Infectious disorders drug targets最新文献

Objective: The present study aimed to carry out the molecular identification of some bacteria in seminal fluid and investigation of their effects on semen quality Methods: The research cohort comprised 80 infertile individuals and 80 men with no fer-tility issues. Evaluation of sperm characteristics adhered to the protocols outlined by the World Health Organization. Detection and verification of pathogens were carried out by PCR.

Results: The prevalence of bacteriospermia in the semen of the infertile group exhibited a noticeable increase compared to the control group (p<0.05). The most abundant species in the semen of infertile men was Ureaplasma urealyticum (7.5%, p<0.05), followed by En-terococcus faecalis (6.25%, p>0.05). However, Streptococcus agalactiae was not found in any of the abnormal samples. In addition, we showed that Ureaplasma urealyticum signif-icantly affected the motility and morphology parameters. But, the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus agalactiae in semen samples of men does not lead to abnormal sperm production. Besides, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of volume, but there was a significant difference in morphology, count, and total motility (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Bacteriospermia is linked to modifications in the characteristics of seminal fluid, potentially resulting in a reduction in the fertilization capacity of spermatozoa. Fur-thermore, Ureaplasma urealyticum is correlated with changes in semen properties that could contribute to a decrease in sperm fertilization potential.

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can cause acute and chronic viral infections. Due to their higher costs, potential side effects and drug interactions, and associated risks, some patients with HCV and HBV infections may not be able to afford conventional antiviral medications.

Objective: The goal of this review paper is to highlight the advantages of Nigella sativa, or black seeds, in the treatment of patients with HCV and HBV infections.

Methods: Medline/Pubmed/PMC, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Di-rect, Ebsco, Embase, and reference lists were searched to locate the research studies that assessed the effects of different black seed (N. sativa) preparations on the telltale signs and symptoms of HCV and HBV infections.

Results: Numerous preclinical and clinical investigations have suggested that black seeds (N. sativa) may be effective against HCV and HBV infections. Furthermore, N. sativa, or black seeds, have demonstrated a range of pleiotropic effects, such as antiviral activity against multiple other viruses and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties that can lessen the symptoms and indicators of HCV and HBV infections.

Conclusion: Patients with HCV and HBV infections may benefit from using black seeds (N. sativa) as an adjuvant therapy in addition to conventional therapy. Additional random-ized controlled clinical trials would confirm the safety and effectiveness of Nigella sativa (black seeds) in treating HCV and HBV infections.

Background and objectives: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is one of the deadliest viral diseases in history, rapidly spreading to other parts of the world. Due to frequent travel, the popularity of tourism, public international contacts, and imported goods, Ebola is consid-ered a threat to people around the world. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the status of epidemiology, pathophysiology, virology, clinical symptoms, diag-nosis, prevention, treatment, and classification of EVD.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted in the spring of 2024 by searching English articles using desired keywords in PubMed, Google Scholar, ISC, Scopus, and Web of Sci-ence databases without time limits. The search strategy was based on the PRISMA 2020 statement.

Results: Frequent outbreaks of EVD have caused numerous deaths and complications. Since the virus may lead to a pandemic, its prevention is of great importance due to its high potential to cause a significant physical and economic burden.

Conclusion: Hence, there is an urgent need to conduct clinical trials on EVD to develop possible treatments and strategies to prevent any further outbreaks of the disease.

Background: Both tuberculosis and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) are known to be notorious for causing fistulas due to their characteristics of persis-tent, difficult-to-treat infections that lead to chronic inflammation, abscess formation, and tissue necrosis. There are several case reports highlighting the invasiveness and potential for fistula formation associated with both tuberculosis and MRSA infections independently, but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a utero-cutaneous fistula caused by chronic infection due to MRSA, superadded on genital tuberculosis.

Case presentation: A 35-year-old female, P3L3, visited the gynaecology outpatient depart-ment nine months after her last caesarean section with the complaint of severe pain and blood discharge from the transverse supra-pubic scar during menstruation. On evaluation, she was found to be chronically infected with MRSA and have genital tuberculosis only after histo-pathologic examination of the fistulous tract and tubo-ovarian abscess.

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering genital tuberculosis in pa-tients with atypical or refractory post-surgical complications and emphasizes the need for a thorough and multidisciplinary approach to its management.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) in patients with COVID-19-induced severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: The intervention group consisted of eligible patients with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a university hospital. We selected the control group from admitted patients treated in the same ICU within the same period. The intervention group received intravenous tPA as 10 mg stat, 40 mg over the first 2 hours, and 25-50 mg over the next 10 hours, followed by a therapeutic dose of enoxaparin. The control group only received the therapeutic dose of enoxaparin. The main outcomes were the rise of SpO2 within 24 hours of tPA administration, critical bleeding during tPA administration, 28-day in-hospital mortality following admission to the ICU, and length of stay in the ICU.

Results: We analyzed two sets of 15 patients in the intervention (mean age: 45 years, 69% male) and the control (mean age: 50 years, 50% male) groups. There was rapid relief of dyspnea and SpO2 rising within 24 hours in seven cases (45%) only in the intervention group with no significant organ-threatening bleeding. Death was observed in 5 of the tPA-treated patients (33.3%) versus 10 (66.7%) of the controls [adjusted OR (95%CI): 0.17 (0.03, 0.98), P value =0.068].

Conclusion: The administration of intravenous tPA as 10mg stat, 40 mg during 2 hours, and 50mg during the next 10 hours is safe, can cause a rapid relief of dyspnea, and be lifesaving.

Background: In this article, we present the results of a multicenter clinical trial of IFN-γ in patients with drug-susceptible and drug-resistant pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) in routine clinical practice.

Objective: This study aimed to confirm the efficacy and safety of IFN-γ administered to patients with TB.

Methods: All patients were diagnosed with TB after being tested by bacterioscopic and molecular genetic methods and had no contraindications to standard chemotherapy.

Results: Recombinant human IFN-γ proved high efficacy in multi-center clinical trials in routine TB practice.

Conclusion: The results show that IFN-γ is efficient and safe in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

This article explores the Human Monkeypox Virus (MPV), a contagious virus that causes disease in both vertebrates and insects. It originated in Denmark in 1958 and expanded beyond Africa during the 1970s. The virus was initially detected in the United States in 2003 following the hospitalisation of a toddler who had been bitten by a prairie dog. The article examines the identification of the virus, its categorization into two genetic groups with different levels of harmfulness, and its genetic changes over time due to specific influences. Additionally, it investigates the immunological reaction to MPXV, encompassing both the innate and adaptive systems. This article also addresses the diagnostic difficulties presented by MPXV's resemblance to other orthopoxviruses and the progress made in molecular diagnostics. The paper analyses different therapeutic interventions, such as tecovirimat, an antiviral medication, and JYNNEOS, a vaccine, in terms of their efficacy, potential drawbacks, and the difficulties encountered in managing outbreaks. The future outlook emphasises the necessity of inventive research methodologies, worldwide monitoring, and individualised medical treatments to counteract the dissemination of MPXV and alleviate its consequences on public health.

Posaconazole is an antifungal medication used primarily to treat invasive fungal infections caused by various organisms, such as Aspergillus, Candida, and certain molds. It belongs to the class of drugs known as triazole antifungals. Clinical studies have reported posaconazole to be effective in treating various invasive fungal infections, especially in patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, undergoing chemotherapy, or having received an organ transplant. It has effectively treated invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, zygomycosis, and other serious fungal infections. The effectiveness of the drug varies based on factors, such as the type of infection, the patient's immune status, and the site of infection. This review describes the types of infection, the drug's safety profile, the development of resistance to posaconazole, and strategies to manage or prevent resistance.