Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i8532
L. Suriati, N. K. Mardewi, D. K. T. Sukmadewi, L. K. Datrini, Putu Ajus Raditya Putra, I. W. W. Putra
Aims: The prospects and development opportunities for taro-based processed food products have recently increased. Taro chips represent a type of snack food product that is particularly popular in the Wanagiri area of the Sukasada District in Buleleng Regency. The company's objective is to increase the quantity and quality of its production. Partners encounter impediments in the realm of business management, which impede the effective functioning of both production and marketing management. Study Design: Qualitative study with an intervention-based approach. Place and Duration of Study: Wanagiri Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency on June, 20th 2024. Methodology: The planned method for implementing activities for the development of packaging and product variations for the Wanagiri Talas Chips Processing Group, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, is to utilize the following; (a) The interview and discussion methods; (b) Face-to-face method will facilitate the transfer of knowledge regarding food packaging and hygienic sanitation, the processing of taro chips in a variety of flavors, storage, marketing, entrepreneurship and business management; (c) The programmed incorporates direct practice, guided by instructors who are competent in their respective fields Results: The primary challenges encountered by partners include sub-optimal business management and unappealing product packaging. This product has the potential to become a new source of income for the group. Furthermore, this activity has demonstrated success in supporting partners from the cultivation stage to the product marketing stage. As a result of the training and hands-on experience gained, group members have become more independent and are now better equipped to develop taro products. Conclusion: This activity enhances the knowledge and abilities of group members in the processing and marketing of taro products. Prior to the programmed, group members lacked knowledge of attractive packaging and diverse flavors of taro chips.
{"title":"Development of Packaging and Product Variations of Taro Chips at the Wanagiri Taro Processing Group","authors":"L. Suriati, N. K. Mardewi, D. K. T. Sukmadewi, L. K. Datrini, Putu Ajus Raditya Putra, I. W. W. Putra","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i8532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i8532","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The prospects and development opportunities for taro-based processed food products have recently increased. Taro chips represent a type of snack food product that is particularly popular in the Wanagiri area of the Sukasada District in Buleleng Regency. The company's objective is to increase the quantity and quality of its production. Partners encounter impediments in the realm of business management, which impede the effective functioning of both production and marketing management. \u0000Study Design: Qualitative study with an intervention-based approach. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Wanagiri Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency on June, 20th 2024. \u0000Methodology: The planned method for implementing activities for the development of packaging and product variations for the Wanagiri Talas Chips Processing Group, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, is to utilize the following; (a) The interview and discussion methods; (b) Face-to-face method will facilitate the transfer of knowledge regarding food packaging and hygienic sanitation, the processing of taro chips in a variety of flavors, storage, marketing, entrepreneurship and business management; (c) The programmed incorporates direct practice, guided by instructors who are competent in their respective fields \u0000Results: The primary challenges encountered by partners include sub-optimal business management and unappealing product packaging. This product has the potential to become a new source of income for the group. Furthermore, this activity has demonstrated success in supporting partners from the cultivation stage to the product marketing stage. As a result of the training and hands-on experience gained, group members have become more independent and are now better equipped to develop taro products. \u0000Conclusion: This activity enhances the knowledge and abilities of group members in the processing and marketing of taro products. Prior to the programmed, group members lacked knowledge of attractive packaging and diverse flavors of taro chips.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"5 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i8531
J. Simbauni, Michael M. Kavuso, J. Mutiso, Rebeccah. M. Ayako, M. Gicheru
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a global viral infection that causes vesicular lesions in and around the mouth and feet, causing reluctance of animals to eat or move. In Kenya, bulls raised for AI receive vaccinations against FMD, but it is unclear if these animals experience vaccine-induced immunity. No research has been conducted to determine if animals in endemic areas develop natural immunity or whether animals in disease-free regions might be seropositive. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and levels of foot and mouth disease virus infection-triggered and vaccine-induced antibodies. A cross-sectional study was conducted on bulls farmed for AI production and vaccinated against FMD. Antibodies were quantified using a virus-neutralization test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test with Tukey and Dunn post-tests, respectively, were used to examine the data using the GraphPad InStat program. Additionally, the Spearman test was employed for correlation analysis and the t-test for intergroup differences analysis. A statistically significant P value was defined as less than 0.05. Findings showed protective antibody levels were present in 23%, 10.3%, 2.6%, and 7.7% of the animals in the FMD non-endemic region against the FMD virus strains O, A, SAT 1, and SAT 2, respectively. The protection provided by the O strain virus was significantly greater than that of SAT 1 (P = 0.01). In the FMD endemic area, all sampled animals showed protection levels at 100%, 100%, 100% and 29% for virus strains O, A, SAT 1, and SAT 2 respectively with the antibody titres showing significant differences (P < 0.05) for all the intergroup analysis except between strains O vs SAT 1 and A vs SAT 1 (P > 0.05). To conclude, the current research suggests that FMD may be making a comeback in the areas where the illness is not established. Furthermore, it seems that sperm recovery upon freezing is somewhat mitigated by FMDV-specific antibodies. The study advises monitoring FMD in areas where the illness is not endemic and confirms the current findings with larger sample sizes to enable more informed decision-making.
口蹄疫（FMD）是一种全球性病毒感染，会导致动物口腔和脚部及其周围出现水泡状病变，使动物不愿进食或移动。在肯尼亚，为人工授精而饲养的公牛会接种口蹄疫疫苗，但目前还不清楚这些动物是否会获得疫苗诱导的免疫力。目前还没有研究确定流行地区的动物是否会产生自然免疫，或者无疫区的动物是否会血清阳性。本研究旨在确定口蹄疫病毒感染触发抗体和疫苗诱导抗体的流行率和水平。这项横断面研究针对的是为生产人工授精而饲养并接种过口蹄疫疫苗的公牛。使用病毒中和试验对抗体进行量化。使用 GraphPad InStat 程序对数据进行了单因素方差分析 (ANOVA) 和 Kruskal-Wallis 检验，并分别进行了 Tukey 和 Dunn 后检验。此外，相关性分析采用 Spearman 检验，组间差异分析采用 t 检验。统计学意义上的 P 值定义为小于 0.05。研究结果显示，在口蹄疫非流行区，分别有 23%、10.3%、2.6% 和 7.7% 的动物体内存在针对口蹄疫病毒 O 株、A 株、SAT 1 株和 SAT 2 株的保护性抗体。O 株病毒提供的保护明显高于 SAT 1（P = 0.01）。在口蹄疫流行区，所有采样动物对 O、A、SAT 1 和 SAT 2 病毒株的保护率分别为 100%、100%、100% 和 29%，除了 O 株与 SAT 1 株和 A 株与 SAT 1 株之间的抗体滴度有显著差异（P < 0.05）（P > 0.05）外，所有组间分析均有显著差异（P < 0.05）。总之，目前的研究表明，FMD 可能会在尚未发病的地区卷土重来。此外，FMDV 特异性抗体似乎在一定程度上缓解了精子冷冻后的恢复。该研究建议在口蹄疫未流行的地区对其进行监测，并通过扩大样本量来证实目前的研究结果，以便做出更明智的决策。
{"title":"Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Strain-specific Antibody Titres in Naturally Infected or Vaccinated Bulls in Kenya","authors":"J. Simbauni, Michael M. Kavuso, J. Mutiso, Rebeccah. M. Ayako, M. Gicheru","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i8531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i8531","url":null,"abstract":"Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a global viral infection that causes vesicular lesions in and around the mouth and feet, causing reluctance of animals to eat or move. In Kenya, bulls raised for AI receive vaccinations against FMD, but it is unclear if these animals experience vaccine-induced immunity. No research has been conducted to determine if animals in endemic areas develop natural immunity or whether animals in disease-free regions might be seropositive. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and levels of foot and mouth disease virus infection-triggered and vaccine-induced antibodies. A cross-sectional study was conducted on bulls farmed for AI production and vaccinated against FMD. Antibodies were quantified using a virus-neutralization test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test with Tukey and Dunn post-tests, respectively, were used to examine the data using the GraphPad InStat program. Additionally, the Spearman test was employed for correlation analysis and the t-test for intergroup differences analysis. A statistically significant P value was defined as less than 0.05. Findings showed protective antibody levels were present in 23%, 10.3%, 2.6%, and 7.7% of the animals in the FMD non-endemic region against the FMD virus strains O, A, SAT 1, and SAT 2, respectively. The protection provided by the O strain virus was significantly greater than that of SAT 1 (P = 0.01). In the FMD endemic area, all sampled animals showed protection levels at 100%, 100%, 100% and 29% for virus strains O, A, SAT 1, and SAT 2 respectively with the antibody titres showing significant differences (P < 0.05) for all the intergroup analysis except between strains O vs SAT 1 and A vs SAT 1 (P > 0.05). To conclude, the current research suggests that FMD may be making a comeback in the areas where the illness is not established. Furthermore, it seems that sperm recovery upon freezing is somewhat mitigated by FMDV-specific antibodies. The study advises monitoring FMD in areas where the illness is not endemic and confirms the current findings with larger sample sizes to enable more informed decision-making.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"2 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7530
Junayed Uddin Ahmed, Maya Sultana
Aim: The study examines the evolution of the indigenous paddy/rice marketing system in Bangladesh. Study Design: Descriptive-quantitative and qualitative. Place and Duration of Study: For the research study, a simple random sampling procedure was used in two districts of Bangladesh, Brahmanbaria and Habiganj. The survey was conducted from February to March 2022. Methodology: In total, 113 farmers and 43 different paddy and rice traders’ data were collected from two villages in Brahmanbaria. In addition, data was also collected from 179 farmers in six villages and 23 different types of paddy and rice traders in Habiganj district. The data was tabulated and entered in SPSS 18 and MS Excel to calculate descriptive statistics. Results: The study revealed that in the indigenous paddy/rice marketing channel, Faria and LPA/Bepari were both very active actors. Over time, Faria’s business vanished in the 2nd stage, and LPA/Bepari has become the dominant actor, as about 64.3% of paddy is traded through them. In the 3rd stage, LPA/Bepari’s business has decreased, and LPB/Paddy Aratdar has become a dominant actor as about 68.9% of paddy is traded through them. In the 3rd stage, Paddy Aratdar cum Wholesaler has vanished from the paddy/rice marketing channel. Due to intense competition among paddy and rice traders, changes in their functions and marketing power in the paddy and rice markets, the development of infrastructure, and the enlarging of farmers’ facility conditions are the main reasons for the change. Conclusion: Therefore, infrastructure and farmer facility condition enhancement need to be extended for future paddy/rice marketing structure improvement.
{"title":"Changes in Indigenous Paddy/Rice Marketing Channel Structure: An Evidence from Two Districts of Bangladesh","authors":"Junayed Uddin Ahmed, Maya Sultana","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7530","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study examines the evolution of the indigenous paddy/rice marketing system in Bangladesh. \u0000Study Design: Descriptive-quantitative and qualitative. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: For the research study, a simple random sampling procedure was used in two districts of Bangladesh, Brahmanbaria and Habiganj. The survey was conducted from February to March 2022. \u0000Methodology: In total, 113 farmers and 43 different paddy and rice traders’ data were collected from two villages in Brahmanbaria. In addition, data was also collected from 179 farmers in six villages and 23 different types of paddy and rice traders in Habiganj district. The data was tabulated and entered in SPSS 18 and MS Excel to calculate descriptive statistics. \u0000Results: The study revealed that in the indigenous paddy/rice marketing channel, Faria and LPA/Bepari were both very active actors. Over time, Faria’s business vanished in the 2nd stage, and LPA/Bepari has become the dominant actor, as about 64.3% of paddy is traded through them. In the 3rd stage, LPA/Bepari’s business has decreased, and LPB/Paddy Aratdar has become a dominant actor as about 68.9% of paddy is traded through them. In the 3rd stage, Paddy Aratdar cum Wholesaler has vanished from the paddy/rice marketing channel. Due to intense competition among paddy and rice traders, changes in their functions and marketing power in the paddy and rice markets, the development of infrastructure, and the enlarging of farmers’ facility conditions are the main reasons for the change. \u0000Conclusion: Therefore, infrastructure and farmer facility condition enhancement need to be extended for future paddy/rice marketing structure improvement.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"111 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7529
Ibrahim Adams, Mubashir Tariq
Reproduction is a fundamental process in all life forms, including insects, in which offspring are produced from the parent organisms. The offspring combines genetic information from each of its parents and is genetically unique. Insects reproduce through both sexual and asexual reproduction, ensuring rapid population increase. Sexual reproduction involves the use gametes from both male and female insects, whilst asexual reproduction permits solitary creatures to lead to genetically identical progeny. Reproductive ecology deals with the study of how physiological characteristics, behavioral, and environmental elements impact on insect reproduction. The complexity of insect reproduction is focused by important processes known as vitellogenesis, which is required for egg development and transgenerational immunity. The i5k initiative planned to sequence more than 5,000 insect genomes to increase our understanding, yet challenges remain due to genome assembly issues and budgetary limitations. Understanding the reproductive morphology and methods of insects, as well as oviposition-related genes, is critical for effective pest management and biological control measures. Insect reproductive research contributes immensely to evolutionary biology, conservation, and agricultural productivity by understanding life cycles, reproductive behaviors, and pollination roles. Insect neurobiology, microbiome and environmental entomology are three most important study fields that will come up with new insights into basic biological processes as well as anticipated pest management and conservation measures in the face of environmental changes in the coming future.
{"title":"An Overview of Reproduction in Insects","authors":"Ibrahim Adams, Mubashir Tariq","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7529","url":null,"abstract":"Reproduction is a fundamental process in all life forms, including insects, in which offspring are produced from the parent organisms. The offspring combines genetic information from each of its parents and is genetically unique. Insects reproduce through both sexual and asexual reproduction, ensuring rapid population increase. Sexual reproduction involves the use gametes from both male and female insects, whilst asexual reproduction permits solitary creatures to lead to genetically identical progeny. Reproductive ecology deals with the study of how physiological characteristics, behavioral, and environmental elements impact on insect reproduction. The complexity of insect reproduction is focused by important processes known as vitellogenesis, which is required for egg development and transgenerational immunity. The i5k initiative planned to sequence more than 5,000 insect genomes to increase our understanding, yet challenges remain due to genome assembly issues and budgetary limitations. Understanding the reproductive morphology and methods of insects, as well as oviposition-related genes, is critical for effective pest management and biological control measures. Insect reproductive research contributes immensely to evolutionary biology, conservation, and agricultural productivity by understanding life cycles, reproductive behaviors, and pollination roles. Insect neurobiology, microbiome and environmental entomology are three most important study fields that will come up with new insights into basic biological processes as well as anticipated pest management and conservation measures in the face of environmental changes in the coming future.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"119 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Fruit Orchard of Guru Kashi University, Talwandi sabo, in the Southern-Western region of Punjab, the current study, named "Effect of foliar spray of Zinc and Manganese on vegetative development, yield, and fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin"(Citrus reticulate), was carried out from 2023 to 24, Applying a mixture of manganese and zinc sulfate to Kinnow plants that are five years old. The study employed a randomized block design with three replications. The inquiry involved the use of various treatments. T4-Zn+Mn (0.5%+0.25%), T5-Zn+ Mn (0.5%+0.35%), T6-Zn+ Mn (0.5%+0.45%), T7-Mn+ Zn (0.35%+0.4%), and T8-Mn+ Zn (0.35%+0.6%) are the groups that comprise T1-control, T2-zinc 0.5%, and T3-Mn 0.35%.The results showed that the best combinations for plant growth metrics, such as plant height (302 cm), mean fruit weight (182 gm), mean fruit length (7.26 cm), and mean fruit weight, were T8: 0.35%Mn+0.6%Zn and T5:0.5%Zn+0.35%Mn. diameter (9.20 cm), average fruit output per plant (482), and quality characteristics with the T5:0.5% Zn+0.35% Mn and T1 control, such as total soluble solid (11.16 Brix) and maximum acidity (1.94).The ideal concentrations of zinc sulfate (0.6% and manganese sulfate (0.35%) to boost output, enhance fruit quality, and promote kinnow vegetative growth.
{"title":"Effect of Foliar Spray of Zinc and Manganese on Vegetative Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Kinnow Mandarin (Citrus reticulate)","authors":"Dinesh Kumar, Gurdeep Singh, Navdeep Singh, Mahak Rani","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7523","url":null,"abstract":"In the Fruit Orchard of Guru Kashi University, Talwandi sabo, in the Southern-Western region of Punjab, the current study, named \"Effect of foliar spray of Zinc and Manganese on vegetative development, yield, and fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin\"(Citrus reticulate), was carried out from 2023 to 24, Applying a mixture of manganese and zinc sulfate to Kinnow plants that are five years old. The study employed a randomized block design with three replications. The inquiry involved the use of various treatments. T4-Zn+Mn (0.5%+0.25%), T5-Zn+ Mn (0.5%+0.35%), T6-Zn+ Mn (0.5%+0.45%), T7-Mn+ Zn (0.35%+0.4%), and T8-Mn+ Zn (0.35%+0.6%) are the groups that comprise T1-control, T2-zinc 0.5%, and T3-Mn 0.35%.The results showed that the best combinations for plant growth metrics, such as plant height (302 cm), mean fruit weight (182 gm), mean fruit length (7.26 cm), and mean fruit weight, were T8: 0.35%Mn+0.6%Zn and T5:0.5%Zn+0.35%Mn. diameter (9.20 cm), average fruit output per plant (482), and quality characteristics with the T5:0.5% Zn+0.35% Mn and T1 control, such as total soluble solid (11.16 Brix) and maximum acidity (1.94).The ideal concentrations of zinc sulfate (0.6% and manganese sulfate (0.35%) to boost output, enhance fruit quality, and promote kinnow vegetative growth.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seed germination is the most important aspect for raising the nursery for successful seedling production of papaya. The research was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda (Punjab) during 2023 to evaluate the impact of different pre-soaking chemicals on seed germination and vigour of papaya seedling. The experiment was laid out Randomized block design with three replications and included ten different treatments., namely T1 (Control- double distilled water), T2 (GA3 @ 50 ppm), T3 (GA3 @ 100 ppm), T4 (GA3 @ 200 ppm), T5 (Kinetin @ 25 ppm), T6 (Kinetin @ 50 ppm), T7 (Kinetin @ 75 ppm), T8 (KNO3 @ 500 ppm), T9 (KNO3 @ 1000 ppm), T10 (KNO3 @ 1500 ppm), were soaked for 24 hours. The seeds were sown in a blend of sand, soil and vermiculite with a ratio of 2:1:1 and maintained under controlled polyhouse condition. Among the treatments, T3 (GA3 @100 ppm) demonstrated the most rapid seed germination, highest percentage of germination (56.20) and maximum survival percentage (53.44) and the T4 (GA3 @ 200 ppm) resulted in the lowest days to first emergence of seedling (3.66), maximum plant height (32.33), maximum number of leaves (8.66) and highest girth of seedling (5.86) at 60 days after sowing. In Conclusion, the most effective approach for enhancing seed germination in papaya involved pre-treating the seeds with GA3 @ 200 ppm in var. Red lady.
{"title":"Effect of Gibbrellic Acid, Kinetin and Potassium Nitrate on Seed Germination of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red Lady","authors":"Mahak Rani, Gurdeep Singh, Navdeep Singh, Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7522","url":null,"abstract":"Seed germination is the most important aspect for raising the nursery for successful seedling production of papaya. The research was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda (Punjab) during 2023 to evaluate the impact of different pre-soaking chemicals on seed germination and vigour of papaya seedling. The experiment was laid out Randomized block design with three replications and included ten different treatments., namely T1 (Control- double distilled water), T2 (GA3 @ 50 ppm), T3 (GA3 @ 100 ppm), T4 (GA3 @ 200 ppm), T5 (Kinetin @ 25 ppm), T6 (Kinetin @ 50 ppm), T7 (Kinetin @ 75 ppm), T8 (KNO3 @ 500 ppm), T9 (KNO3 @ 1000 ppm), T10 (KNO3 @ 1500 ppm), were soaked for 24 hours. The seeds were sown in a blend of sand, soil and vermiculite with a ratio of 2:1:1 and maintained under controlled polyhouse condition. Among the treatments, T3 (GA3 @100 ppm) demonstrated the most rapid seed germination, highest percentage of germination (56.20) and maximum survival percentage (53.44) and the T4 (GA3 @ 200 ppm) resulted in the lowest days to first emergence of seedling (3.66), maximum plant height (32.33), maximum number of leaves (8.66) and highest girth of seedling (5.86) at 60 days after sowing. In Conclusion, the most effective approach for enhancing seed germination in papaya involved pre-treating the seeds with GA3 @ 200 ppm in var. Red lady.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"128 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141351151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7521
A. Idris, I. Tafida, Daniel Ishaya Jackson
Gender plays a vital role in agricultural production, especially for cowpea, which is an important crop in Nigeria. The selection of good preferred varieties results in optimum output. The study assessed the gender roles in improved cowpea variety production and its selection among farmers in Kano State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select six (6) Local Government Areas (LGAs) from the three (3) Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) zones in the state. 204 farmers were selected across the six LGAs. The Harvard Analytical Framework and questionnaire were used to collect the data, and descriptive statistics were also used to analyse it. The results from the study revealed that the majority (63%) of adult males are the key actors in all cowpea farm activities, with the exception of the processing of farm products, which is being carried out mainly by the majority (76.6%) of adult females with the assistance of the female youth in the household. Females handled the majority of the income-generating tasks, such as petty trading and the sale of processed cowpea products. Adult males in the study area had more access to and control over the available production resources than adult females, and almost all the respondents benefited from the resources, such as food items, clothing, education, etc. The result further indicated that the constraints faced by both male and female farmers were inadequate training on improved agronomic practices and no proper information on the cowpea varieties. Conclusively, adult males performed most of the cowpea production and selection activities, and females were responsible for the income-generating activities. Therefore, farmers should be adequately trained on the improved cowpea production practices and females be encourage to participate actively in cowpea production activities.
{"title":"Gender Roles in Improved Cowpea Varieties Production and Selection Among Farmers in Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Idris, I. Tafida, Daniel Ishaya Jackson","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7521","url":null,"abstract":"Gender plays a vital role in agricultural production, especially for cowpea, which is an important crop in Nigeria. The selection of good preferred varieties results in optimum output. The study assessed the gender roles in improved cowpea variety production and its selection among farmers in Kano State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select six (6) Local Government Areas (LGAs) from the three (3) Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) zones in the state. 204 farmers were selected across the six LGAs. The Harvard Analytical Framework and questionnaire were used to collect the data, and descriptive statistics were also used to analyse it. The results from the study revealed that the majority (63%) of adult males are the key actors in all cowpea farm activities, with the exception of the processing of farm products, which is being carried out mainly by the majority (76.6%) of adult females with the assistance of the female youth in the household. Females handled the majority of the income-generating tasks, such as petty trading and the sale of processed cowpea products. Adult males in the study area had more access to and control over the available production resources than adult females, and almost all the respondents benefited from the resources, such as food items, clothing, education, etc. The result further indicated that the constraints faced by both male and female farmers were inadequate training on improved agronomic practices and no proper information on the cowpea varieties. Conclusively, adult males performed most of the cowpea production and selection activities, and females were responsible for the income-generating activities. Therefore, farmers should be adequately trained on the improved cowpea production practices and females be encourage to participate actively in cowpea production activities.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":" 55","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7520
Feisal M. Ismaeil, Salah Eldeen E. Ahmed, Abderhim A. Jabereldar, Entisar Elilah B. Mohammed Ahmed, Mohammed H. B
The present study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, Elobeid, Sudan. To evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth, yield and quality of Sorghum forage (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. cv Abusabien). The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen: control, 43, 86 and 120 kg N/ha (0N, 1N, 2N and 3N). The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. The parameters measured were: plant population, plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, fresh weight (ton/ha), dry weight (ton/ha), crude protein (%) content, fat (%) content, fiber (%) content, ash (%) content and carbohydrates (%) content. the results revealed that there were significant differences among the treatments in most characters under study. Nitrogen fertilizer resulted in an increase in growth attributes as well as forage yield. Nitrogen fertilizer dose (120 kg N/ha) produced higher fresh and dry forage at harvest compared to the other treatments. Also the results showed that nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the percentage (%) content of crude protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates while decreased fiber percentage (%) concentration compared to the control. The treatment 120 kg N/ha (3N) had highest values of protein (13.68), fat (2.04), ash (12.18) (%) content, while the lowest values (9.73, 1.32 and 10.07) % content respectively, were obtained in the control. Then, based on these findings we recommended that to obtain high growth, forage yield and quality from sorghum forage Abu-Sabeen, nitrogen at the level of (120 kg/ha ) should be applied.
{"title":"Effect of different Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Quality of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Abusabien)","authors":"Feisal M. Ismaeil, Salah Eldeen E. Ahmed, Abderhim A. Jabereldar, Entisar Elilah B. Mohammed Ahmed, Mohammed H. B","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7520","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, Elobeid, Sudan. To evaluate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth, yield and quality of Sorghum forage (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. cv Abusabien). The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen: control, 43, 86 and 120 kg N/ha (0N, 1N, 2N and 3N). The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. The parameters measured were: plant population, plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, fresh weight (ton/ha), dry weight (ton/ha), crude protein (%) content, fat (%) content, fiber (%) content, ash (%) content and carbohydrates (%) content. the results revealed that there were significant differences among the treatments in most characters under study. Nitrogen fertilizer resulted in an increase in growth attributes as well as forage yield. Nitrogen fertilizer dose (120 kg N/ha) produced higher fresh and dry forage at harvest compared to the other treatments. Also the results showed that nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the percentage (%) content of crude protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates while decreased fiber percentage (%) concentration compared to the control. The treatment 120 kg N/ha (3N) had highest values of protein (13.68), fat (2.04), ash (12.18) (%) content, while the lowest values (9.73, 1.32 and 10.07) % content respectively, were obtained in the control. Then, based on these findings we recommended that to obtain high growth, forage yield and quality from sorghum forage Abu-Sabeen, nitrogen at the level of (120 kg/ha ) should be applied.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7519
Olubukola Yinka Odekunle, O. Ijarotimi, I. Oluwalana
Aim: This study aimed at extracting bioactive components from conophor nut as a probable nutraceutic in the treatment of diabetes. Place and Duration: Food Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, and Biochemistry Laboratory of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, from June 2023 to September 2023. Methodology: Protein isolate (CNPI) was produced via alkaline solubilisation of defatted conophor nut flour using NaOH. Hydrolysate was prepared by fermentation using Lactobacillus fermentum BGT10 for 24, 48 and 72 hours (CNPH24, CNPH48, CNPH72) respectively while the ethanolic extract (CNE) was prepared by steeping defatted conophor nut flour in 95% ethanol. Diabetic model rats were subjected to hyperlipidemic diet for 4 weeks and then induced by single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared solution of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). The rats were randomly divided into 18 groups of five (5) rats each; negative control group, diabetic control group, reference (positive) control group as well as the treatment group; CNE, CNPH24, CNPH48, CNPH72 and CNPI administered dose dependently namely, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Oxidative stress was evaluated in liver and kidney by antioxidant markers, and also kidney functions were determined in diabetic control and treated rats. Results: When compared with diabetic rats, oral administration of treatments at a concentration of 1000 mg/kg daily for 28 days showed significant reduction in biochemical parameters of liver and kidney for CNE, CNPH24, CNPH48, CNPH72 and CNPI respectively. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in significant increase in SOD, GSH, GST and CAT and decrease in MDA in the liver and kidney respectively. Conclusion: Results from the study suggest that CNE, CNPH24, CNPH48, CNPH72 and CNPI may effectively normalize dysfunctional antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetics in a dose-dependent manner.
{"title":"Evaluation of Conophor Nut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) Protein Isolates, Hydrolysate and Ethanolic Extract Ameliorating Potential on Hepatological and Renal Dysfunction of Streptozocin-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats","authors":"Olubukola Yinka Odekunle, O. Ijarotimi, I. Oluwalana","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i7519","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed at extracting bioactive components from conophor nut as a probable nutraceutic in the treatment of diabetes. \u0000Place and Duration: Food Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, and Biochemistry Laboratory of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, from June 2023 to September 2023. \u0000Methodology: Protein isolate (CNPI) was produced via alkaline solubilisation of defatted conophor nut flour using NaOH. Hydrolysate was prepared by fermentation using Lactobacillus fermentum BGT10 for 24, 48 and 72 hours (CNPH24, CNPH48, CNPH72) respectively while the ethanolic extract (CNE) was prepared by steeping defatted conophor nut flour in 95% ethanol. Diabetic model rats were subjected to hyperlipidemic diet for 4 weeks and then induced by single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared solution of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). The rats were randomly divided into 18 groups of five (5) rats each; negative control group, diabetic control group, reference (positive) control group as well as the treatment group; CNE, CNPH24, CNPH48, CNPH72 and CNPI administered dose dependently namely, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Oxidative stress was evaluated in liver and kidney by antioxidant markers, and also kidney functions were determined in diabetic control and treated rats. \u0000Results: When compared with diabetic rats, oral administration of treatments at a concentration of 1000 mg/kg daily for 28 days showed significant reduction in biochemical parameters of liver and kidney for CNE, CNPH24, CNPH48, CNPH72 and CNPI respectively. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in significant increase in SOD, GSH, GST and CAT and decrease in MDA in the liver and kidney respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Results from the study suggest that CNE, CNPH24, CNPH48, CNPH72 and CNPI may effectively normalize dysfunctional antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetics in a dose-dependent manner.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"49 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i6516
Nice Afroz, Karima Akter, S. A. Zomo, Jesmin Zaman, Md. Omar Kayess
A study was carried out in the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to investigate the impact of spacing on the growth and yield of Boro rice cv. BRRI Dhan47. The experiment consisted of four spacings viz. 25 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 25 cm as treatment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Spacing significantly influenced most of the parameters except plant height, panicle length and weight of 1000 grain. The highest number of total tillers hill-1, non-effective tillers hill-1, sterile spikelets panicle-1, total spikelets panicle-1 (146.07) and straw yield were obtained from 25 cm × 25 cm spacing. But, the maximum number of effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1 (125.40), grain yield (5.05 t ha-1), biological yield (11.22 t ha-1) and harvest index (44.86%) were recorded from 25 cm × 15 cm spacing. The lowest value of the above-mentioned characters was obtained from 25 cm × 10 cm spacing in most of the cases except minimum non-effective tillers hill-1 and number of sterile spikelets panicle were obtained from 25 cm × 15 cm spacing and the lowest harvest index (41.14%) was recorded from 25 cm × 25 cm spacing. Based on the findings of the study, it can be suggested that the use of 25 cm × 15 cm spacing would be a promising practice to improve growth and maximize the grain yield of BRRI dhan47.
在孟加拉国迈门辛的孟加拉国农业大学农艺学田间实验室开展了一项研究，调查株距对 Boro 水稻品种 BRRI Dhan47 的生长和产量的影响。BRRI Dhan47 的生长和产量的影响。试验包括四种行距，即 25 cm × 10 cm、25 cm × 15 cm、25 cm × 20 cm 和 25 cm × 25 cm。试验采用随机完全区组设计，三次重复。除株高、穗轴长度和千粒重外，株距对大多数参数都有明显影响。25 cm × 25 cm 的株行距获得了最高的总茎蘖丘数-1、非有效茎蘖丘数-1、不育穗圆锥花序-1、总穗圆锥花序-1（146.07）和秸秆产量。但 25 cm × 15 cm 株行距的有效分蘖数（小丘-1）、穗粒数（小穗-1）（125.40）、谷物产量（5.05 吨/公顷-1）、生物产量（11.22 吨/公顷-1）和收获指数（44.86%）最高。除了 25 cm × 15 cm 株行距的非有效分蘖小丘-1 和不育穗数最少，以及 25 cm × 25 cm 株行距的收获指数最低（41.14%）外，大多数情况下 25 cm × 10 cm 株行距的上述特征值最低。根据研究结果，可以认为使用 25 cm × 15 cm 株行距是改善 BRRI dhan47 生长和最大限度提高谷物产量的一种有前途的做法。
{"title":"Determination of Ideal Spacing for the Growth and Development of Boro Rice BRRI Dhan47","authors":"Nice Afroz, Karima Akter, S. A. Zomo, Jesmin Zaman, Md. Omar Kayess","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i6516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i6516","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out in the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to investigate the impact of spacing on the growth and yield of Boro rice cv. BRRI Dhan47. The experiment consisted of four spacings viz. 25 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, 25 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 25 cm as treatment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Spacing significantly influenced most of the parameters except plant height, panicle length and weight of 1000 grain. The highest number of total tillers hill-1, non-effective tillers hill-1, sterile spikelets panicle-1, total spikelets panicle-1 (146.07) and straw yield were obtained from 25 cm × 25 cm spacing. But, the maximum number of effective tillers hill-1, grains panicle-1 (125.40), grain yield (5.05 t ha-1), biological yield (11.22 t ha-1) and harvest index (44.86%) were recorded from 25 cm × 15 cm spacing. The lowest value of the above-mentioned characters was obtained from 25 cm × 10 cm spacing in most of the cases except minimum non-effective tillers hill-1 and number of sterile spikelets panicle were obtained from 25 cm × 15 cm spacing and the lowest harvest index (41.14%) was recorded from 25 cm × 25 cm spacing. Based on the findings of the study, it can be suggested that the use of 25 cm × 15 cm spacing would be a promising practice to improve growth and maximize the grain yield of BRRI dhan47.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"52 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141108576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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