I. Hariprasad, Leonard V. Messner, Lincoln T. Shaw, Chandani A. Bansal, Sidney A. Schechet, J. Perez
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a disease involving leakage of serous fluid through the retinal pigment epithelium, resulting in neurosensory retinal detachment. The majority of acute CSCR cases resolve spontaneously. However, treatment options for chronic and recurrent cases are lacking. In this case series, topical nepafenac 0.1% and 0.3% were investigated as novel treatments for chronic and recurrent CSCR. We performed a retrospective case series analysis of six patients diagnosed with chronic recurrent CSCR. Data from patient medical records were collected, including age range, gender, subjective complaints, Snellen visual acuity (VA), clinical eye examination, central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography, prior treatments, time of follow-up, and time to resolution of CSCR. The six cases of chronic and recurrent CSCR in this study were treated with 0.1% and/or 0.3% topical nepafenac. The mean age of the six cases was 52 years. There was an average gain in vision of 2.5 lines in Snellen VA, and a final Snellen VA of 20/20 was achieved in each case. The average time to complete resolution of CSCR was 3.33 months. The decrease in CMT ranged from 105 µm to 507 µm, with an average decrease of 240 µm, and subretinal fluid resolved completely in all the six cases.
{"title":"Topical Nepafenac 0.1% or 0.3% for the Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Case Series of Chronic and Recurrent Disease and Review of the Literature","authors":"I. Hariprasad, Leonard V. Messner, Lincoln T. Shaw, Chandani A. Bansal, Sidney A. Schechet, J. Perez","doi":"10.54646/bijcroo.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.019","url":null,"abstract":"Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a disease involving leakage of serous fluid through the retinal pigment epithelium, resulting in neurosensory retinal detachment. The majority of acute CSCR cases resolve spontaneously. However, treatment options for chronic and recurrent cases are lacking. In this case series, topical nepafenac 0.1% and 0.3% were investigated as novel treatments for chronic and recurrent CSCR. We performed a retrospective case series analysis of six patients diagnosed with chronic recurrent CSCR. Data from patient medical records were collected, including age range, gender, subjective complaints, Snellen visual acuity (VA), clinical eye examination, central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography, prior treatments, time of follow-up, and time to resolution of CSCR. The six cases of chronic and recurrent CSCR in this study were treated with 0.1% and/or 0.3% topical nepafenac. The mean age of the six cases was 52 years. There was an average gain in vision of 2.5 lines in Snellen VA, and a final Snellen VA of 20/20 was achieved in each case. The average time to complete resolution of CSCR was 3.33 months. The decrease in CMT ranged from 105 µm to 507 µm, with an average decrease of 240 µm, and subretinal fluid resolved completely in all the six cases.","PeriodicalId":101752,"journal":{"name":"BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127068928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To report a rare case of Weill-Marchesani syndrome with its management. Case report: A 40-year-old female patient presented with bi-lateral dimness of vision on both eyes, short stature, brachydactyly and joint stiffness. Ocular examination revealed, vision 3/60 in both eyes without improvement with a high myopic correction, bilateral microspherophakia with anterior lens subluxation and normal fundus. She was diagnosed as a case of Weill-Marchesani syndrome and was managed by bi-lateral clear lens extraction followed by secondary anterior chamber intra-ocular lens implantation Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and by meticulous surgical intervention, complications of Weill-Marchesani syndrome can be managed accordingly.
{"title":"Timely Diagnosis of Weill-Marchesani Syndrome Can Preserve Vision and Prevent Complication: A Case Report","authors":"Nafiz Ahmed Shahriar, S. Roy","doi":"10.54646/bijcroo.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.008","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To report a rare case of Weill-Marchesani syndrome with its management. Case report: A 40-year-old female patient presented with bi-lateral dimness of vision on both eyes, short stature, brachydactyly and joint stiffness. Ocular examination revealed, vision 3/60 in both eyes without improvement with a high myopic correction, bilateral microspherophakia with anterior lens subluxation and normal fundus. She was diagnosed as a case of Weill-Marchesani syndrome and was managed by bi-lateral clear lens extraction followed by secondary anterior chamber intra-ocular lens implantation Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and by meticulous surgical intervention, complications of Weill-Marchesani syndrome can be managed accordingly.","PeriodicalId":101752,"journal":{"name":"BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology","volume":"67 1-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116603839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.54646/bijcroo.2023.30
S. Senjam, Abhijeet Beniwal
In the current plethora of the digital world, smartphones have become an integral part of our lives and act as an essential supportive device in executing daily living activities. Until now, most of us believe that smartphones are devices meant for people with a good sight and are not considered assistive devices for visually impaired individuals. It may not be an incorrect statement, particularly in lower-middleincome countries. It is a common presumption that the use of smartphones would need a good vision function, or how can they be used by people with vision loss? However, in the recent past, technological advancement has led to makeshift changes in the interfaces between humans and smartphones in terms of interaction. Instead of relying on vision function, gestures, and even sound, one can interact with a smartphone.
{"title":"Smartphone – a third eye of people with blindness","authors":"S. Senjam, Abhijeet Beniwal","doi":"10.54646/bijcroo.2023.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.2023.30","url":null,"abstract":"In the current plethora of the digital world, smartphones have become an integral part of our lives and act as an essential supportive device in executing daily living activities. Until now, most of us believe that smartphones are devices meant for people with a good sight and are not considered assistive devices for visually impaired individuals. It may not be an incorrect statement, particularly in lower-middleincome countries. It is a common presumption that the use of smartphones would need a good vision function, or how can they be used by people with vision loss? However, in the recent past, technological advancement has led to makeshift changes in the interfaces between humans and smartphones in terms of interaction. Instead of relying on vision function, gestures, and even sound, one can interact with a smartphone.","PeriodicalId":101752,"journal":{"name":"BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129088259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Each year nearly 8000 new cases of retinoblastoma are detected worldwide. Revolutionary management strategy increased the survival rate of retinoblastoma above 95% but still it is a deadly cancer worldwide. Survival from retinoblastoma depends on income >90% vs 40% (in high to low income countries) and metastases is higher in low-income countries. Forty three percent of global burden lives in 6 countries of Asia. An estimated worldwide death rate is more than 40% and most from Asia and Africa. Bangladesh is one of the developing countries of the South- East Asia region and retinoblastoma constitutes 83% of all pediatric cancer bellow 4 years age group. Early detection of cases and proper referral may decrease the advance disease which may achieved by strong awareness program. To save life and vision multidisciplinary team approach is a time demand now. Chittagong Eye Infirmary is a tertiary eye care center is serving retinoblastoma patients with a multidisciplinary team approach from 2017 and set up chemotherapy facilities in ophthalmic institute. This institute also started screening and local community training program to detect the disease easily and upgraded treatment facility from 2019.From January 2017 to June 2021 total 284 retinoblastoma patients were diagnosed, 104 received chemotherapy and 53 underwent enucleation with long optic nerve. Two hundred fifty six children were screened, 169 primary school teacher and 408 health worker were trained about key sign of retinoblastoma from July 2019 to February 2021. This effort was able to create awareness which showed early presentation of retinoblastoma and seeking treatment of white pupillary reflex than previous period. The hospitals also take care for visual and psycho-social rehabilitation of the retinoblastoma survivals.
全世界每年发现近8000例视网膜母细胞瘤新病例。革命性的治疗策略使视网膜母细胞瘤的存活率提高到95%以上，但它仍然是世界范围内的致命癌症。视网膜母细胞瘤的存活率取决于收入>90% vs 40%(在高收入国家和低收入国家)，低收入国家的转移率更高。全球负担的43%生活在亚洲6个国家。据估计，全世界的死亡率超过40%，大多数来自亚洲和非洲。孟加拉国是东南亚地区的发展中国家之一，视网膜母细胞瘤占4岁以下儿童癌症的83%。早期发现病例和适当的转诊可以减少疾病的进展，这可以通过加强意识计划来实现。挽救生命和视力的多学科合作是当今时代的需求。吉大港眼科医院是一家三级眼科保健中心，从2017年开始以多学科团队的方式为视网膜母细胞瘤患者提供服务，并在眼科研究所建立了化疗设施。该研究所还从2019年开始实施了容易发现疾病的筛查和社区培训计划，并升级了治疗设施。2017年1月至2021年6月共诊断视网膜母细胞瘤284例，其中化疗104例，长视神经去核53例。2019年7月至2021年2月，对256名儿童进行了筛查，对169名小学教师和408名卫生工作者进行了视网膜母细胞瘤关键征象的培训。这一努力能够使人们意识到视网膜母细胞瘤的早期表现，并寻求治疗白色瞳孔反射。医院还照顾视网膜母细胞瘤幸存者的视觉和心理社会康复。
{"title":"Community Screening and Community Participation Along with Hospital Based Multidisciplinary Treatment Can be the Key Factors for Both Early Detection, Life and Globe Salvage of Retinoblastoma Patients in Developing Countries - Our Experience","authors":"S. Roy, Fahmida Hoque, M. Osmani","doi":"10.54646/bijcroo.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.002","url":null,"abstract":"Each year nearly 8000 new cases of retinoblastoma are detected worldwide. Revolutionary management strategy increased the survival rate of retinoblastoma above 95% but still it is a deadly cancer worldwide. Survival from retinoblastoma depends on income >90% vs 40% (in high to low income countries) and metastases is higher in low-income countries. Forty three percent of global burden lives in 6 countries of Asia. An estimated worldwide death rate is more than 40% and most from Asia and Africa. Bangladesh is one of the developing countries of the South- East Asia region and retinoblastoma constitutes 83% of all pediatric cancer bellow 4 years age group. Early detection of cases and proper referral may decrease the advance disease which may achieved by strong awareness program. To save life and vision multidisciplinary team approach is a time demand now. Chittagong Eye Infirmary is a tertiary eye care center is serving retinoblastoma patients with a multidisciplinary team approach from 2017 and set up chemotherapy facilities in ophthalmic institute. This institute also started screening and local community training program to detect the disease easily and upgraded treatment facility from 2019.From January 2017 to June 2021 total 284 retinoblastoma patients were diagnosed, 104 received chemotherapy and 53 underwent enucleation with long optic nerve. Two hundred fifty six children were screened, 169 primary school teacher and 408 health worker were trained about key sign of retinoblastoma from July 2019 to February 2021. This effort was able to create awareness which showed early presentation of retinoblastoma and seeking treatment of white pupillary reflex than previous period. The hospitals also take care for visual and psycho-social rehabilitation of the retinoblastoma survivals.","PeriodicalId":101752,"journal":{"name":"BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126794834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two neonates one at age of 15 days and another at age of 20 days were presented with redness, watering, periocular and lid swelling, photophobia and vesicular lesions over forehead on right side of face. Ocular examination revealed ciliary and conjunctival congestion, chemosis, and hazy cornea due to stromal edema. Though herpes zoster is very rare in neonates, the diagnosis of herpes zoster ophthalmicus was made on basis of clinical examination and treated with systemic and topical anti-viral, topical antibiotic and corticosteroid. Both neonates showed dramatic response in seven days treatment and completely cured within four weeks. High clinical suspicion in vesiculo-papular lesion of child of any age can help in early diagnose and early treatment can prevent sequelae of HZO.
{"title":"Neonatal Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: Two Rare Cases","authors":"S. Biswas, S. Roy, Asm Mahbubul Alam","doi":"10.54646/bijcroo.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.004","url":null,"abstract":"Two neonates one at age of 15 days and another at age of 20 days were presented with redness, watering, periocular and lid swelling, photophobia and vesicular lesions over forehead on right side of face. Ocular examination revealed ciliary and conjunctival congestion, chemosis, and hazy cornea due to stromal edema. Though herpes zoster is very rare in neonates, the diagnosis of herpes zoster ophthalmicus was made on basis of clinical examination and treated with systemic and topical anti-viral, topical antibiotic and corticosteroid. Both neonates showed dramatic response in seven days treatment and completely cured within four weeks. High clinical suspicion in vesiculo-papular lesion of child of any age can help in early diagnose and early treatment can prevent sequelae of HZO.","PeriodicalId":101752,"journal":{"name":"BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127630372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.54646/bijcroo.2023.31
S. Biswas, A. Alam, S. Roy, N. Akter, Abdul Matin Bhuiyan
Aim:The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of compressive sutures for rapid resolution ofacute hydrops in keratoconus cases. Case reports:Two young adult patients having keratoconus presented with sudden painful marked dimness ofvision associated with watering and photophobia in their left eyes for about 2 weeks. Visual acuity was countingfinger-to-hand movement. The examination showed a markedly opaque edematous cornea without any visibilityof the pupil, lens, and posterior segment. Patients were diagnosed with acute hydrops. Patients underwent full-thickness corneal compressing sutures under peribulbar anesthesia. Patients were post-operatively treated withtopical corticosteroid, antibiotic, cycloplegic, and hypertonic saline. On days 48 and 32, respectively, the totalresolution of corneal edema with the central scar was seen in both of the patients. Vision improved to 3/60 and6/60, respectively, and symptoms decreased. Both patients were advised for penetrating keratoplasty for furtherimprovement of vision. Conclusion:Full-thickness corneal compressive sutures quickly resolve acute hydrops of keratoconus.
{"title":"Effectiveness of full-thickness corneal compressive suture in acute hydrops: Two cases","authors":"S. Biswas, A. Alam, S. Roy, N. Akter, Abdul Matin Bhuiyan","doi":"10.54646/bijcroo.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"Aim:The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of compressive sutures for rapid resolution ofacute hydrops in keratoconus cases. Case reports:Two young adult patients having keratoconus presented with sudden painful marked dimness ofvision associated with watering and photophobia in their left eyes for about 2 weeks. Visual acuity was countingfinger-to-hand movement. The examination showed a markedly opaque edematous cornea without any visibilityof the pupil, lens, and posterior segment. Patients were diagnosed with acute hydrops. Patients underwent full-thickness corneal compressing sutures under peribulbar anesthesia. Patients were post-operatively treated withtopical corticosteroid, antibiotic, cycloplegic, and hypertonic saline. On days 48 and 32, respectively, the totalresolution of corneal edema with the central scar was seen in both of the patients. Vision improved to 3/60 and6/60, respectively, and symptoms decreased. Both patients were advised for penetrating keratoplasty for furtherimprovement of vision. Conclusion:Full-thickness corneal compressive sutures quickly resolve acute hydrops of keratoconus.","PeriodicalId":101752,"journal":{"name":"BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133636010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Late onset Capsular block syndrome is one of rare complications after cataract surgery. Here we report the diagnosis and successful surgical management of this case. Case report: A 70 year-old man presented with significant decrease of vision in his right eye for 4 years. He underwent cataract extraction through phacoemulsification with in-bag intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in right eye 8 years back which was uneventful. Patient’s presenting vision was 6/60 in right eye with a whitish fluid filled like space between posterior capsule and back surface of IOL optic. Patient was managed by surgical removal of the ‘IOL-capsule-complex’ with anterior vitrectomy. The microbiological culture report of ‘IOL-capsule-complex’ showed no bacterial growth. Visual rehabilitation was restored by implanting an anterior chamber lens 2 months afterwards. Conclusion: Though rare but delayed presentation of capsular block syndrome has reported but conventional treatment with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy could not exclude the risk of intraocular infection spread. Extraction of ‘IOL-capsule-complex’ with anterior vitrectomy followed by late implanting an anterior chamber lens can restore the visual function and can lessen the risk of intraocular infection.
{"title":"Late Onset Capsular Block Syndrome (CBS): A Rare Complication and It’s Surgical Management","authors":"S. Biswas, Umme Salma Akbar, S. Roy","doi":"10.54646/bijcroo.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.006","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Late onset Capsular block syndrome is one of rare complications after cataract surgery. Here we report the diagnosis and successful surgical management of this case. Case report: A 70 year-old man presented with significant decrease of vision in his right eye for 4 years. He underwent cataract extraction through phacoemulsification with in-bag intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in right eye 8 years back which was uneventful. Patient’s presenting vision was 6/60 in right eye with a whitish fluid filled like space between posterior capsule and back surface of IOL optic. Patient was managed by surgical removal of the ‘IOL-capsule-complex’ with anterior vitrectomy. The microbiological culture report of ‘IOL-capsule-complex’ showed no bacterial growth. Visual rehabilitation was restored by implanting an anterior chamber lens 2 months afterwards. Conclusion: Though rare but delayed presentation of capsular block syndrome has reported but conventional treatment with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy could not exclude the risk of intraocular infection spread. Extraction of ‘IOL-capsule-complex’ with anterior vitrectomy followed by late implanting an anterior chamber lens can restore the visual function and can lessen the risk of intraocular infection.","PeriodicalId":101752,"journal":{"name":"BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129811832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Covid-19 pandemic has posed a global threat to public health. In terms of affecting the systemic health, it has also created an impact on the ocular health of people. The scenario of work from home, long hours of online classes for students, has led to increase in incidences of refractive error. From affecting visual acuity, it has also posed increased risk of increasing the degree of myopia. Even in these cases a patient may have a best corrected visual acuity of 6/6 but he or she may not be satisfied due to improper contrast sensitivity. This study was done to compare contrast sensitivity functions in myopic patients by assessing and comparing various parameters such as demographic factors, age, sex and profession. We included 500 myopic patients with a best corrected visual acuity of 6/6, without any retinal pathology. Contrast sensitivity functions were compared with astigmatism, degree and duration of myopia and with duration of use of spectacles. All three age groups showed mild decline in contrast sensitivity but majority consisted of the under-30 age group with 233 cases (46.6%). Females being in majority (78.1%) had mild decrease in contrast sensitivity. We recorded the profession of each patient and observed that there was mild decline in contrast sensitivity in all professions, and 79.2% of the total students showed mild decrease in contrast sensitivity, which can be attributed to long hours of screen time in lockdown phase. Low myopia of less than 3D had mild decline in contrast sensitivity (88.4%), whereas severe decline in contrast sensitivity was seen in high myopics (11.9%), which was directly co-related with degree of myopia. Astigmatism also showed mild decline in contrast sensitivity, which was 78.5% in compound myopic astigmatism and 88.5% in simple myopic astigmatism. We found severe decline in contrast sensitivity only in 2.4% of myopic patients with a duration of less than 12 months. The rest of the patients had mild decline in contrast sensitivity. This validates that contrast sensitivity has an impact on all parameters of the study such as age, gender, profession, duration, degree of myopia and astigmatism.
{"title":"A Clinical Study to Assess Pattern of Contrast Sensitivity Functions in Patients with Myopia","authors":"S. Thatte, Ashima Monga, H. Sharma","doi":"10.54646/bijcroo.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.018","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has posed a global threat to public health. In terms of affecting the systemic health, it has also created an impact on the ocular health of people. The scenario of work from home, long hours of online classes for students, has led to increase in incidences of refractive error. From affecting visual acuity, it has also posed increased risk of increasing the degree of myopia. Even in these cases a patient may have a best corrected visual acuity of 6/6 but he or she may not be satisfied due to improper contrast sensitivity. This study was done to compare contrast sensitivity functions in myopic patients by assessing and comparing various parameters such as demographic factors, age, sex and profession. We included 500 myopic patients with a best corrected visual acuity of 6/6, without any retinal pathology. Contrast sensitivity functions were compared with astigmatism, degree and duration of myopia and with duration of use of spectacles. All three age groups showed mild decline in contrast sensitivity but majority consisted of the under-30 age group with 233 cases (46.6%). Females being in majority (78.1%) had mild decrease in contrast sensitivity. We recorded the profession of each patient and observed that there was mild decline in contrast sensitivity in all professions, and 79.2% of the total students showed mild decrease in contrast sensitivity, which can be attributed to long hours of screen time in lockdown phase. Low myopia of less than 3D had mild decline in contrast sensitivity (88.4%), whereas severe decline in contrast sensitivity was seen in high myopics (11.9%), which was directly co-related with degree of myopia. Astigmatism also showed mild decline in contrast sensitivity, which was 78.5% in compound myopic astigmatism and 88.5% in simple myopic astigmatism. We found severe decline in contrast sensitivity only in 2.4% of myopic patients with a duration of less than 12 months. The rest of the patients had mild decline in contrast sensitivity. This validates that contrast sensitivity has an impact on all parameters of the study such as age, gender, profession, duration, degree of myopia and astigmatism.","PeriodicalId":101752,"journal":{"name":"BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122846485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study aimed to access the changes of accommodation and vergence before and after mobile gaming. Settings and Design: This was a comparative study conducted in the outpatient department of ophthalmology. Accommodative facility and vergence facility were measured using flippers. Methods and Materials: A comparative study was conducted on 50 healthy subjects, in both males and females, with age groups ranging between 18 and 30 years. This study has been approved by the IRB Committee; 25 young emmetropic patients and 25 young myopic patients were included. The comparison of accommodative facility and vergence facility before and after mobile gaming for 1 h was measured to determine the level of changes in accommodation and vergence. All patients were undergone comprehensive ophthalmic examination including vision, subjective/objective refraction, anterior segment examination, and accommodative and vergence facilities measured using accommodative and vergence flippers. Results: The mean and standard deviation value significantly increase before and after mobile gaming in the right eye, left eye, and both eyes in case of accommodation facility, and there is a decrease in the mean and standard deviation value in case of vergence facility in both eyes before and after mobile gaming. Conclusion: The mean and standard deviation value significantly increase before and after mobile gaming in the right eye, left eye, and both eyes in case of accommodative facility, and there is a decrease in the mean and standard deviation value in case of vergence facility in both eyes before and after mobile gaming.
{"title":"Accommodative Facility and Vergence Facility after Mobile Gaming","authors":"Janagi S, Syeda Sadiya Ikram, S. Puri","doi":"10.54646/bijcroo.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.025","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to access the changes of accommodation and vergence before and after mobile gaming. Settings and Design: This was a comparative study conducted in the outpatient department of ophthalmology. Accommodative facility and vergence facility were measured using flippers. Methods and Materials: A comparative study was conducted on 50 healthy subjects, in both males and females, with age groups ranging between 18 and 30 years. This study has been approved by the IRB Committee; 25 young emmetropic patients and 25 young myopic patients were included. The comparison of accommodative facility and vergence facility before and after mobile gaming for 1 h was measured to determine the level of changes in accommodation and vergence. All patients were undergone comprehensive ophthalmic examination including vision, subjective/objective refraction, anterior segment examination, and accommodative and vergence facilities measured using accommodative and vergence flippers. Results: The mean and standard deviation value significantly increase before and after mobile gaming in the right eye, left eye, and both eyes in case of accommodation facility, and there is a decrease in the mean and standard deviation value in case of vergence facility in both eyes before and after mobile gaming. Conclusion: The mean and standard deviation value significantly increase before and after mobile gaming in the right eye, left eye, and both eyes in case of accommodative facility, and there is a decrease in the mean and standard deviation value in case of vergence facility in both eyes before and after mobile gaming.","PeriodicalId":101752,"journal":{"name":"BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114674623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Acar, M. S. S. ˘. glu, A. Colak, Zeynep Akta¸s, A. Dinçel
Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of brimonidine on microglia cell morphology by creating a transient retinal ischemia model in rats. Methods: In the right eyes of male Wistar rats (n = 12), a transient retinal ischemia model was created. The rats were divided into three groups: (1) eyes treated with topical brimonidine in the transient retinal ischemia model, (2) shamtreated eyes, and (3) control eyes. Four main phenotypes (ramified, primed, reactive, and amoeboid-phagocytic) of Iba-1 positive microglia cells were examined in the retinal layers. Results: In the transient retinal ischemia model, the number of Iba-1 positive microglia cells was 100.67 ± 7.50 cells in the sham group and 57.67 ± 14.64 cells in the topical brimonidine group. The decrease in the total number of Iba-1 positive microglial cells was statistically significant (p < 0.05). When we compared ramified and primed microglia cells, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The number of amoeboidphagocytic microglial cells was 9.5 ± 1.29 cells in the sham treatment group and 2.25 ± 0.50 cells in the topical brimonidine group (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in the number of reactive and amoeboid cells. Conclusion: Studies in the central nervous system in rats demonstrated that cell metabolism and functions were changed after acute injury and that microglia transformed from a ramified form to an amoeboid-phagocytic form. In this study, the decrease in the transition of cells from ramified to reactive and amoeboid forms showed us that topical brimonidine treatment could have neuroinflammation suppressor features.
{"title":"Effects of Brimonidine on Microglia Morphology in the Transient Retinal Ischemia Model","authors":"S. Acar, M. S. S. ˘. glu, A. Colak, Zeynep Akta¸s, A. Dinçel","doi":"10.54646/bijcroo.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of brimonidine on microglia cell morphology by creating a transient retinal ischemia model in rats. Methods: In the right eyes of male Wistar rats (n = 12), a transient retinal ischemia model was created. The rats were divided into three groups: (1) eyes treated with topical brimonidine in the transient retinal ischemia model, (2) shamtreated eyes, and (3) control eyes. Four main phenotypes (ramified, primed, reactive, and amoeboid-phagocytic) of Iba-1 positive microglia cells were examined in the retinal layers. Results: In the transient retinal ischemia model, the number of Iba-1 positive microglia cells was 100.67 ± 7.50 cells in the sham group and 57.67 ± 14.64 cells in the topical brimonidine group. The decrease in the total number of Iba-1 positive microglial cells was statistically significant (p < 0.05). When we compared ramified and primed microglia cells, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The number of amoeboidphagocytic microglial cells was 9.5 ± 1.29 cells in the sham treatment group and 2.25 ± 0.50 cells in the topical brimonidine group (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in the number of reactive and amoeboid cells. Conclusion: Studies in the central nervous system in rats demonstrated that cell metabolism and functions were changed after acute injury and that microglia transformed from a ramified form to an amoeboid-phagocytic form. In this study, the decrease in the transition of cells from ramified to reactive and amoeboid forms showed us that topical brimonidine treatment could have neuroinflammation suppressor features.","PeriodicalId":101752,"journal":{"name":"BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133741768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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