Hongze Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111793","url":null,"abstract":"Gas atomization (GA) is the main method to produce metal powders for additive manufacturing (AM) because of its low cost and high efficiency. However, the liquid breakup behaviors in high-speed gas flow during GA remains unclear, especially the primary breakup in the near field and the secondary breakup in the far field. Great difficulty exists in in-situ observation of the interactions between high-speed gas and high-temperature molten metal because of the limitations of the enclosed environment. Here, we built a new GA simulation system with a close-coupled atomizer utilizing liquids with low melting temperature, such as water, glycerin, etc. We use a high-speed camera to capture the evolution of liquid behaviors at various parameters. We first reveal that four primary breakup modes and four secondary breakup modes exist in the GA process, and these breakup modes significantly influence the particle size distribution (PSD) and the defects of the powder. Besides, the breakup modes are clarified by the dimensionless analysis. This manuscript provides an effective experimental platform to understand the breakup behaviors of the liquid jet in GA and suggests the optimal breakup mode for powder production.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136051646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxygen has been known as an effective strengthening element in titanium (Ti) and its alloys. However, an over-dose of oxygen can also lead to embrittlement of Ti alloys. To precisely control and push the limit of oxygen in Ti and its alloys, we studied the decomposition process of Ti oxides in pure α-Ti matrix using an in-situ high-temperature scanning electron microscope. The experimental results revealed that TiO particles decomposed in α-Ti at elevated temperatures and the oxygen atoms gradually diffused into the matrix, following the Fick’s second law. Then, the samples with different oxygen contents were produced using the aforementioned strategy, for which the oxygen content, microstructure, and mechanical properties were measured. The results revealed that the oxygen content can be precisely controlled, which can achieve an ultra-high tensile strength of close to 1100 MPa, at no expense of elongation-to-failure, with incorporating 0.87 wt% oxygen. An analysis showed that the strength contribution from oxygen follows the Labusch law. These findings offer a novel approach to design high-performance Ti alloys with non-toxic and cheap elements.
{"title":"Precision control of oxygen content in CP-Ti for ultra-high strength through titanium oxide decomposition: An in-situ study","authors":"Xianzhe Shi, Xiuxia Wang, Biao Chen, Junko Umeda, Abdollah Bahador, Katsuyoshi Kondoh, Jianghua Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111797","url":null,"abstract":"Oxygen has been known as an effective strengthening element in titanium (Ti) and its alloys. However, an over-dose of oxygen can also lead to embrittlement of Ti alloys. To precisely control and push the limit of oxygen in Ti and its alloys, we studied the decomposition process of Ti oxides in pure α-Ti matrix using an in-situ high-temperature scanning electron microscope. The experimental results revealed that TiO particles decomposed in α-Ti at elevated temperatures and the oxygen atoms gradually diffused into the matrix, following the Fick’s second law. Then, the samples with different oxygen contents were produced using the aforementioned strategy, for which the oxygen content, microstructure, and mechanical properties were measured. The results revealed that the oxygen content can be precisely controlled, which can achieve an ultra-high tensile strength of close to 1100 MPa, at no expense of elongation-to-failure, with incorporating 0.87 wt% oxygen. An analysis showed that the strength contribution from oxygen follows the Labusch law. These findings offer a novel approach to design high-performance Ti alloys with non-toxic and cheap elements.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"780 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136052029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111780
Patrik Schürch, David Osenberg, Paolo Testa, Gerhard Bürki, Jakob Schwiedrzik, Johann Michler, Wabe W. Koelmans
Directly 3D-printed metal microstructures could enable hybrid micromanufacturing, combining conventional micromanufacturing with additive micromanufacturing (µAM). The microstructure’s material properties, including the electrical resistivity, are of decisive importance for a wide range of applications in microelectronics, high-frequency communication, and biomedical engineering. In this work, we present a room-temperature process for µAM of gold structures based on local electrodeposition. We demonstrate control of the electrodeposition process by regulating the precursor species supply rate through air pressure and by regulating the reaction rate through the electrodeposition potential. We 3D printed complex gold microscale structures and characterized the resistivity of the printed gold by developing hybrid devices with integrated four-point probe measurement capability. Additionally, we printed copper microwires, building on a previously shown copper µAM process, and characterized the copper resistivity. We demonstrate near-bulk resistivity values of 65 nΩ·m (about 2.5 times higher than bulk) and 19 nΩ·m (only 10% higher than bulk) for the gold and copper wires, respectively, without post-treatment. Microstructural analysis of the gold wires revealed a dense metal deposit free of voids. Finally, we printed gold structures on a pre-patterned substrate, paving the way to hybrid devices in which additive micromanufacturing is combined with existing micromanufacturing techniques.
{"title":"Direct 3D microprinting of highly conductive gold structures via localized electrodeposition","authors":"Patrik Schürch, David Osenberg, Paolo Testa, Gerhard Bürki, Jakob Schwiedrzik, Johann Michler, Wabe W. Koelmans","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111780","url":null,"abstract":"Directly 3D-printed metal microstructures could enable hybrid micromanufacturing, combining conventional micromanufacturing with additive micromanufacturing (µAM). The microstructure’s material properties, including the electrical resistivity, are of decisive importance for a wide range of applications in microelectronics, high-frequency communication, and biomedical engineering. In this work, we present a room-temperature process for µAM of gold structures based on local electrodeposition. We demonstrate control of the electrodeposition process by regulating the precursor species supply rate through air pressure and by regulating the reaction rate through the electrodeposition potential. We 3D printed complex gold microscale structures and characterized the resistivity of the printed gold by developing hybrid devices with integrated four-point probe measurement capability. Additionally, we printed copper microwires, building on a previously shown copper µAM process, and characterized the copper resistivity. We demonstrate near-bulk resistivity values of 65 nΩ·m (about 2.5 times higher than bulk) and 19 nΩ·m (only 10% higher than bulk) for the gold and copper wires, respectively, without post-treatment. Microstructural analysis of the gold wires revealed a dense metal deposit free of voids. Finally, we printed gold structures on a pre-patterned substrate, paving the way to hybrid devices in which additive micromanufacturing is combined with existing micromanufacturing techniques.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"105 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135837814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Integration of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities into a single nanoplatform can play an important role in personalized cancer therapy. In this work, an all-in-one theranostic nanoplatform (HPCT nanomicelles) for breast cancer was fabricated, composed of the synthetic polymer hyaluronan-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (HA-PCL), drug curcumin (Cur) and adjuvant tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS). HPCT nanomicelles presented adequate drug loading efficiency, excellent stability, and attractive hyaluronidase-sensitive release features. Imaging agent radionuclide 99mTc was loaded into HPCT nanomicelles (denoted as 99mTc-HPCT nanomicelles) and in vivo SPECT/CT imaging verified the HA-based nanomicelles could actively target breast cancer in mice. In vivo anti-tumor pharmacodynamic studies indicated that HPCT nanomicelles exhibited desirable anti-tumor efficacy with favorable biosafety. 99mTc-HPCT nanomicelles, integrating imaging and therapeutic modalities, have the promising potential to be an all-in-one theranostic nanoplatform for breast cancer.
{"title":"Hyaluronan-based theranostic nanomicelles for breast cancer-targeting and anticancer drug delivery","authors":"Yibin Yu, Chong Huang, Fen Chen, Weisan Pan, Ling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111551","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities into a single nanoplatform can play an important role in personalized cancer therapy. In this work, an all-in-one theranostic nanoplatform (HPCT nanomicelles) for breast cancer was fabricated, composed of the synthetic polymer hyaluronan-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (HA-PCL), drug curcumin (Cur) and adjuvant tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS). HPCT nanomicelles presented adequate drug loading efficiency, excellent stability, and attractive hyaluronidase-sensitive release features. Imaging agent radionuclide 99mTc was loaded into HPCT nanomicelles (denoted as 99mTc-HPCT nanomicelles) and in vivo SPECT/CT imaging verified the HA-based nanomicelles could actively target breast cancer in mice. In vivo anti-tumor pharmacodynamic studies indicated that HPCT nanomicelles exhibited desirable anti-tumor efficacy with favorable biosafety. 99mTc-HPCT nanomicelles, integrating imaging and therapeutic modalities, have the promising potential to be an all-in-one theranostic nanoplatform for breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134955525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111541
Yumiao He, Fengrun Sun, Mohan Li, Tianjiao Ji, Yehong Fang, Gang Tan, Chao Ma, Yuguang Huang
Pain management plays an essential role in medical care. Previous studies showed that pain is a dynamic process involving multiple mechanisms, which inspired the concept of multimodal analgesia. Therefore, a drug delivery system loaded with a single analgesic may be insufficient for pain control. In this study, an implantable thermogel/electrospun fiber (Gel/Fiber) system loaded with bupivacaine hydrochloride (BUP-HCl) and acetaminophen (APAP) was synthesized. In the composite, BUP-HCl was preferentially released from the hydrophilic thermogel to relieve nociceptive pain, followed by the release of APAP in a more sustained manner from hydrophobic fibers to reduce the inflammatory reaction. Pain behavioral study and activation assay of spinal glial cells in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model demonstrated the superior analgesic efficacy and chronic pain prevention property of the Gel/Fiber system. Furthermore, the composite exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility, as shown by histological and pharmacokinetic analysis. These results indicate that the successful sequential BUP-HCl/APAP release by a Gel/Fiber system alleviates chronic pain with good biocompatibility.Our study may pave the way for the future application of extended-delivery systems.
{"title":"A Gel/Fiber composite formulation achieves sequential delivery based on multimodal analgesia reducing chronic pain","authors":"Yumiao He, Fengrun Sun, Mohan Li, Tianjiao Ji, Yehong Fang, Gang Tan, Chao Ma, Yuguang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111541","url":null,"abstract":"Pain management plays an essential role in medical care. Previous studies showed that pain is a dynamic process involving multiple mechanisms, which inspired the concept of multimodal analgesia. Therefore, a drug delivery system loaded with a single analgesic may be insufficient for pain control. In this study, an implantable thermogel/electrospun fiber (Gel/Fiber) system loaded with bupivacaine hydrochloride (BUP-HCl) and acetaminophen (APAP) was synthesized. In the composite, BUP-HCl was preferentially released from the hydrophilic thermogel to relieve nociceptive pain, followed by the release of APAP in a more sustained manner from hydrophobic fibers to reduce the inflammatory reaction. Pain behavioral study and activation assay of spinal glial cells in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model demonstrated the superior analgesic efficacy and chronic pain prevention property of the Gel/Fiber system. Furthermore, the composite exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility, as shown by histological and pharmacokinetic analysis. These results indicate that the successful sequential BUP-HCl/APAP release by a Gel/Fiber system alleviates chronic pain with good biocompatibility.Our study may pave the way for the future application of extended-delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134955533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111595
Nan Yang, Zheng Qian, Huaxian Wei, Miao Zhao
Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) are common in energy, aerospace, optics, and medical fields. Although many works focus on substantially tuning the anisotropy for a hybrid lattice with various TPMS types, tuning the anisotropy for a single TPMS type has not been sufficiently investigated. This study proposes a skew transformation (ST) to distort TPMS lattices at the design stage, to modify their mechanical anisotropies and tailor their deformations under uniaxial loading. The ST method enables a standard TPMS lattice to increase the direction-dependent modulus without changing the lattice’s volume fraction, which is 38% higher than the theoretical Hashin–Shtrikman upper (HSU) bound for a sheet lattice. Accordingly, three-dimensional (3D) modulus surfaces were generated for ST lattices with different ST angles. Shear deformation under uniaxial compression was generated to obtain a nominal negative Poisson’s ratio of −0.66 with the combination of ST and hole design. Furthermore, the ST method was used to texture the local deformation, stress distribution, and failure form by constructing a cellular mechanical metamaterial, by combining ST and standard unit cells in a targeted texture pattern. This design concept is not limited to TPMS lattices and can be applied to other types of strut- and sheet-based lattices.
{"title":"Anisotropy and deformation of triply periodic minimal surface based lattices with skew transformation","authors":"Nan Yang, Zheng Qian, Huaxian Wei, Miao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111595","url":null,"abstract":"Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) are common in energy, aerospace, optics, and medical fields. Although many works focus on substantially tuning the anisotropy for a hybrid lattice with various TPMS types, tuning the anisotropy for a single TPMS type has not been sufficiently investigated. This study proposes a skew transformation (ST) to distort TPMS lattices at the design stage, to modify their mechanical anisotropies and tailor their deformations under uniaxial loading. The ST method enables a standard TPMS lattice to increase the direction-dependent modulus without changing the lattice’s volume fraction, which is 38% higher than the theoretical Hashin–Shtrikman upper (HSU) bound for a sheet lattice. Accordingly, three-dimensional (3D) modulus surfaces were generated for ST lattices with different ST angles. Shear deformation under uniaxial compression was generated to obtain a nominal negative Poisson’s ratio of −0.66 with the combination of ST and hole design. Furthermore, the ST method was used to texture the local deformation, stress distribution, and failure form by constructing a cellular mechanical metamaterial, by combining ST and standard unit cells in a targeted texture pattern. This design concept is not limited to TPMS lattices and can be applied to other types of strut- and sheet-based lattices.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135076338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the distinct design concept, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) exhibit unusual properties and lead an emerging new field. In this work, we show that a typical face-centered cubic crystalline phase CoCrFeNiMn HEA can be readily transformed into the amorphous phase under the ultrasonic vibration treatment (UVT) at a frequency of 20000 Hz. The nanoscale hierarchical features include twins, stacking faults bands, hexagonal-close packed phase bands and even amorphous bands can be obviously identified in samples treated by different UVT energies. The dominant mechanism of ultrasonic vibration-induced amorphization is that the grain refinement promotes the formation of amorphous phases when the defect density at the grain boundaries reaches a critical level. In addition, the mechanical instability is easily induced by ultrasonic vibration at high strain rate to generate amorphous phase inside the grains. As a consequence of UVT, the HEA samples revealed significant mechanical performance improvement owing to the microstructure evolution especially the generation of amorphous phase, such as yielding strength and hardness. This rapid amorphization process provides not only a candidate strengthening mechanism for HEA, but also a novel approach to unveil the pending crystal-amorphous transition problem.
{"title":"Rapid amorphization of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy under ultrasonic vibrations","authors":"Caitao Fan, Luyao Li, Wenxin Wen, Hongzhen Li, Jianan Fu, Wenqing Ruan, Shuai Ren, Sajad Sohrabi, Zhenxuan Zhang, Xiong Liang, Jiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111575","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the distinct design concept, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) exhibit unusual properties and lead an emerging new field. In this work, we show that a typical face-centered cubic crystalline phase CoCrFeNiMn HEA can be readily transformed into the amorphous phase under the ultrasonic vibration treatment (UVT) at a frequency of 20000 Hz. The nanoscale hierarchical features include twins, stacking faults bands, hexagonal-close packed phase bands and even amorphous bands can be obviously identified in samples treated by different UVT energies. The dominant mechanism of ultrasonic vibration-induced amorphization is that the grain refinement promotes the formation of amorphous phases when the defect density at the grain boundaries reaches a critical level. In addition, the mechanical instability is easily induced by ultrasonic vibration at high strain rate to generate amorphous phase inside the grains. As a consequence of UVT, the HEA samples revealed significant mechanical performance improvement owing to the microstructure evolution especially the generation of amorphous phase, such as yielding strength and hardness. This rapid amorphization process provides not only a candidate strengthening mechanism for HEA, but also a novel approach to unveil the pending crystal-amorphous transition problem.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136256572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of yttrium (Y) addition on the microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of Inconel 718 have been investigated. Alloys containing a range of Y (0–0.58 wt%) were fabricated using selective laser melting, followed by solution and aging heat treatment. The mechanical properties were evaluated by high-temperature (650 °C) tensile and creep tests. The results showed that Y addition up to 0.07 wt% enhanced both tensile and creep ductility. Ductility was the highest in the 0.07 wt% Y-added specimen; further increases in Y content reduced both tensile and creep ductility. The ductility improvement by the small addition of Y was attributable to the grain boundary segregation of Y, which led to the morphological change of the δ phase precipitates and the stabilization of oxygen by forming Y2O3 at grain boundaries. However, the beneficial effect of Y on ductility was suppressed when Y content exceeded 0.07 wt%, owing to the precipitation of Y-rich Ni5Y and NbC phases at intergranular and interdendritic regions. On the other hand, the specimens with high Y contents were mechanically strengthened by the solid solution of Y and by the precipitation of Ni5Y and NbC phases.
{"title":"The role of yttrium micro-alloying on microstructure evolution and high-temperature mechanical properties of additively manufactured Inconel 718","authors":"Thaviti Naidu Palleda, Santhosh Banoth, Mikiko Tanaka, Hideyuki Murakami, Koji Kakehi","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111567","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of yttrium (Y) addition on the microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of Inconel 718 have been investigated. Alloys containing a range of Y (0–0.58 wt%) were fabricated using selective laser melting, followed by solution and aging heat treatment. The mechanical properties were evaluated by high-temperature (650 °C) tensile and creep tests. The results showed that Y addition up to 0.07 wt% enhanced both tensile and creep ductility. Ductility was the highest in the 0.07 wt% Y-added specimen; further increases in Y content reduced both tensile and creep ductility. The ductility improvement by the small addition of Y was attributable to the grain boundary segregation of Y, which led to the morphological change of the δ phase precipitates and the stabilization of oxygen by forming Y2O3 at grain boundaries. However, the beneficial effect of Y on ductility was suppressed when Y content exceeded 0.07 wt%, owing to the precipitation of Y-rich Ni5Y and NbC phases at intergranular and interdendritic regions. On the other hand, the specimens with high Y contents were mechanically strengthened by the solid solution of Y and by the precipitation of Ni5Y and NbC phases.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134955357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111547
Caiyan Wang, Haijie Zhou, Shuping Wen, Zhilin Chen, Yuhong Du, Lei Shi, Bin Li
Metal-organic porous materials (MOPMs), represented by the famous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have attracted extensive attention in recent years. While MOFs are unstable in nature, they are constructed by coordination bond with low bond energies (<30 kJ/mol). This work proposed a series of metallocene-based covalent metal–organic porous polymers (CMOPPs). The obtained materials show the incredible ability with resistance to air, water, as well as even to high concentration of HCl or NaOH. Additionally, the metallocene-based CMOPPs possess a specific surface area (SSA) value as high as 716.3 m2g−1, abundant micropores, high heterogeneous catalysis and redox activity. The pyrolyzed derivatives at high temperatures consist of Fe3C/C and Fe/C nanostructures, and possess characteristic ferromagnetism. Generally, constructing of stable MOPMs is realized by strong covalent bond bridging. This work opens a new world of MOPMs which have a great potential to apply in catalysis, electrochemistry, adsorption, separation, gas storage, and so on.
{"title":"Metallocene-based covalent metal-organic porous polymers and their derivatives","authors":"Caiyan Wang, Haijie Zhou, Shuping Wen, Zhilin Chen, Yuhong Du, Lei Shi, Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111547","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-organic porous materials (MOPMs), represented by the famous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have attracted extensive attention in recent years. While MOFs are unstable in nature, they are constructed by coordination bond with low bond energies (<30 kJ/mol). This work proposed a series of metallocene-based covalent metal–organic porous polymers (CMOPPs). The obtained materials show the incredible ability with resistance to air, water, as well as even to high concentration of HCl or NaOH. Additionally, the metallocene-based CMOPPs possess a specific surface area (SSA) value as high as 716.3 m2g−1, abundant micropores, high heterogeneous catalysis and redox activity. The pyrolyzed derivatives at high temperatures consist of Fe3C/C and Fe/C nanostructures, and possess characteristic ferromagnetism. Generally, constructing of stable MOPMs is realized by strong covalent bond bridging. This work opens a new world of MOPMs which have a great potential to apply in catalysis, electrochemistry, adsorption, separation, gas storage, and so on.","PeriodicalId":101318,"journal":{"name":"MATERIALS & DESIGN","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134955792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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