Pub Date : 2015-09-05DOI: 10.5637/JPASURBAN.2015.5
N. Shibuya
Gentrification is said to be the return of the middle class to the city. Neil Smith suggests, however, that gentrification is not to be seen simply as a “return” but also as a form of “class struggle.” This paper examines the process of gentrification and the antigentrification movement in the Lower East Side of New York City. It maintains that this struggle should be seen as a struggle over the urban commons and therefore as a contemporary manifestation of primitive accumulation. Considering (anti-)gentrification as a “class struggle” or as a value struggle in the context of the global city, it shows that gentrification is a necessarily unsettling and unstable process.
{"title":"Gentrification as a Value Struggle in the Global City","authors":"N. Shibuya","doi":"10.5637/JPASURBAN.2015.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5637/JPASURBAN.2015.5","url":null,"abstract":"Gentrification is said to be the return of the middle class to the city. Neil Smith suggests, however, that gentrification is not to be seen simply as a “return” but also as a form of “class struggle.” This paper examines the process of gentrification and the antigentrification movement in the Lower East Side of New York City. It maintains that this struggle should be seen as a struggle over the urban commons and therefore as a contemporary manifestation of primitive accumulation. Considering (anti-)gentrification as a “class struggle” or as a value struggle in the context of the global city, it shows that gentrification is a necessarily unsettling and unstable process.","PeriodicalId":101506,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133846019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-05DOI: 10.5637/JPASURBAN.2015.123
T. Namba
This report considers redevelopment of the US military base sites which have not been focused on in any research. The statement regards that Okinawa may be overly developed; and the US base military sites may exceed the overdevelopment. This report focuses on the reason why the overdevelopment is triggered, and the roles that the Okinawa Prefecture and local governments play. In 1972, Okinawa was returned to Japan by the United States, and Okinawa Development Finance has provided nearly ten trillion yen to Okinawa at present. Special Measures Law for Development of Okinawa had approved this financial endeavor, as the purpose of the law was to redress the economic gap with other regions in Japan. After 1998, so called compensating development had started, which is the linkage of Okinawa’s development and security regarding the military bases. However, to tell the truth, the division among Okinawa and other regions had been almost compensated in the 1990’s. This political decision triggered the overdevelopment of public policy in Okinawa and the dependent economy of Okinawa toward the military bases. 2012 is a turning point of the exploitation of Okinawa military sites. Redevelopment of the US military base sites has additionally linked policy issues of bases and development of the region as compensation for the independence of the returned lands from the military bases. This policy has the potential to accelerate the overdevelopment. The main statement deals with the reality of ongoing redevelopment of the US military base sites and the role of the Okinawa Prefecture and local governments.
{"title":"Role of the Local Governments in the Process of Overdevelopment of the US Military Base Sites in Okinawa","authors":"T. Namba","doi":"10.5637/JPASURBAN.2015.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5637/JPASURBAN.2015.123","url":null,"abstract":"This report considers redevelopment of the US military base sites which have not been focused on in any research. The statement regards that Okinawa may be overly developed; and the US base military sites may exceed the overdevelopment. This report focuses on the reason why the overdevelopment is triggered, and the roles that the Okinawa Prefecture and local governments play. In 1972, Okinawa was returned to Japan by the United States, and Okinawa Development Finance has provided nearly ten trillion yen to Okinawa at present. Special Measures Law for Development of Okinawa had approved this financial endeavor, as the purpose of the law was to redress the economic gap with other regions in Japan. After 1998, so called compensating development had started, which is the linkage of Okinawa’s development and security regarding the military bases. However, to tell the truth, the division among Okinawa and other regions had been almost compensated in the 1990’s. This political decision triggered the overdevelopment of public policy in Okinawa and the dependent economy of Okinawa toward the military bases. 2012 is a turning point of the exploitation of Okinawa military sites. Redevelopment of the US military base sites has additionally linked policy issues of bases and development of the region as compensation for the independence of the returned lands from the military bases. This policy has the potential to accelerate the overdevelopment. The main statement deals with the reality of ongoing redevelopment of the US military base sites and the role of the Okinawa Prefecture and local governments.","PeriodicalId":101506,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126375112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-05DOI: 10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.1
T. Nishimura
{"title":"Reconsider: The Idea of a local city","authors":"T. Nishimura","doi":"10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101506,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129586802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-05DOI: 10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.65
H. Sasajima
This paper examines the artist-led gentrification of SoHo in New York City between the 1960s and 1980s. As creative city theories focus on the effect of the creative class on urban environments, municipal government policymakers have been creating cultural policies that birth urban regeneration projects utilizing the talents of creative people, such as artists. In spite of this situation, there is not necessarily much scholarship on the relationship between artists and urban spaces. Thus, this article deals with SoHo’s artistled gentrification as a typical case study, and then explores issues such as why agglomeration of artists leads to urban spatial transformation.
{"title":"Artist-led Gentrification in SoHo","authors":"H. Sasajima","doi":"10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.65","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the artist-led gentrification of SoHo in New York City between the 1960s and 1980s. As creative city theories focus on the effect of the creative class on urban environments, municipal government policymakers have been creating cultural policies that birth urban regeneration projects utilizing the talents of creative people, such as artists. In spite of this situation, there is not necessarily much scholarship on the relationship between artists and urban spaces. Thus, this article deals with SoHo’s artistled gentrification as a typical case study, and then explores issues such as why agglomeration of artists leads to urban spatial transformation.","PeriodicalId":101506,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134313331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-05DOI: 10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.81
N. Nibe
local three causal accumulation of in local
局部三因果积累于局部
{"title":"Kariya Today: Advanced Industrial City and Its Community Formation:","authors":"N. Nibe","doi":"10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.81","url":null,"abstract":"local three causal accumulation of in local","PeriodicalId":101506,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115289973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-05DOI: 10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.7
Takako Ishihara
Kanazawa is an old and historical city that faces the Sea of Japan. Since Kanazawa has been immune from the horrors of wars and conflicts for 430 years, its historic and cultural resources are still preserved very well. People in Kanazawa believe their responsibilities to maintain and cultivate the characteristics in the history, tradition, and culture of Kanazawa. In addition to such circumstances, Kanazawa has been developed more attractively as a “creative city” over the last two decades. This paper illustrates “Kanazawa World City Concept”: a key strategy for creating a new identity such as “glocalization” and “creativity” of Kanazawa. The vision of this concept has made Kanazawa more attractive and dignified, which is evidenced by the fact that Kanazawa is cited in the League of Historical Cities and the Creative Cities Network. For achieving such a national and international evaluation, however, we had to challenge the formidable tasks of overcoming such harsh issues as “financial bottleneck”, “legal limitation”, and “multi-stakeholders’ consensus building”. So in this paper, we also describe this challenge, while introducing the three facts of embodiment of “Kanazawa World City Concept”.
{"title":"Uniqueness and Creative Capability of Kanazawa in Urban Development","authors":"Takako Ishihara","doi":"10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.7","url":null,"abstract":"Kanazawa is an old and historical city that faces the Sea of Japan. Since Kanazawa has been immune from the horrors of wars and conflicts for 430 years, its historic and cultural resources are still preserved very well. People in Kanazawa believe their responsibilities to maintain and cultivate the characteristics in the history, tradition, and culture of Kanazawa. In addition to such circumstances, Kanazawa has been developed more attractively as a “creative city” over the last two decades. This paper illustrates “Kanazawa World City Concept”: a key strategy for creating a new identity such as “glocalization” and “creativity” of Kanazawa. The vision of this concept has made Kanazawa more attractive and dignified, which is evidenced by the fact that Kanazawa is cited in the League of Historical Cities and the Creative Cities Network. For achieving such a national and international evaluation, however, we had to challenge the formidable tasks of overcoming such harsh issues as “financial bottleneck”, “legal limitation”, and “multi-stakeholders’ consensus building”. So in this paper, we also describe this challenge, while introducing the three facts of embodiment of “Kanazawa World City Concept”.","PeriodicalId":101506,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115295372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-05DOI: 10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.133
Sachi Takahata
Japan’s declining population is severely impacting rural areas and cities and causing shortages of care workers. In recent years, Indonesian and Filipino candidates are coming to Japan under the economic partnership agreement (EPA) program to take the country’s certified care worker license (kaigo-fukushishi) exam after completing three years of onthe-job training at care facilities nationwide. However, Japan’s initial attempt to import foreign care workers was far from completely successful; even though the government subsidized the costs for learning Japanese and taking the national exams, many candidates returned to their home countries. For the first batch of Filipino kaigo-fukushishi candidates who came in 2009, only around 30% passed the exam in January 2013. Based on follow-up research of 49 from the first batch of Filipino candidates, this paper answers the following two questions: What attributes of candidates ease settlement at rural care facilities? What attributes and working experiences are necessary for successful examinees? Our findings suggest that (1) Internet access at care facilities is crucial to ease the settling of candidates, and (2) candidates who are already qualified nurses in their home country but decided to become care workers in Japan have an advantage in taking the national exam because of their basic medical knowledge. On the other hand, since the international labor market demand for Filipino nurses is high, the possibility always exists that they might move to another country.
{"title":"Foreign Care Workers in Underpopulated Areas and Local Cities","authors":"Sachi Takahata","doi":"10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.133","url":null,"abstract":"Japan’s declining population is severely impacting rural areas and cities and causing shortages of care workers. In recent years, Indonesian and Filipino candidates are coming to Japan under the economic partnership agreement (EPA) program to take the country’s certified care worker license (kaigo-fukushishi) exam after completing three years of onthe-job training at care facilities nationwide. However, Japan’s initial attempt to import foreign care workers was far from completely successful; even though the government subsidized the costs for learning Japanese and taking the national exams, many candidates returned to their home countries. For the first batch of Filipino kaigo-fukushishi candidates who came in 2009, only around 30% passed the exam in January 2013. Based on follow-up research of 49 from the first batch of Filipino candidates, this paper answers the following two questions: What attributes of candidates ease settlement at rural care facilities? What attributes and working experiences are necessary for successful examinees? Our findings suggest that (1) Internet access at care facilities is crucial to ease the settling of candidates, and (2) candidates who are already qualified nurses in their home country but decided to become care workers in Japan have an advantage in taking the national exam because of their basic medical knowledge. On the other hand, since the international labor market demand for Filipino nurses is high, the possibility always exists that they might move to another country.","PeriodicalId":101506,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129274927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-05DOI: 10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.45
Kaoru Watanabe
{"title":"The Creative City as Governance Theory and its Realization Process","authors":"Kaoru Watanabe","doi":"10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101506,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131924954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-05DOI: 10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.115
Hideyuki Kobayashi
Adjustment is an important issue to solve conflict or antipathy about disaster revitalization in sociology. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process in which residents of a disaster damaged area adjust differences of opinion around revitalization by using the case study of Minamigamou and Shihama, Miyagino, Sendai. After the Great East Japan Earthquake, Sendai city office designed disaster danger area including Minamigamou and Shinhama areas that it planned mass relocation project. The anti-relocation movement against this plan is a turning point that residents of these two areas deal with revitalization positively. After that plan revised, residents of Minamigamou and Shinhama established new institution for revitalization as the name of “Minamigamou Hukkoubu” and “Shinhama Hukkou no Kai”. Two institutions have been worked to solve 3 issues, “housing reconstruction and relocation” “dropout of younger members” “construction plan of evacuation tower and road” by adjustment differences of opinion. As a result, “Minamigamou Hukkoubu” succeeded to keep their community through collision but “Shinhama Hukkou no Kai” failed to keep their community. The academic significance of this research is as follows. An important thing of adjustment which is practiced by community organizations under disaster revitalization process is that how institutions keep the backing of their residents’ opinion. “Minamigamou Hukkoubu” has practiced “being receptive to various opinion”“guaranteeing multiple routes to participate”“guaranteeing multiple opportunities to participate” to retain the backing of it. Then, “Minamigamou Hukkoubu” has maintained its position which is the representative organization of residents through some fails on negotiation with Sendai city office. On the other hand, “Shinhama Hukkou no Kai” has not practiced these three things sufficiently. So, it failed to keep the backing of their residents’ opinion.
{"title":"Study on adjustment of opinion in disaster revitalization process","authors":"Hideyuki Kobayashi","doi":"10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.115","url":null,"abstract":"Adjustment is an important issue to solve conflict or antipathy about disaster revitalization in sociology. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process in which residents of a disaster damaged area adjust differences of opinion around revitalization by using the case study of Minamigamou and Shihama, Miyagino, Sendai. After the Great East Japan Earthquake, Sendai city office designed disaster danger area including Minamigamou and Shinhama areas that it planned mass relocation project. The anti-relocation movement against this plan is a turning point that residents of these two areas deal with revitalization positively. After that plan revised, residents of Minamigamou and Shinhama established new institution for revitalization as the name of “Minamigamou Hukkoubu” and “Shinhama Hukkou no Kai”. Two institutions have been worked to solve 3 issues, “housing reconstruction and relocation” “dropout of younger members” “construction plan of evacuation tower and road” by adjustment differences of opinion. As a result, “Minamigamou Hukkoubu” succeeded to keep their community through collision but “Shinhama Hukkou no Kai” failed to keep their community. The academic significance of this research is as follows. An important thing of adjustment which is practiced by community organizations under disaster revitalization process is that how institutions keep the backing of their residents’ opinion. “Minamigamou Hukkoubu” has practiced “being receptive to various opinion”“guaranteeing multiple routes to participate”“guaranteeing multiple opportunities to participate” to retain the backing of it. Then, “Minamigamou Hukkoubu” has maintained its position which is the representative organization of residents through some fails on negotiation with Sendai city office. On the other hand, “Shinhama Hukkou no Kai” has not practiced these three things sufficiently. So, it failed to keep the backing of their residents’ opinion.","PeriodicalId":101506,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114075718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-05DOI: 10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.25
Norioki Ishimaru
{"title":"Was Hiroshima reconstructed and developed as Peace City or Peace Memorial City","authors":"Norioki Ishimaru","doi":"10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5637/JPASURBAN.2014.25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101506,"journal":{"name":"The Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124005142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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