Pub Date : 2020-07-14DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch087
S. Razvarz, R. Jafari, Cristóbal Vargas Jarillo, A. Gegov
This chapter demonstrated an experimental study about the effect of inclination angle and nano particles in active fluids and curves related to thermosiphons and heatpipes. In this context, the chapter gives a brief overview of the effect of nano fluids on thermal conductivity and thermal efficiency enhancement of a heat pipe on the different operating state and next idea is studying of efficacy related to the inclination angle of the heat pipe. In this book chapter, there is an experimental investigation employing Al2O3 nanoparticle in order to study the enhancement of thermal characteristics of a heat tube in different inclination angle. Three cases, for Al2O3 nanoparticles in water with volume concentrations 1%, 2%, and 3% are considered and results are compared with the thermal performance of the heat pipe filled with pure water. The result of each case will present in the different angular of pipeline and clearly will show the effect of the gravity in the pipeline.
{"title":"Effect of Nanoparticle and Inclination Angle at Thermal Efficiency in Heatpipes","authors":"S. Razvarz, R. Jafari, Cristóbal Vargas Jarillo, A. Gegov","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch087","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter demonstrated an experimental study about the effect of inclination angle and nano particles in active fluids and curves related to thermosiphons and heatpipes. In this context, the chapter gives a brief overview of the effect of nano fluids on thermal conductivity and thermal efficiency enhancement of a heat pipe on the different operating state and next idea is studying of efficacy related to the inclination angle of the heat pipe. In this book chapter, there is an experimental investigation employing Al2O3 nanoparticle in order to study the enhancement of thermal characteristics of a heat tube in different inclination angle. Three cases, for Al2O3 nanoparticles in water with volume concentrations 1%, 2%, and 3% are considered and results are compared with the thermal performance of the heat pipe filled with pure water. The result of each case will present in the different angular of pipeline and clearly will show the effect of the gravity in the pipeline.","PeriodicalId":101975,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126004022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch130
B. Gavurová, M. Kubák
The health system's performance consists of three components: efficiency, availability, and resilience. These three economic categories are also influenced by the distribution of medical devices and equipment, both by the quality of satisfaction of medical needs, by geographical availability and by the cost - the degree of financial burden on the health system. However, only few research studies deal with the issue of regional disparities in the use of selected medical technology. The aim of presented study is to map the distribution of the magnetic resonance imaging scans in Slovak republic within the timespan 2008-2017 on NUTS 3, respectively NUTS 4 level. Correspondence analysis shows hidden associations between the analysed variables. Our results show that magnetic resonance imaging scans are highly concentrated in two big cities. Generally, the number of magnetic resonance imaging scans has increased over time from 0.6 scans per 100 000 habitants in 2008 to approximately 0.94 scans per 100 000 habitants in 2017.
{"title":"Distribution of Selected Health Technology in Regions of Slovakia","authors":"B. Gavurová, M. Kubák","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch130","url":null,"abstract":"The health system's performance consists of three components: efficiency, availability, and resilience. These three economic categories are also influenced by the distribution of medical devices and equipment, both by the quality of satisfaction of medical needs, by geographical availability and by the cost - the degree of financial burden on the health system. However, only few research studies deal with the issue of regional disparities in the use of selected medical technology. The aim of presented study is to map the distribution of the magnetic resonance imaging scans in Slovak republic within the timespan 2008-2017 on NUTS 3, respectively NUTS 4 level. Correspondence analysis shows hidden associations between the analysed variables. Our results show that magnetic resonance imaging scans are highly concentrated in two big cities. Generally, the number of magnetic resonance imaging scans has increased over time from 0.6 scans per 100 000 habitants in 2008 to approximately 0.94 scans per 100 000 habitants in 2017.","PeriodicalId":101975,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125581533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch119
J. Rascão
The objective of this work is to contribute to a reflection on the emergence of the concept of informational competences. The information and knowledge society need a science that studies the informational competences and processes of its construction, transmission, and use, based on the aggregation of existing literature. The structure of the article synthesizes the existing academic works, seeking to generate new knowledge. The results can be used to integrate informational competencies in the different sciences and or areas of knowledge. The article first seeks to identify the skills and the apparent processes and then focuses more in detail on some of them.
{"title":"Informational Competencies","authors":"J. Rascão","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch119","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to contribute to a reflection on the emergence of the concept of informational competences. The information and knowledge society need a science that studies the informational competences and processes of its construction, transmission, and use, based on the aggregation of existing literature. The structure of the article synthesizes the existing academic works, seeking to generate new knowledge. The results can be used to integrate informational competencies in the different sciences and or areas of knowledge. The article first seeks to identify the skills and the apparent processes and then focuses more in detail on some of them.","PeriodicalId":101975,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128659135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch124
S. Jagdale, A. Hable, A. Chabukswar
Clinical trial is a part of clinical research. It is a systematic experimental biomedical study. They are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of medications or medical devices or biologics. Trials are conducted to check safety and efficacy of new drug. It includes four phases as phase I, II, III, and IV. The study is carried out according to study protocol and standard operating procedures as per good clinical practices guidelines. The study protocol is developed by the researchers and approved by an independent committee called as Institutional Review Board. Protocol is a roadmap for team of healthcare professionals involved in investigation work. It should explain the significance of research trial, location, detail procedure, methods, activities, time allotment, financial estimate and any other information required. The content of protocol are title, objective, background, eligibility criteria, study methodology, risks or adverse effects, benefits, alternative treatment, data collection, statistical treatment, regulatory guidance, and other information.
{"title":"Protocol Development in Clinical Trials for Healthcare Management","authors":"S. Jagdale, A. Hable, A. Chabukswar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch124","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical trial is a part of clinical research. It is a systematic experimental biomedical study. They are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of medications or medical devices or biologics. Trials are conducted to check safety and efficacy of new drug. It includes four phases as phase I, II, III, and IV. The study is carried out according to study protocol and standard operating procedures as per good clinical practices guidelines. The study protocol is developed by the researchers and approved by an independent committee called as Institutional Review Board. Protocol is a roadmap for team of healthcare professionals involved in investigation work. It should explain the significance of research trial, location, detail procedure, methods, activities, time allotment, financial estimate and any other information required. The content of protocol are title, objective, background, eligibility criteria, study methodology, risks or adverse effects, benefits, alternative treatment, data collection, statistical treatment, regulatory guidance, and other information.","PeriodicalId":101975,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131261715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch037
A. N.
Sensors are tiny devices deployed to monitor any object of interest. As these devices are unsupervised, they are liable to get compromised. The chapter suggests to minimize sinkhole attack in the network. The work is an improvement of the cross-layer detection method. The doings of the network and MAC layer are brought in together to enhance security in the network. The proposed study uses signal strength and node identification to track the malicious node in the network. The work suffixes a hash code to enhance security in the network. The work aids in bringing forward secrecy. The energy is reduced by 18.18%, and the security is increased by 22% with the comparison to the previous work.
{"title":"Improved Cross-Layer Detection and Prevention of Sinkhole Attack in WSN","authors":"A. N.","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch037","url":null,"abstract":"Sensors are tiny devices deployed to monitor any object of interest. As these devices are unsupervised, they are liable to get compromised. The chapter suggests to minimize sinkhole attack in the network. The work is an improvement of the cross-layer detection method. The doings of the network and MAC layer are brought in together to enhance security in the network. The proposed study uses signal strength and node identification to track the malicious node in the network. The work suffixes a hash code to enhance security in the network. The work aids in bringing forward secrecy. The energy is reduced by 18.18%, and the security is increased by 22% with the comparison to the previous work.","PeriodicalId":101975,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131395698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch088
A. Artyukhov, J. Krmela, N. Artyukhova, R. Ostroha
The work is devoted to the using of modern program packages for simulation of the aerodisperse systems hydrodynamics of equipment with directional motion of the fluidized bed for the chemical industry. The criteria for selecting the design for this type of equipment are substantiated. New forms of organization of flow motion in the fluidized bed regime are proposed. The mechanisms of motion and residence time control of the disperse phase in the working space of the devices are described. The results of computer simulation of hydrodynamic conditions of the directed gas stream and a two-phase aerodisperse system motion are presented. An algorithm for optimizing the calculation of equipment based on the results of computer simulation (by example of the unit for the porous ammonium nitrate with nanostructured porous layers production) is shown.
{"title":"Modeling of the Aerodisperse Systems Hydrodynamics in Devices With Directional Motion of the Fluidized Bed","authors":"A. Artyukhov, J. Krmela, N. Artyukhova, R. Ostroha","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch088","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the using of modern program packages for simulation of the aerodisperse systems hydrodynamics of equipment with directional motion of the fluidized bed for the chemical industry. The criteria for selecting the design for this type of equipment are substantiated. New forms of organization of flow motion in the fluidized bed regime are proposed. The mechanisms of motion and residence time control of the disperse phase in the working space of the devices are described. The results of computer simulation of hydrodynamic conditions of the directed gas stream and a two-phase aerodisperse system motion are presented. An algorithm for optimizing the calculation of equipment based on the results of computer simulation (by example of the unit for the porous ammonium nitrate with nanostructured porous layers production) is shown.","PeriodicalId":101975,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition","volume":"4300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125335242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch062
Kiminori Usuki, Shogo Kato, Y. Kato
In text messaging with mobile phones and smartphones, many users face pressure to rapidly reply. Despite the increasing importance of mobile text-messaging, few studies have examined reply speed. This article focused on the speed of interaction in text messaging via smart phone applications (especially those with read receipt functions). It was suggested that the speed of exchange and read receipt status can serve as operable nonverbal cues to the sender of the message. Toward the aim of effective communication via text messaging using smartphones, we propose future directions in examining the strategic use of speed of interaction and read receipts.
{"title":"Interaction Speed as Nonverbal Cues in Text Messaging via Smartphone","authors":"Kiminori Usuki, Shogo Kato, Y. Kato","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch062","url":null,"abstract":"In text messaging with mobile phones and smartphones, many users face pressure to rapidly reply. Despite the increasing importance of mobile text-messaging, few studies have examined reply speed. This article focused on the speed of interaction in text messaging via smart phone applications (especially those with read receipt functions). It was suggested that the speed of exchange and read receipt status can serve as operable nonverbal cues to the sender of the message. Toward the aim of effective communication via text messaging using smartphones, we propose future directions in examining the strategic use of speed of interaction and read receipts.","PeriodicalId":101975,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130564479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch061
L. Favre
New paradigms such as pervasive computing, cloud computing, and the internet of things (IoT) are impacting the business world. Smartphones are at the core of these paradigms by allowing us interaction with the world around us. In light of this, it is imperative to migrate a lot of existing non-mobile software to adapt it to the new technological reality. The main challenge to achieve this goal is the proliferation of mobile platforms. An integration of ADM (Architecture Driven Modernization), cross-platform development and formal metamodeling to face this kind of migration is described. The proposal was validated with the migration of object-oriented software to different mobile platforms through the multiplatform language Haxe. A comparison of the approach with traditional migration processes and the description of existing challenges in real projects of the scientific and industrial field are included.
{"title":"Migrating Software Towards Mobile Technologies","authors":"L. Favre","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch061","url":null,"abstract":"New paradigms such as pervasive computing, cloud computing, and the internet of things (IoT) are impacting the business world. Smartphones are at the core of these paradigms by allowing us interaction with the world around us. In light of this, it is imperative to migrate a lot of existing non-mobile software to adapt it to the new technological reality. The main challenge to achieve this goal is the proliferation of mobile platforms. An integration of ADM (Architecture Driven Modernization), cross-platform development and formal metamodeling to face this kind of migration is described. The proposal was validated with the migration of object-oriented software to different mobile platforms through the multiplatform language Haxe. A comparison of the approach with traditional migration processes and the description of existing challenges in real projects of the scientific and industrial field are included.","PeriodicalId":101975,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130225769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch106
Nagayuki Saito
Since the latter half of the 1990s, various policy methods to replace government regulations have been studied in Western countries. Among the trends, in recent years, international organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the European Commission (EC), and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) have considered introducing behavioral public policy as a new policy method, substituting for governmental regulation. This article reviews the status of behavioral public policy being introduced in each international organization. Furthermore, we compare and verify the stages of behavioral public policy in terms of consumer protection policy in each international organization in the telecommunications market, based on a literature review.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Applying Behavioral Public Policy to Telecommunication Market by International Organizations","authors":"Nagayuki Saito","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch106","url":null,"abstract":"Since the latter half of the 1990s, various policy methods to replace government regulations have been studied in Western countries. Among the trends, in recent years, international organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the European Commission (EC), and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) have considered introducing behavioral public policy as a new policy method, substituting for governmental regulation. This article reviews the status of behavioral public policy being introduced in each international organization. Furthermore, we compare and verify the stages of behavioral public policy in terms of consumer protection policy in each international organization in the telecommunications market, based on a literature review.","PeriodicalId":101975,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127143308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch081
G. D. S. Hadad, J. H. Doorn, Viviana Alejandra Ledesma
Literature mainly focuses the adaptation of any requirements engineering process on the possible variations of elicitation techniques, mainly due to information sources characteristics. However, these particularities, usually called situational factors, are seldom considered in other activities of the requirements process. Most situational factors, when considered in software projects, have a high influence on the requirements process. Therefore, the different situations that may attempt against or may favor a successful requirements process should be identified at the beginning of the project. Additionally, some of such factors may evolve along software development life cycle; this should motivate a reengineering of the requirements process at some strategic milestones. In this chapter, a process for constructing and dynamically adapting a requirements process is proposed, focusing on the evolving factors. The process follows rules based on different combinations of situational factors at specific control points and manages a repository of process blocks to perform the tailoring.
{"title":"Adapting a Requirements Engineering Process by Key Factors Estimation","authors":"G. D. S. Hadad, J. H. Doorn, Viviana Alejandra Ledesma","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch081","url":null,"abstract":"Literature mainly focuses the adaptation of any requirements engineering process on the possible variations of elicitation techniques, mainly due to information sources characteristics. However, these particularities, usually called situational factors, are seldom considered in other activities of the requirements process. Most situational factors, when considered in software projects, have a high influence on the requirements process. Therefore, the different situations that may attempt against or may favor a successful requirements process should be identified at the beginning of the project. Additionally, some of such factors may evolve along software development life cycle; this should motivate a reengineering of the requirements process at some strategic milestones. In this chapter, a process for constructing and dynamically adapting a requirements process is proposed, focusing on the evolving factors. The process follows rules based on different combinations of situational factors at specific control points and manages a repository of process blocks to perform the tailoring.","PeriodicalId":101975,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131683800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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