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Bovine anaplasmosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis on the global prevalence. 牛无形体病:关于全球发病率的系统综述和荟萃分析。
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.001

Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, is a significant infectious disease affecting cattle populations globally. However, the prevalence and distribution of bovine anaplasmosis vary across regions, making it crucial to assess its global burden systematically. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the global prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis and synthesized data from diverse geographic regions. A literature search was conducted to identify all relevant published articles reporting the prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis and a total of 164 studies were found eligible for final systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using meta package of R software and summary estimates of the prevalence were calculated. Meta-analysis of 129,851 samples from 42 countries was conducted and the overall estimated prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis was found to be 38% (100% CI = 33% - 42%). The prevalence was found to be higher in cattle (39.9%) in comparison to yaks (6.4%). Diagnosis using serology (40.2%) yielded a higher prevalence compared to molecular testing (38.3%) and blood smears (22.4%) methods. Additionally, there were significant differences in the prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis between different countries (p<0.05). This study will inform evidence-based strategies for control and prevention of bovine anaplasmosis on a global scale by discovering the true extent of the disease and identifying high-prevalence areas.

由边缘无形体(Anaplasma marginale)引起的牛无形体病是影响全球牛群的一种重要传染病。然而,牛无形体病在不同地区的流行和分布情况各不相同,因此系统地评估其全球负担至关重要。本研究旨在全面了解牛无形体病在全球的流行情况,并综合不同地区的数据。研究人员通过文献检索找出了所有报道牛无形体病流行情况的相关已发表文章,最后发现共有 164 项研究符合系统综述和荟萃分析的条件。荟萃分析使用 R 软件的荟萃软件包进行,并计算出流行率的概要估计值。对来自 42 个国家的 129,851 个样本进行了元分析,发现牛无形体病的总体估计流行率为 38%(100% CI = 33% - 42%)。牛的发病率(39.9%)高于牦牛(6.4%)。与分子检测(38.3%)和血液涂片(22.4%)方法相比,血清学诊断(40.2%)的患病率更高。此外,不同国家之间的牛无形体病流行率存在显著差异(p
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引用次数: 0
New peperomin and polyketides from dichloromethane extract of Peperomia blanda Jack. (Kunth). 从 Peperomia blanda Jack.(Kunth)。
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.015
W M Al-Madhagi, O Sharhan, B Jadan, N M Hashim, N Awadh, R Othman

Much of the new research and investigation in pharmacy sciences are concerned with developing therapeutic agents, and identifying and finding new drugs with their chemical structure to treat different human diseases such as infectious diseases from natural products. Therefore, the present findings relate to isolating five new compounds the dichloromethane extract of Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth grown on Socotra Island, Yemen. two new secolignans; which have been proposed as peperomin I & J. These compounds were isolated together with the other two polyketides presented as surinone D and dindygulerione F. The chemical structures were elucidated and confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS) analysis. These compounds were first isolated and reported from this plant. These new compounds' antimicrobial activity has been evaluated, and minimum inhibitory concentration has been recorded in the range of 125-250 µg/mL. The pharmacotherapeutic spectrum of compounds was predicated using PASS software which showed potential activity.

药学科学的许多新研究和调查都与开发治疗药物有关,并从天然产品中鉴定和寻找具有化学结构的新药物来治疗不同的人类疾病,如传染病。因此,目前的研究结果涉及从生长在也门索科特拉岛的 Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth 的二氯甲烷提取物中分离出五种新化合物,其中有两种新的仲木素,被认为是 peperomin I 和 J。这些化合物是首次从这种植物中分离和报道的。对这些新化合物的抗菌活性进行了评估,最低抑菌浓度为 125-250 µg/mL。使用 PASS 软件预测了这些化合物的药理治疗谱,结果显示它们具有潜在的活性。
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引用次数: 0
Parasitic coinfections among selected smallholder goat flocks in Malaysia. 马来西亚部分小农羊群中的寄生虫共感染。
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.010
B T Paul, F A A Jesse, J Kamaludeen, E L T Chung, K Mat Isa, N A Azhar, Y A Jimale, M A Mohd Lila

This paper describes the occurrence of multiple parasitic infection with special reference to emerging haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis. A cross-sectional survey of four selected goat flocks was conducted to collect samples and management information. Blood samples were processed using microhaematocrit centrifugation to determine the packed cell volume (PCV). Detection and morphological identification of blood protozoa and haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis from Giemsa-stained smears were done microscopically. M. ovis infection was classified mild (1-29% infected cells), moderate (30-59% infected cells), or severe (above 60% infected cells). Faecal floatation and McMaster faecal egg count were used to detect and classify strongyle infections as negative (no eggs/oocysts), light (< 500 epg), Moderate (500 - 1000 epg), or severe (>1000 epg) and coccidia infection as light (<1800 opg), moderate (1800 - 6000 opg), or severe (>6000 opg). There were 149 goats with blood protozoa (57.98%; 95% CI: 51.87 - 63.85) and 204 goats with GI parasites (79.38%; 95% CI: 74.02 - 83.87) involved in single (15.8%; 95% CI: 11.7 - 21.0) or multiple (84.2%; 95% CI: 79.0 - 88.3) infections. The risk of Strongyles increases by 2.49 (95% CI: 1.24 - 4.99) in females versus males and 6.79 (95% CI: 3.25 - 14.18, p =0.000) in adults versus young. The risk of Eimeria species increases by 7.32 (95% CI: 3.45 - 15.50, p =0.000) in adults versus young, while M. ovis coinfection risk increases by 4.51 (95% CI: 1.40 - 14.50, p =0.000) in female versus males. Thin animals had a significantly higher (p<0.05) mean burden of Strongyle (1370.37 ± 345.49) and Eimeria (1594.12 ± 695.26) than the moderate and fat goats. The PCV was negatively associated with mean faecal egg count (FEC) (p<0.05) such that a lower PCV was recorded in animals with a higher Strongyle epg output. A severe burden of M. ovis was accompanied by an increased nematode FEC and decreased haematocrit (p<0.05). Coinfections of Strongyles, or Eimeria species involving M. ovis were associated with a higher parasitaemia compared with single infections (p<0.05). This study highlights the importance of M. ovis and Strongyle or Eimeria species coinfections among goat flocks and provides valuable data for developing and implementing an integrated herd health management program for parasite control among low-input smallholder flocks.

本文介绍了多种寄生虫感染的发生情况,并特别提到了新出现的致血支原体(Mycoplasma ovis)。对四个选定的山羊群进行了横断面调查,以收集样本和管理信息。血液样本用微血细胞比容离心法处理,以确定包装细胞体积(PCV)。在显微镜下从革兰氏染色的涂片中检测血液原虫和致血支原体,并进行形态学鉴定。支原体感染分为轻度(1%-29%的感染细胞)、中度(30%-59%的感染细胞)和重度(60%以上的感染细胞)。粪便浮游物和麦克马斯特粪便虫卵计数用于检测强疟原虫感染,并将其分为阴性(无虫卵/虫体)、轻度(< 500 epg)、中度(500 - 1000 epg)或重度(>1000 epg),球虫感染分为轻度(6000 opg)。有 149 只山羊感染了血液原虫(57.98%;95% CI:51.87 - 63.85),204 只山羊感染了消化道寄生虫(79.38%;95% CI:74.02 - 83.87),涉及单次感染(15.8%;95% CI:11.7 - 21.0)或多次感染(84.2%;95% CI:79.0 - 88.3)。女性感染弓形虫的风险比男性高 2.49(95% CI:1.24 - 4.99),成年人感染弓形虫的风险比年轻人高 6.79(95% CI:3.25 - 14.18,P =0.000)。成年动物与幼年动物相比,感染艾美耳菌的风险增加了 7.32 (95% CI: 3.45 - 15.50, p =0.000),而雌性动物与雄性动物相比,同时感染猫鼬的风险增加了 4.51 (95% CI: 1.40 - 14.50, p =0.000)。瘦弱的动物比瘦小的动物(p
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引用次数: 0
A non-toxic recombinant protein rSUMO-CPBm4 as a potential vaccine candidate against Clostridium perfringens type C beta enterotoxemia. 一种无毒重组蛋白 rSUMO-CPBm4 可作为预防 C 型产气荚膜梭菌 beta 肠毒血症的候选疫苗。
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.004
Y Goa, J G Du, C Jirapattharasate, E Galon, S W Ji, Z G Ran, Y Q Xia

Beta toxin (CPB) is a lethal toxin and plays a key role in enterotoxemia of ruminants caused by Clostridium perfringens type C strain. The existing vaccines based on crude CPB need time-consuming detoxification and difficult quality control steps. In this study, we synthesized the rCPBm4 of C. perfringens type C strain and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-tag CPBm4 (rSUMO-CPBm4) by introducing four amino acid substitutions: R212E, Y266A, L268G, and W275A. Compared with rCPBm4, rSUMO-CPBm4 was expressed with higher solubility in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Neither rCPBm4 nor rSUMO-CPBm4 was lethal to mice. Although rCPBm4 and rSUMO-CPBm4 were reactogenic with polyclonal antibodies against crude CPB, rabbits vaccinated with rSUMO-CPBm4 developed significant levels of toxin-neutralizing antibody (TNA) titers that conferred protection against crude toxin challenge. These data suggest that genetically detoxified rSUMO-CPBm4 is a promising subunit vaccine candidate for C. perfringens type C beta enterotoxemia.

贝塔毒素(CPB)是一种致命毒素,在 C 型产气荚膜梭菌引起的反刍动物肠毒血症中起着关键作用。现有的基于粗制 CPB 的疫苗需要耗时的解毒和困难的质量控制步骤。在本研究中,我们通过引入四个氨基酸取代,合成了 C 型产气荚膜梭菌的 rCPBm4 和小泛素样修饰物(SUMO)标签 CPBm4(rSUMO-CPBm4):R212E、Y266A、L268G 和 W275A。与 rCPBm4 相比,rSUMO-CPBm4 在大肠杆菌 BL21 (DE3) 中的表达溶解度更高。rCPBm4 和 rSUMO-CPBm4 都不会使小鼠致死。虽然 rCPBm4 和 rSUMO-CPBm4 与针对粗制 CPB 的多克隆抗体有反应性,但接种了 rSUMO-CPBm4 的兔子体内产生了大量毒素中和抗体 (TNA),这些抗体能保护兔子免受粗制毒素的挑战。这些数据表明,基因解毒的 rSUMO-CPBm4 是一种很有前景的候选亚单位疫苗,可用于治疗 C 型产气荚膜杆菌肠毒血症。
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引用次数: 0
Inhibition of choline kinase as an antiamoebic approach in Entamoeba histolytica infection. 将抑制胆碱激酶作为一种治疗组织溶解恩塔米巴虫感染的抗阿米巴疗法。
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.008
Z H Teh, B H Lim, W C See Too, L L Few

Entamoeba histolytica is the parasite responsible for amoebiasis, which can result in amoebic colitis or amoebic liver abscess. Metronidazole has been the conventional treatment for intestinal amoebiasis, but concerns regarding resistance have emerged due to the identification of resistance pathways in E. histolytica. This study investigates a novel anti-amoebic approach targeting the CDP-choline pathway. Inhibition studies were conducted using potential choline kinase (CK) inhibitors to inhibit the EhCK enzyme, and RNA interference was employed to knock down the EhCK gene. Km and Vmax of purified EhCK and hCKa2 proteins were determined by pyruvate kinase-lactate dehydrogenase (PK-LDH) coupled assay. The IC50 values for EhCK and hCKa2 were determined with several commercial CK inhibitors. Selected inhibitors were incubated with E. histolytica trophozoites for 48 hours to determine the EC50 for each inhibitor. Silencing of gene encoding EhCK was carried out using duplex siRNA and the gene expression level was measured by real-time qPCR. Based on the IC50 values, three of the inhibitors, namely CK37, flavopiridol and H-89 were more potent against EhCK than hCKa2. Trophozoites growth inhibition showed that only HDTAB, H-89 and control drug metronidazole could penetrate and induce cell death after 48-hour incubation. siRNA concentration of 10 µg/mL was used for the transfection of positive control GAPDH, EhCK, and non-targeting GFP siRNAs. RNAi experiment concluded with positive control GAPDH downregulated by 99% while the level of EhCK mRNA was downregulated by 47%. In this study, potential inhibitors of EhCK and siRNA have been identified, paving the way for further refinement and testing to enhance their potency against EhCK while sparing hCK. The utilization of these specific inhibitors and siRNA targeting EhCK represents a novel approach to impede the growth of E. histolytica by disrupting its phospholipid synthesis pathway.

组织溶解恩塔米巴虫是引起阿米巴病的寄生虫,可导致阿米巴结肠炎或阿米巴肝脓肿。甲硝唑一直是治疗肠阿米巴病的常规药物,但由于发现了组织溶解性埃塔莫阿米巴的抗药性途径,人们开始担心抗药性问题。本研究针对 CDP-choline 途径研究了一种新型抗阿米巴病方法。研究人员使用潜在的胆碱酯酶(CK)抑制剂来抑制 EhCK 酶,并使用 RNA 干扰来敲除 EhCK 基因。丙酮酸激酶-乳酸脱氢酶(PK-LDH)偶联测定了纯化的EhCK和hCKa2蛋白的Km和Vmax。用几种商用 CK 抑制剂测定了 EhCK 和 hCKa2 的 IC50 值。将选定的抑制剂与溶组织埃希氏菌滋养体孵育 48 小时,以确定每种抑制剂的 EC50 值。使用双链 siRNA 沉默编码 EhCK 的基因,并通过实时 qPCR 检测基因表达水平。根据 IC50 值,三种抑制剂,即 CK37、flavopiridol 和 H-89 对 EhCK 的抑制作用强于 hCKa2。滋养体生长抑制实验表明,培养 48 小时后,只有 HDTAB、H-89 和对照药甲硝唑能穿透细胞并诱导细胞死亡。 siRNA 浓度为 10 µg/mL,用于转染阳性对照 GAPDH、EhCK 和非靶向 GFP siRNA。RNAi 实验结果表明,阳性对照 GAPDH 下调了 99%,而 EhCK mRNA 水平下调了 47%。本研究发现了 EhCK 和 siRNA 的潜在抑制剂,为进一步改进和测试这些抑制剂铺平了道路,以提高它们对 EhCK 的效力,同时保护 hCK。利用这些特异性抑制剂和靶向 EhCK 的 siRNA 是通过破坏组织溶解虫磷脂合成途径来阻碍其生长的一种新方法。
{"title":"Inhibition of choline kinase as an antiamoebic approach in Entamoeba histolytica infection.","authors":"Z H Teh, B H Lim, W C See Too, L L Few","doi":"10.47665/tb.40.4.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47665/tb.40.4.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Entamoeba histolytica is the parasite responsible for amoebiasis, which can result in amoebic colitis or amoebic liver abscess. Metronidazole has been the conventional treatment for intestinal amoebiasis, but concerns regarding resistance have emerged due to the identification of resistance pathways in E. histolytica. This study investigates a novel anti-amoebic approach targeting the CDP-choline pathway. Inhibition studies were conducted using potential choline kinase (CK) inhibitors to inhibit the EhCK enzyme, and RNA interference was employed to knock down the EhCK gene. K<sub>m</sub> and V<sub>max</sub> of purified EhCK and hCKa2 proteins were determined by pyruvate kinase-lactate dehydrogenase (PK-LDH) coupled assay. The IC<sub>50</sub> values for EhCK and hCKa2 were determined with several commercial CK inhibitors. Selected inhibitors were incubated with E. histolytica trophozoites for 48 hours to determine the EC50 for each inhibitor. Silencing of gene encoding EhCK was carried out using duplex siRNA and the gene expression level was measured by real-time qPCR. Based on the IC<sub>50</sub> values, three of the inhibitors, namely CK37, flavopiridol and H-89 were more potent against EhCK than hCKa2. Trophozoites growth inhibition showed that only HDTAB, H-89 and control drug metronidazole could penetrate and induce cell death after 48-hour incubation. siRNA concentration of 10 µg/mL was used for the transfection of positive control GAPDH, EhCK, and non-targeting GFP siRNAs. RNAi experiment concluded with positive control GAPDH downregulated by 99% while the level of EhCK mRNA was downregulated by 47%. In this study, potential inhibitors of EhCK and siRNA have been identified, paving the way for further refinement and testing to enhance their potency against EhCK while sparing hCK. The utilization of these specific inhibitors and siRNA targeting EhCK represents a novel approach to impede the growth of E. histolytica by disrupting its phospholipid synthesis pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"40 4","pages":"430-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two new records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) from the Oriental honey buzzard [Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821)] and house crow (Corvus splendens Viellot, 1817) in Malaysia. 马来西亚东方蜜蜂[Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821)]和家鸦[Corvus splendens Viellot, 1817]咀嚼虱(Phthiraptera: Amblycera)的两项新记录。
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.006
A R Kazim, J Houssaini, D Tappe, C C Heo, S Vellayan

We report two new records of chewing lice from avian pets in Peninsular Malaysia: Colpocephalum apivorus Tendeiro, 1958 from an Oriental honey buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821)), and Myrsidea splendenticola Klockenhoff, 1973 from an albino house crow (Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817). The scarcity of louse records from avian pets and wild birds, and the lack of louse research in Malaysia are discussed.

我们报告了马来西亚半岛鸟类宠物咀嚼虱的两项新记录:它们分别是:Colpocephalum apivorus Tendeiro, 1958,来自东方蜜蜂(Pernis ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821));Myrsidea splendenticola Klockenhoff, 1973,来自白化家鸦(Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817)。本文讨论了鸟类宠物和野生鸟类虱子记录的稀缺性,以及马来西亚缺乏虱子研究的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Investigations of clinical characteristics and inflammatory markers of febrile seizures induced by coronavirus infection. 冠状病毒感染诱发热性惊厥的临床特征和炎症标志物研究。
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.009
L Zhao, H Y Wu, D Xie, L M Mo, F F Yang, Y Gao, X L Zhao, Y Z He

The study of children who experienced with febrile seizures(FS) as a result of COVID-19 infection to gain insight into the clinical characteristics and prognosis of neurological damage, with the aim of improving prevention, diagnosis, and the treatment of neurological complications. This study investigated the clinical features of 53 children with FS who were admitted to Sanya Women and Children's Hospital from December 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. The results indicated that the duration of convulsion in the case and control group was 7.90±8.91 and 2.67±1.23 (minutes) respectively. The analysis reveals that convulsions occurred within 24 hours in 39 cases (95.12%) of the case group, and in 8 cases (66.7%) of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Additionally, the case group presented lower counts of WBC and NEU compared to the control group (p<0.05). The findings indicate that convulsions manifest at earlier stages of COVID-19 in children and the last longer than in the control group. It is therefore crucial for healthcare workers to remain attentive to patients with COVID-19 who report fever within 24 hours, and act promptly to implement preventive measures, particularly in cases of prolonged fever. It is essential to integrate the clinical manifestation, particularly convulsions, and the continuous numerical changes of inflammatory factors to assess COVID-19 linked with febrile seizures. In addition, larger-scale multi-center and systematic research are necessary to aid clinicians in monitoring neuropathological signals and biological targets, enabling more equitable diagnosis and treatment plans.

研究COVID-19感染导致的发热性惊厥(FS)患儿,以了解神经系统损害的临床特征和预后,从而改善神经系统并发症的预防、诊断和治疗。本研究调查了三亚市妇女儿童医院自2022年12月1日至2023年1月31日收治的53名FS患儿的临床特征。结果显示,病例组和对照组的惊厥持续时间分别为(7.90±8.91)分钟和(2.67±1.23)分钟。分析显示,病例组有 39 例(95.12%)和对照组有 8 例(66.7%)在 24 小时内发生抽搐。差异具有统计学意义(P
{"title":"Investigations of clinical characteristics and inflammatory markers of febrile seizures induced by coronavirus infection.","authors":"L Zhao, H Y Wu, D Xie, L M Mo, F F Yang, Y Gao, X L Zhao, Y Z He","doi":"10.47665/tb.40.4.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47665/tb.40.4.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of children who experienced with febrile seizures(FS) as a result of COVID-19 infection to gain insight into the clinical characteristics and prognosis of neurological damage, with the aim of improving prevention, diagnosis, and the treatment of neurological complications. This study investigated the clinical features of 53 children with FS who were admitted to Sanya Women and Children's Hospital from December 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. The results indicated that the duration of convulsion in the case and control group was 7.90±8.91 and 2.67±1.23 (minutes) respectively. The analysis reveals that convulsions occurred within 24 hours in 39 cases (95.12%) of the case group, and in 8 cases (66.7%) of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Additionally, the case group presented lower counts of WBC and NEU compared to the control group (p<0.05). The findings indicate that convulsions manifest at earlier stages of COVID-19 in children and the last longer than in the control group. It is therefore crucial for healthcare workers to remain attentive to patients with COVID-19 who report fever within 24 hours, and act promptly to implement preventive measures, particularly in cases of prolonged fever. It is essential to integrate the clinical manifestation, particularly convulsions, and the continuous numerical changes of inflammatory factors to assess COVID-19 linked with febrile seizures. In addition, larger-scale multi-center and systematic research are necessary to aid clinicians in monitoring neuropathological signals and biological targets, enabling more equitable diagnosis and treatment plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"40 4","pages":"439-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of Fasciola and Paramphistomes co-infection in large ruminants through faecal egg counts around Taiping, Malaysia. 通过马来西亚太平附近的粪蛋计数评估大型反刍动物中的筋膜和附体共同感染。
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.3.011
N Che-Kamaruddin, N M M Isa

Emerging cases of Fasciola and Paramphistomes co-infection have been reported, especially in tropical regions. Thisis due to Fasciola and Paramphistomes sharing biological factors which influence the pattern of transmission, especially in faecal egg shedding due to interaction and competition in the definitive host. Most reports surveyed the occurrence of fasciolosis in ruminants with a lack of observation of faecal egg distribution. Therefore, present study is aimed to assess the distribution of Fasciola and Paramphistomes faecal egg count (fec) in co-infected large ruminants in Larut, Matang, and Selama areas (Taiping). A total of 371 faecal samples were collected at random from 23 ruminant herds. Flukefinder® sedimentation was used to quantify the Fasciola and Paramphistomes eggs. Descriptive analyses were performed to determine the prevalence of co-infections, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to correlate the fec. Overall, the prevalence of Fasciola and Paramphistomes co-infection was 23.7% (n=89/371) in Taiping. Prevalence of paramphistomosis was always higher than fasciolosis in overall and single infection, with 46.9% (n=174/371) and 22.9% (n=85/371) compared to 36.9% (n=137/371) and 12.9% (n=48/371) respectively. Egg per gram (epg) of both parasites were positively skewed with a median of 1.5 epg in fasciolosis and 10.5 epg in paramphistomosis. Spearman correlation analysis of the epg in co-infected bovine was found to have a moderately positive correlation with rs=0.39 (p-value<0.01). The recent study observed a moderate prevalence of Fasciola and Paramphistomes coinfection in a large ruminant population from Taiping, with the prevalence of paramphistomosis being higher than fasciolosis. Hence, this suggests that infection with one of these parasites increases the chance of infection with another. There is a need to integrate fec in parasite surveillance to monitor the trend of parasite transmission. Findings in the present study could tailor control strategies, especially for fasciolosis to limit the economic loss and prevent zoonotic transmission.

有报道称,新出现的筋膜和附体共同感染病例,特别是在热带地区。这是由于筋膜虫和副膜虫共享影响传播模式的生物学因素,特别是在最终宿主中的相互作用和竞争导致的粪蛋脱落中。大多数报告调查了反刍动物筋膜炎的发生,但缺乏对粪蛋分布的观察。因此,本研究旨在评估拉鲁特、马唐和塞拉马地区(太平)共同感染的大型反刍动物中Fascola和Paramphistomes粪蛋计数(fec)的分布。从23个反刍动物群中随机采集了371个粪便样本。Flukefinder®沉淀法用于定量Fasciola和Paramphistomes卵。采用描述性分析来确定合并感染的患病率,并采用Spearman相关分析来关联fec。总体而言,太平市筋膜和副肌体合并感染的发病率为23.7%(n=89/371)。在整体感染和单次感染中,副肺吸虫病的患病率始终高于筋膜炎,分别为46.9%(n=174/371)和22.9%(n=85/371),而分别为36.9%(n=137/371)、12.9%(n=48/371)。两种寄生虫的每克卵数(epg)均呈正偏态,筋膜炎的中位数为1.5 epg,副钩虫病的中位数为10.5 epg。对共感染牛的epg进行Spearman相关分析,发现其具有中度正相关,rs=0.39(p值
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引用次数: 0
Non-bacteremia liver abscess caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei from a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia: a case report and literature review. 马来西亚一家三级教学医院由假踝伯克霍尔德菌引起的非菌血症性肝脓肿:病例报告和文献复习。
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.3.003
A A Wahab, S M A Nurazizah, C H Ding, N A S Muttaqillah, A S Nordashima, N Kori, P Periyasamy

Melioidosis is endemic in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia. Liver abscess is not uncommon in melioidosis, but it is usually associated with bacteremia. We presented a case of a 55-year-old gentleman with underlying end-stage renal failure who presented with non-specific abdominal pain for three months. Initial blood investigations showed leukocytosis and increased C-reactive protein. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed multiple hypodense lesions in the liver and spleen. The culture of the liver specimen obtained through the ultrasound-guided isolated Burkholderia pseudomallei. He was given an adjusted dose of intravenous ceftazidime due to underlying renal failure. Melioidosis serology also returned positive for IgM with titer >1:1280. His blood cultures were reported negative three times. Despite on antibiotics for five weeks, there was no significant improvement of the liver abscesses was observed. He was unfortunately infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus during his admission and passed away due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Melioidosis是东南亚的地方病,包括马来西亚。肝脓肿在类鼻疽中并不罕见,但通常与菌血症有关。我们报告了一例55岁的男性患者,他患有潜在的终末期肾衰竭,并伴有非特异性腹痛,持续了三个月。初步血液检查显示白细胞增多和C反应蛋白升高。腹部计算机断层扫描(CT)显示肝脏和脾脏有多处低密度病变。通过超声引导分离的假踝伯克霍尔德菌获得的肝脏标本的培养。由于潜在的肾功能衰竭,他接受了调整剂量的静脉注射头孢他啶。Melioidosis血清学检测IgM也呈阳性,滴度>1:1280。他的血液培养三次呈阴性。尽管服用了五周的抗生素,但没有观察到肝脓肿的显著改善。不幸的是,他在入院期间感染了SARS-CoV-2病毒,并因严重的新冠肺炎肺炎去世。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiological risk factors and phylogenetic affinities of Sarcocystis infecting village chickens and pigs in Peninsular Malaysia. 马来西亚半岛乡村鸡和猪感染肉孢子虫的流行病学危险因素和系统发育亲缘关系。
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.3.002
D L Sabrina, H Latiffah, S K S Reuben, P T Ooi

The intake of food and water containing the Sarcocystis parasite has been linked to a number of outbreaks worldwide, including Malaysia. Nevertheless, the lack of surveys and epidemiological data on Sarcocystis infections in Malaysia makes it difficult to estimate its occurrence in humans and animals. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis and the risk factors associated with infection among village chickens and pigs reared under different farm managements in Peninsular Malaysia. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using partial fragments of the 18S rRNA gene and ITS1 sequences. In the present study, 680 sera samples were collected from village chickens (n=250) and commercial pigs (n=433) and anti-Sarcocystis antibodies were screened using the enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) kit. At the animal level, the prevalence of Sarcocystis was 9.2% (95% CI: 5.92-13.48) and at the farm level, it was 64.0% (95% CI: 42.52-82.03) in village chickens. The animal-level seroprevalence of Sarcocystis for pigs was 3.7% (95% CI: 2.13-5.93) and 36.8% (95% CI: 16.29-61.64) at the farm-level. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted on meat samples from various parts of village chickens (n=250) consisting of brain, heart, lung, and pectoralis muscle tissues, and pork (n=121) consisting of intercostal muscle, diaphragm, and tongue. Sarcocystis DNA was detected in 6.4% (95% CI: 4.60-11.60) of village chicken samples but zero in pork samples. A total of 11 unique Sarcocystis haplotypes were isolated from these tissue samples. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the putative risk factors showed a statistically significant association between Sarcocystis infection in pigs and uncovered storage of feed. Although no zoonotic Sarcocystis was isolated in this study, we reported the first discovery of S. wenzeli in Malaysia.

摄入含有Sarcocystis寄生虫的食物和水与包括马来西亚在内的世界各地的多起疫情有关。尽管如此,由于马来西亚缺乏关于Sarcocystis感染的调查和流行病学数据,很难估计其在人类和动物中的发生率。进行了一项横断面研究,以确定马来西亚半岛不同农场管理下饲养的乡村鸡和猪的Sarcocystis患病率以及与感染相关的风险因素。使用18S rRNA基因的部分片段和ITS1序列构建系统发育树。在本研究中,从乡村鸡(n=250)和商业猪(n=433)中采集了680份血清样本,并使用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒筛选抗Sarcocystis抗体。在动物水平上,肉孢子虫病的患病率为9.2%(95%可信区间:5.92-13.48),在农场水平上,村鸡的发病率为64.0%(95%置信区间:42.52-82.03)。猪肉孢子虫的动物水平血清流行率为3.7%(95%CI:2.13-5.93),农场水平为36.8%(95%CI:16.29-61.64)。对来自由脑、心、肺和胸肌组织组成的乡村鸡(n=250)和由肋间肌、膈肌和舌头组成的猪肉(n=121)的不同部位的肉样品进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)。在6.4%(95%可信区间:4.60-11.60)的乡村鸡样本中检测到了肉孢子虫DNA,但在猪肉样本中检测不到。从这些组织样本中总共分离出11种独特的肉孢子虫单倍型。假定危险因素的多变量logistic回归分析显示,猪感染Sarcocystis与未覆盖饲料储存之间存在统计学上显著的相关性。尽管在这项研究中没有分离到人畜共患性Sarcocystis,但我们报道了在马来西亚首次发现的S.wenzeli。
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Tropical biomedicine
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