Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i4447
J. Adu, D. Nyadanu, Albert Nyarko, M. Quaye, Felix Kuor, Collins Agyei Menka
A field research was undertaken at the research site of the Mampong campus of the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana to evaluate the parents and progenies of seven maize varieties. The main objective of the study was to identify high-yielding landraces and hybrids of maize and the heritability of yield-related traits using diallel analysis. The seven maize varieties (parents) used were: Aburopa, Aburonenkatie, Aburohoma, Kamaazie red, Kamaazie yellow, Kamaazie light red and Obaatampa. These varieties were crossed using the complete diallel design to generate 49 progenies. The progenies and their parents were evaluated using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In general, Obaatampa and Kamaazie red performed best for the yield and traits. General Combining Abilities (GCA) and Specific Combining Abilities (SCA) were significant for yield and yield related traits suggesting the importance of both additive and non-additive genes in their inheritance. Maternal gene effect was found to control days to 50% silking, size of seeds, number of seeds per cob and number of husk. It is therefore important to include reciprocals of traits in study. Obaatampa, Aburopa and Aburonenkatie were the best general combiner for 100 seeds weight. High narrow sense heritability was observed for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, diameter of cob, length of cob, weight per cob, 100 seeds weight and size of seeds. The progeny Aburopa X Kamaazie light red recorded the highest SCA for 100 seeds weight followed by Kamaazie light red X Aburonenkatie.
在加纳温内巴教育大学Mampong校区的研究地点进行了实地研究，以评价7个玉米品种的亲本和后代。本研究的主要目的是利用双列杂交分析鉴定玉米高产地方品种和杂交品种以及产量相关性状的遗传力。选用的7个玉米品种(亲本)分别为:Aburopa、Aburonenkatie、Aburohoma、Kamaazie red、Kamaazie yellow、Kamaazie light red和Obaatampa。这些品种采用完全双列杂交设计杂交，共产生49个后代。采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)进行评价，共3个重复。总体而言，奥巴坦帕红和卡马兹红在产量和性状上表现最好。一般配合力(GCA)和特定配合力(SCA)对产量和产量相关性状具有显著影响，表明加性基因和非加性基因在其遗传中的重要性。母本基因对出丝天数50%、籽粒大小、每穗轴种子数和壳数均有控制作用。因此，重要的是在研究中包括特征的相互作用。奥巴坦帕、阿布鲁帕和阿布鲁南卡蒂是百粒重的最佳综合组合。抽雄天数~ 50%、出丝天数~ 50%、穗轴直径、穗轴长度、每穗轴重、百粒重和种子大小的狭义遗传力较高。后代Aburopa X Kamaazie轻红在100粒重上的SCA最高，其次是Kamaazie轻红X Aburonenkatie。
{"title":"Identification of High-Yielding Landraces and Hybrids of Maize (Zea mays L.) and the Heritability of Yield-Related Traits in Ghana","authors":"J. Adu, D. Nyadanu, Albert Nyarko, M. Quaye, Felix Kuor, Collins Agyei Menka","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i4447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i4447","url":null,"abstract":"A field research was undertaken at the research site of the Mampong campus of the University of Education, Winneba, Ghana to evaluate the parents and progenies of seven maize varieties. The main objective of the study was to identify high-yielding landraces and hybrids of maize and the heritability of yield-related traits using diallel analysis. The seven maize varieties (parents) used were: Aburopa, Aburonenkatie, Aburohoma, Kamaazie red, Kamaazie yellow, Kamaazie light red and Obaatampa. These varieties were crossed using the complete diallel design to generate 49 progenies. The progenies and their parents were evaluated using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In general, Obaatampa and Kamaazie red performed best for the yield and traits. General Combining Abilities (GCA) and Specific Combining Abilities (SCA) were significant for yield and yield related traits suggesting the importance of both additive and non-additive genes in their inheritance. Maternal gene effect was found to control days to 50% silking, size of seeds, number of seeds per cob and number of husk. It is therefore important to include reciprocals of traits in study. Obaatampa, Aburopa and Aburonenkatie were the best general combiner for 100 seeds weight. High narrow sense heritability was observed for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, diameter of cob, length of cob, weight per cob, 100 seeds weight and size of seeds. The progeny Aburopa X Kamaazie light red recorded the highest SCA for 100 seeds weight followed by Kamaazie light red X Aburonenkatie.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121739497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i4446
Nur Ifadah Rohmah, H. Evanuarini, I. Thohari
Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the quality of chicken meatballs added with red lentil flour based on physicochemical quality, organoleptic quality, and microstructure. Sample: chicken meatballs using red lentil flour. Methodology: Laboratory experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel, and the standard deviation (SD) was taken, then an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed. If different, proceed with the DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). Research at the Laboratory of Animal Product Technology Faculty of Animal Science, the Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety Testing Faculty of Agricultural Product Technology, the Universitas Brawijaya Malang, and the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. February 2023. Research with four treatments consisting of without the addition of red lentil flour and the addition of red lentil flour 3%, 6%, and 9%. 5 replications. Results: Chicken meatballs added with red lentil flour fiber are the best chicken meatballs by producing chicken meatballs with fiber content and have a color that is not pale. The best treatment for chicken meatballs has a fat content of 9.18%, ash content of 2.68%, fiber content of 0.84%, pH 6.26, organoleptic (color 3.68) (taste 2.98) (texture 3.43), and microstructures of chicken meatballs have different shapes and dense. Conclusion: The best chicken meatballs are found by adding 9% red lentil flour (Lens culinaris L.) to produce, healthy chicken meatballs that contain fiber and have attractive colors. The best product assessment is based on meatball standards in Indonesia and can be accepted by consumers.
{"title":"Optimization Chicken Meatball Using Red Lentil Flour (Lens culinaris L.) as Filler","authors":"Nur Ifadah Rohmah, H. Evanuarini, I. Thohari","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i4446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i4446","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the quality of chicken meatballs added with red lentil flour based on physicochemical quality, organoleptic quality, and microstructure. Sample: chicken meatballs using red lentil flour. \u0000Methodology: Laboratory experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel, and the standard deviation (SD) was taken, then an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed. If different, proceed with the DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). Research at the Laboratory of Animal Product Technology Faculty of Animal Science, the Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety Testing Faculty of Agricultural Product Technology, the Universitas Brawijaya Malang, and the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. February 2023. Research with four treatments consisting of without the addition of red lentil flour and the addition of red lentil flour 3%, 6%, and 9%. 5 replications. \u0000Results: Chicken meatballs added with red lentil flour fiber are the best chicken meatballs by producing chicken meatballs with fiber content and have a color that is not pale. The best treatment for chicken meatballs has a fat content of 9.18%, ash content of 2.68%, fiber content of 0.84%, pH 6.26, organoleptic (color 3.68) (taste 2.98) (texture 3.43), and microstructures of chicken meatballs have different shapes and dense. \u0000Conclusion: The best chicken meatballs are found by adding 9% red lentil flour (Lens culinaris L.) to produce, healthy chicken meatballs that contain fiber and have attractive colors. The best product assessment is based on meatball standards in Indonesia and can be accepted by consumers.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127922837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i4444
P. Okoko, Samuel Nditoi Akpankpuk
The utilization of agricultural machinery represents the main aspect contributing to the total energy input in the agricultural system. The trials were achieved using five tractor speeds(3.6, 5.4, 7.2, 9.0 and 10.8 km/hr) and five tillage depths(10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm) to determine implement speed at different tillage depths for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow on a clay loam soil. The design of the experiment used were two factors, five levels factorial of Central Composite Rotatable Design of Response Surface Method. The implement speed for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow ranged from 0.78 to 1.95, 0.67 to 2.19 and 0.70 to 2.11 m/s, respectively. The effects of tillage depths and tractor speeds on implement speed for the three tillage implements were assessed. The results indicated that increasing the tillage depth decreased the implement speed for all the tested implements but increasing the tractor speed increased the implement speed. The tractor speed had more pronounced effect on the implement speed than the tillage depth. This study therefore recommends that the availability of time and implement width should be used in determining the speed required to finish the work on time.
{"title":"Effects of Tillage Depth and Tractor Speed on Implement Speed for Three Tillage Implements on a Clay Loam Soil","authors":"P. Okoko, Samuel Nditoi Akpankpuk","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i4444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i4444","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of agricultural machinery represents the main aspect contributing to the total energy input in the agricultural system. The trials were achieved using five tractor speeds(3.6, 5.4, 7.2, 9.0 and 10.8 km/hr) and five tillage depths(10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm) to determine implement speed at different tillage depths for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow on a clay loam soil. The design of the experiment used were two factors, five levels factorial of Central Composite Rotatable Design of Response Surface Method. The implement speed for 3-bottom disc plough, spring tine cultivator and offset disc harrow ranged from 0.78 to 1.95, 0.67 to 2.19 and 0.70 to 2.11 m/s, respectively. The effects of tillage depths and tractor speeds on implement speed for the three tillage implements were assessed. The results indicated that increasing the tillage depth decreased the implement speed for all the tested implements but increasing the tractor speed increased the implement speed. The tractor speed had more pronounced effect on the implement speed than the tillage depth. This study therefore recommends that the availability of time and implement width should be used in determining the speed required to finish the work on time.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126859200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-13DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3443
M. Dhiman, N. Rana, Arti Ghabru
Agriculture is an essential component to maintain the human health but due to sudden increase in population the demand has increased and to meet the requirement the use of chemical fertilizer has also increase. The continuous use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides degrade the quality and fertility of soil and also reduce the yield of various crops. The organic sources such as panchgavya, jeevamrit and Farm Yard Manure consists load of beneficial microorganisms that promote the plant growth, yield and promote natural resources. The present study was carried out by isolating the bacteria from organic sources (panchgavya, jeevamrit and FYM) because minute amount of bacterial culture is suffient to prepare large one according to need and can be stored for longer time as compare to organic input. The samples of panchgavya, jeevamrit and FYM were collected from different location of Himachal Pradesh. A total of 32 bacterial isolates from panchgavya, 43 from jeevamrit and 59 from FYM were isolated and screened for multiple plant growth promoting traits. Only 4 bacterial isolates from panchgavya, 2 from jeevamrit and 2 from FYM were preferred on the basis of maximum plant growth promoting traits like P-solubilization, Nitrogen fixer, Siderophore production, HCN production, IAA production and Antifungal activity. From the selected bacterial isolates 67.78% were P- solubilizers, 60.37% were Nitrogen fixer, 62.37% were Siderophore producer, 34.29% HCN producer, 45.88% IAA producer and 78.22% show antagonism against Pythium graminicolum and 74.81% show antagonism against Collectotrichum capsici. Hence these bacterial isolates have potential to act as biofertilizer for environment friendly sustainable agriculture systems and alternative to harmful chemicals.
{"title":"Isolation and Screening of Agriculturally Important Bacteria (PGPR) from Organic Sources of Nutrient (Panchgavya, Jeevamrit and Farm Yard Manure) for Future Use","authors":"M. Dhiman, N. Rana, Arti Ghabru","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3443","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is an essential component to maintain the human health but due to sudden increase in population the demand has increased and to meet the requirement the use of chemical fertilizer has also increase. The continuous use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides degrade the quality and fertility of soil and also reduce the yield of various crops. The organic sources such as panchgavya, jeevamrit and Farm Yard Manure consists load of beneficial microorganisms that promote the plant growth, yield and promote natural resources. The present study was carried out by isolating the bacteria from organic sources (panchgavya, jeevamrit and FYM) because minute amount of bacterial culture is suffient to prepare large one according to need and can be stored for longer time as compare to organic input. The samples of panchgavya, jeevamrit and FYM were collected from different location of Himachal Pradesh. A total of 32 bacterial isolates from panchgavya, 43 from jeevamrit and 59 from FYM were isolated and screened for multiple plant growth promoting traits. Only 4 bacterial isolates from panchgavya, 2 from jeevamrit and 2 from FYM were preferred on the basis of maximum plant growth promoting traits like P-solubilization, Nitrogen fixer, Siderophore production, HCN production, IAA production and Antifungal activity. From the selected bacterial isolates 67.78% were P- solubilizers, 60.37% were Nitrogen fixer, 62.37% were Siderophore producer, 34.29% HCN producer, 45.88% IAA producer and 78.22% show antagonism against Pythium graminicolum and 74.81% show antagonism against Collectotrichum capsici. Hence these bacterial isolates have potential to act as biofertilizer for environment friendly sustainable agriculture systems and alternative to harmful chemicals.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114987609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3442
S. Sooryalekshmi, H. Hadimani, B. Tamadaddi, A. R. Ghandhe
A field experiment was carried out using RBD design with 10 treatments and 3 replications at the main campus, UHS, Bagalkot. Sugar industry by-products such as incinerated ash, distillery sludge and distillery sludge ash were utilised in the experiment to examine their effect as potassium sources on growth and yield of cauliflower. These three distillery byproducts were applied as 100, 50 and 25 per cent as replacement for chemical potassium fertilizer (K2SO4). As a control, the final treatment was 100 per cent potassium sulphate. The N and P were supplied through urea and DAP respectively as per the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). . The higher contents of both primary and secondary nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) were observed in the treatment where 25 % of chemical fertilizer was replaced by incinerated ash. The content of these major nutrients and its uptake by the cauliflower plant was significantly higher with the treatment T4 (25% K through incinerated ash + 75% through K2SO4). Significantly higher curd yield (15.86 t ha-1) was associated with the treatment where 25 % of potassium supply was through incinerated ash.
{"title":"Effect of Indigenous Potash Sources on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)","authors":"S. Sooryalekshmi, H. Hadimani, B. Tamadaddi, A. R. Ghandhe","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3442","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out using RBD design with 10 treatments and 3 replications at the main campus, UHS, Bagalkot. Sugar industry by-products such as incinerated ash, distillery sludge and distillery sludge ash were utilised in the experiment to examine their effect as potassium sources on growth and yield of cauliflower. These three distillery byproducts were applied as 100, 50 and 25 per cent as replacement for chemical potassium fertilizer (K2SO4). As a control, the final treatment was 100 per cent potassium sulphate. The N and P were supplied through urea and DAP respectively as per the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). . The higher contents of both primary and secondary nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) were observed in the treatment where 25 % of chemical fertilizer was replaced by incinerated ash. The content of these major nutrients and its uptake by the cauliflower plant was significantly higher with the treatment T4 (25% K through incinerated ash + 75% through K2SO4). Significantly higher curd yield (15.86 t ha-1) was associated with the treatment where 25 % of potassium supply was through incinerated ash.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114526002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3440
Farheen Noor, A. S. Noel
Agricultural productivity and farmer perceptions plays crucial roles in shaping the future of sustainable farming practices. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of drone technology on paddy productivity, specifically focusing on pesticide spraying and explore the perception and attitude of farmers towards the usage of drones in agriculture. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 90 farmers. A mixed-method approach was taken to collect data through well-structured questionnaire, interview, field experiments and survey. Data was analyzed using garret ranking, correlation coefficient and Likert scale. The result shows that farmers find labor factors to be most crucial for adopting drones and problem of water scarcity could be easily overcome. As 60% of farming is depended on rainwater and since drones consume a mere 5-6liters of water, whereas conventional methods require over 100 liters of waters. Yield has increased to 6.25% and quality by 2.25%. Result shows moderate correlation coefficient of 0.6 between the factor influencing productivity of paddy before and after usage of drones.
{"title":"Perception of Farmers with Reference to Drones for Pesticides Spray at Kurukshetra District of Haryana, India","authors":"Farheen Noor, A. S. Noel","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3440","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural productivity and farmer perceptions plays crucial roles in shaping the future of sustainable farming practices. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of drone technology on paddy productivity, specifically focusing on pesticide spraying and explore the perception and attitude of farmers towards the usage of drones in agriculture. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 90 farmers. A mixed-method approach was taken to collect data through well-structured questionnaire, interview, field experiments and survey. Data was analyzed using garret ranking, correlation coefficient and Likert scale. The result shows that farmers find labor factors to be most crucial for adopting drones and problem of water scarcity could be easily overcome. As 60% of farming is depended on rainwater and since drones consume a mere 5-6liters of water, whereas conventional methods require over 100 liters of waters. Yield has increased to 6.25% and quality by 2.25%. Result shows moderate correlation coefficient of 0.6 between the factor influencing productivity of paddy before and after usage of drones.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134084653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3441
Dakole Daboy Charles, Bekono Mamdjara Larry Axel, Fonkoua Martin, Molemb Nemeté Aristide, D. Blaise, Nguefack Julienne, I. Somda
In Cameroon, tomato yields remain low due to attack by pathogens and insects. Phytophtora infestans (PI) is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for the downy mildew of tomatoes, a fungal disease responsible for enormous economic losses. To contribute to the search for means of control, the stimulatory effect of the tomato defence system by extracts of some plants was evaluated. Tomato plants were treated with the aqueous macerates of Callistemon citrinus (C. citrinus) and Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) at 10% (W/V). After 4 days of spraying with the macerates, plants were inoculated with a virulent strain of PI. Tomato leaves collected at 2-day intervals for 10 days were used to determine the contents of chlorophyll a, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proline. The activities of the main antioxidant enzymes were also assessed: Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL), Peroxidase (POX), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). The results showed that treatment of tomato plants with aqueous macerates of C. citrinus and C. citratus and their inoculation with PI induced an increase in chlorophyll a, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and proline contents in tomato leaves; an increase in APX, PAL, POX, and SOD activities. Our results suggested that increased metabolite synthesis on the one hand, and increased enzymatic activities, on the other hand, could mitigate the oxidative damage that occured during pathogen expansion. Aqueous macerates of C. citrinus and C. citratus could be used as natural products to stimulate the defence system in tomato against Phytophtora infestans.
{"title":"Differential Changes in Some Antioxidant Enzymes and Biomolecules in Leaves of Tomato Infected by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary","authors":"Dakole Daboy Charles, Bekono Mamdjara Larry Axel, Fonkoua Martin, Molemb Nemeté Aristide, D. Blaise, Nguefack Julienne, I. Somda","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3441","url":null,"abstract":"In Cameroon, tomato yields remain low due to attack by pathogens and insects. Phytophtora infestans (PI) is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for the downy mildew of tomatoes, a fungal disease responsible for enormous economic losses. To contribute to the search for means of control, the stimulatory effect of the tomato defence system by extracts of some plants was evaluated. Tomato plants were treated with the aqueous macerates of Callistemon citrinus (C. citrinus) and Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) at 10% (W/V). After 4 days of spraying with the macerates, plants were inoculated with a virulent strain of PI. Tomato leaves collected at 2-day intervals for 10 days were used to determine the contents of chlorophyll a, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proline. The activities of the main antioxidant enzymes were also assessed: Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL), Peroxidase (POX), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). The results showed that treatment of tomato plants with aqueous macerates of C. citrinus and C. citratus and their inoculation with PI induced an increase in chlorophyll a, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and proline contents in tomato leaves; an increase in APX, PAL, POX, and SOD activities. Our results suggested that increased metabolite synthesis on the one hand, and increased enzymatic activities, on the other hand, could mitigate the oxidative damage that occured during pathogen expansion. Aqueous macerates of C. citrinus and C. citratus could be used as natural products to stimulate the defence system in tomato against Phytophtora infestans.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114830812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3439
Avanish, Ashish S. Noel
The cultivation of mushrooms has gained significant attention as an alternative agricultural practice due to its high nutritional value, medicinal properties, and eco-friendly nature. However, the effective management of the supply chain in mushroom cultivation presents numerous challenges. This research paper aims to identify the constraints associated with the supply chain of mushroom cultivation and provide suggestions for their improvement.The study was conducted in 2023 (February – March) in the Raipur block of Dehradun. The data were collected via questionnaire and direct interview from 60 growers and 20 traders. Region was specifically chosen due to the significant presence of growers and traders. The reason behind this selection was the growers' shift towards mushroom cultivation as a result of untimely rains and crop damage. Mushroom cultivation offered a controlled indoor environment, mitigating the risks associated with unpredictable weather conditions. However, over time, both the growers and traders encountered challenges in the management aspects of cultivation, as well as post-harvesting. Grower perceived major constraints were Inadequate supply of spawn at appropriate time, Unfavourable climatic conditions, no cold storage facilities, poor marketing avenues and people regard mushroom as a non-veg food were ranked first. It is therefore recommended that constraints should be checked to maximize the production. To do that, extension agencies should take up skill-oriented training programmes and awareness programmes, cold storage facilities should be provided to accelerate the self-life.
{"title":"Constraints and Suggestions Regarding Supply Chain of Mushroom Cultivation in Dehradun District of Uttarakhand, India","authors":"Avanish, Ashish S. Noel","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i3439","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivation of mushrooms has gained significant attention as an alternative agricultural practice due to its high nutritional value, medicinal properties, and eco-friendly nature. However, the effective management of the supply chain in mushroom cultivation presents numerous challenges. This research paper aims to identify the constraints associated with the supply chain of mushroom cultivation and provide suggestions for their improvement.The study was conducted in 2023 (February – March) in the Raipur block of Dehradun. The data were collected via questionnaire and direct interview from 60 growers and 20 traders. Region was specifically chosen due to the significant presence of growers and traders. The reason behind this selection was the growers' shift towards mushroom cultivation as a result of untimely rains and crop damage. Mushroom cultivation offered a controlled indoor environment, mitigating the risks associated with unpredictable weather conditions. However, over time, both the growers and traders encountered challenges in the management aspects of cultivation, as well as post-harvesting. Grower perceived major constraints were Inadequate supply of spawn at appropriate time, Unfavourable climatic conditions, no cold storage facilities, poor marketing avenues and people regard mushroom as a non-veg food were ranked first. It is therefore recommended that constraints should be checked to maximize the production. To do that, extension agencies should take up skill-oriented training programmes and awareness programmes, cold storage facilities should be provided to accelerate the self-life.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134110811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i2438
K. A. Abdu-Raheem, A. O. Adekunmi, F. Oluwatusin
The study examined the factors influencing the accessibility of the Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP) Fund among Rice Farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Specifically, it describes the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, assesses the operation of ABP, and identifies some constraints encountered by the rice farmers in accessing the ABP fund. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation. In contrast, binary logistic regression was used to determine the socio-economic factors influencing the accessibility of ABP funds among rice farmers. The findings revealed that the mean age of the rice farmers was 43.4 years with male rice farmers (58.3%) forming the majority. About 60 per cent were married, with a mean household size of approximately five persons. The majority (88.3%) had formal education, and the mean year of farm experience was 17.5 years. Some of the operations of the ABP are the supply of inputs like seedlings as submitted by 81.7 per cent of the respondents and credit source from ABP by all (100%). The majority (74.2%) sold their products personally. The result of the binary logistic regression model shows that sex, marital status, household size, years of formal education, farming experience membership of social organization and annual income had a positive and significant relationship with the accessibility of ABP funds. The primary constraints encountered by the rice farmers were poor access to credit, poor quality equipment, poor service and poor administration of the program. It was recommended that Government should provide incentive measures to the rice farmers that will reduce the effect of dwindling market prices of agricultural commodities, especially Rice.
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Accessibility of Anchor Borrower's Programme Fund among Rice Farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"K. A. Abdu-Raheem, A. O. Adekunmi, F. Oluwatusin","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i2438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i2438","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the factors influencing the accessibility of the Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP) Fund among Rice Farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Specifically, it describes the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, assesses the operation of ABP, and identifies some constraints encountered by the rice farmers in accessing the ABP fund. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation. In contrast, binary logistic regression was used to determine the socio-economic factors influencing the accessibility of ABP funds among rice farmers. The findings revealed that the mean age of the rice farmers was 43.4 years with male rice farmers (58.3%) forming the majority. About 60 per cent were married, with a mean household size of approximately five persons. The majority (88.3%) had formal education, and the mean year of farm experience was 17.5 years. Some of the operations of the ABP are the supply of inputs like seedlings as submitted by 81.7 per cent of the respondents and credit source from ABP by all (100%). The majority (74.2%) sold their products personally. The result of the binary logistic regression model shows that sex, marital status, household size, years of formal education, farming experience membership of social organization and annual income had a positive and significant relationship with the accessibility of ABP funds. The primary constraints encountered by the rice farmers were poor access to credit, poor quality equipment, poor service and poor administration of the program. It was recommended that Government should provide incentive measures to the rice farmers that will reduce the effect of dwindling market prices of agricultural commodities, especially Rice.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121230708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i2437
Mst. Nusrat Jahan, M. Islam, Roksana Aftab, M. Hasan
Aims: To evaluate the impacts of salinity on some physiological traits of potato cultivars under in Vitro conditions. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design using two factors. Place and Duration of Study: The Genetics and Plant Breeding Department, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University from October 2019 to January 2021. Methodology: Ten varieties; eight were collected from Tuber Crops Research Centre (TCRC), Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, and two from Sylhet were used. The varieties were BARI 29 (V1), Pechar Chokh (V2), BARI 72 (V3), Lal Shila (V4), BARI 53 (V5), BARI 25 (V6), BARI 28 (V7) and BARI 36 (V8), BARI 7 (V9) and BARI 73 (V10). Four salinity treatments including T1 (control), T2 (5 dS/m), T3 (10 dS/m), and T4 (15 dS/m) were applied to the varieties. Results: Varieties and salinity treatment were influenced individually in the interaction with the physiological traits of potatoes.V8 showed higher chlorophyll content (63.892%) while a minimum of 27.5% was recorded in V5. The chlorophyll content of potato varieties was increased at the lower level of salinity (T0). The accumulation of proline was observed in all varieties and treatments; however, the V7 cultivar (14.02 µmol-1FW) and T4 salinity treatment had higher accumulation. In response to salinity, the content of Na+ of potato plants rose at 0.26% in T4 while the decreasing trend was found in K+ due to salinity stress. Moreover, the highest Na+ content (0.20%) was found in V7 whereas the highest value of K+ content (0.20 %) was reported in the V4 variety. Conclusion: From the experiment, it has been found that BARI Alu-72(V3) performed well under 5 dS/m salinity level and 10 dS/m level because better yields were obtained from these varieties. So V3 variety is recommended for mild to moderate saline-prone areas in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Screening of Solanum tuberosum Cultivars Salt Tolerences In vitro Condition","authors":"Mst. Nusrat Jahan, M. Islam, Roksana Aftab, M. Hasan","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i2437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v22i2437","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To evaluate the impacts of salinity on some physiological traits of potato cultivars under in Vitro conditions. \u0000Study Design: Completely Randomized Design using two factors. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The Genetics and Plant Breeding Department, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University from October 2019 to January 2021. \u0000Methodology: Ten varieties; eight were collected from Tuber Crops Research Centre (TCRC), Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, and two from Sylhet were used. The varieties were BARI 29 (V1), Pechar Chokh (V2), BARI 72 (V3), Lal Shila (V4), BARI 53 (V5), BARI 25 (V6), BARI 28 (V7) and BARI 36 (V8), BARI 7 (V9) and BARI 73 (V10). Four salinity treatments including T1 (control), T2 (5 dS/m), T3 (10 dS/m), and T4 (15 dS/m) were applied to the varieties. \u0000Results: Varieties and salinity treatment were influenced individually in the interaction with the physiological traits of potatoes.V8 showed higher chlorophyll content (63.892%) while a minimum of 27.5% was recorded in V5. The chlorophyll content of potato varieties was increased at the lower level of salinity (T0). The accumulation of proline was observed in all varieties and treatments; however, the V7 cultivar (14.02 µmol-1FW) and T4 salinity treatment had higher accumulation. In response to salinity, the content of Na+ of potato plants rose at 0.26% in T4 while the decreasing trend was found in K+ due to salinity stress. Moreover, the highest Na+ content (0.20%) was found in V7 whereas the highest value of K+ content (0.20 %) was reported in the V4 variety. \u0000Conclusion: From the experiment, it has been found that BARI Alu-72(V3) performed well under 5 dS/m salinity level and 10 dS/m level because better yields were obtained from these varieties. So V3 variety is recommended for mild to moderate saline-prone areas in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128608671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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