Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i5503
D. Kibirige, Ajay S. Singh, S. Dlamini, Delsile D. Dlamini, N. Mavimbela
Purpose: Promoting small-scale farmers’ market participation is perceived to be a motivation of transforming peasantry subsistence farming to commercialization for improved rural livelihoods especially in developing countries like Eswatini. Despite efforts by the government and other stakeholders the transformation process is too slow or stagnant mostly on non-traditional export food commodities including common beans in Eswatini. The drivers of small-scale common bean farmers ‘market participation and level of market participation in Eswatini are not known, hence this study. Objectives: The main objective of the present study is to find out the determinants of market participation among the smallholder common beans farmers in Eswatini. Research Methods: This study used secondary data accessed from Eswatini Agricultural Development Enterprise (ESWADE) under the Smallholder Market Lead Project was used. The data was cleaned and a total of 164 common bean farmers were considered for this study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Heckman two-stage selection model. Findings: The results generated indicate that most respondents were females (63%). The results further show that there is a significant difference of 1.396 in the number of family size helping in farming between participant and non-participants. About 84.8% of the farmers depend on rain to water their beans. Gender, knowing size of land, method of watering and household farm labour size were found to be the determinants of common bean farmer’s choice and intensity of participation in the market. Recommendation: It is recommended that farmers should consider irrigating their crops, participate fully in farming activities and know their size of land because these factors has been proven to increase the intensity of market participation of bean farmers and the government should take initiative to provide more extension officers to conduct effective training and incentives that will encourage the middle age group to participate in sugar bean farming. Originality/ Value: This paper highlights the determinants of market participation among the smallholder common beans farmers in Eswatini as well as establishes the socio-economic characteristics of the small scale common bean farmers.
{"title":"Determinants of Market Participation among Smallholder Common Bean Farmers in Eswatini (Former Swaziland)","authors":"D. Kibirige, Ajay S. Singh, S. Dlamini, Delsile D. Dlamini, N. Mavimbela","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i5503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i5503","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Promoting small-scale farmers’ market participation is perceived to be a motivation of transforming peasantry subsistence farming to commercialization for improved rural livelihoods especially in developing countries like Eswatini. Despite efforts by the government and other stakeholders the transformation process is too slow or stagnant mostly on non-traditional export food commodities including common beans in Eswatini. The drivers of small-scale common bean farmers ‘market participation and level of market participation in Eswatini are not known, hence this study.\u0000Objectives: The main objective of the present study is to find out the determinants of market participation among the smallholder common beans farmers in Eswatini.\u0000Research Methods: This study used secondary data accessed from Eswatini Agricultural Development Enterprise (ESWADE) under the Smallholder Market Lead Project was used. The data was cleaned and a total of 164 common bean farmers were considered for this study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Heckman two-stage selection model.\u0000Findings: The results generated indicate that most respondents were females (63%). The results further show that there is a significant difference of 1.396 in the number of family size helping in farming between participant and non-participants. About 84.8% of the farmers depend on rain to water their beans. Gender, knowing size of land, method of watering and household farm labour size were found to be the determinants of common bean farmer’s choice and intensity of participation in the market.\u0000Recommendation: It is recommended that farmers should consider irrigating their crops, participate fully in farming activities and know their size of land because these factors has been proven to increase the intensity of market participation of bean farmers and the government should take initiative to provide more extension officers to conduct effective training and incentives that will encourage the middle age group to participate in sugar bean farming.\u0000Originality/ Value: This paper highlights the determinants of market participation among the smallholder common beans farmers in Eswatini as well as establishes the socio-economic characteristics of the small scale common bean farmers.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i5502
Rusli Anwar, Arief Rahman
This study examines the impact of rainfall on oil palm growth and productivity in the Berau region of East Borneo, Indonesia. The research utilized qualitative and quantitative field studies, employing correlation and regression analysis. The study focused on the oil palm plantation area as its subject. Data was collected from a plantation in the Berau region of East Borneo. The plantation has homogeneous plant age (same planting year, 2009) and homogeneous progeny (Scofindo variety) and is included in the company's core plantation. The observation parameters included rainfall, rainy days, fresh fruit bunches, and plant productivity. It was found that rainfall and rainy days have an impact on oil palm productivity. The regression results indicate a positive correlation between rainfall and oil palm productivity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.025109171. However, rainy days have a negative effect on oil palm productivity, with a correlation coefficient of -0.036778304, despite being positively correlated with rainfall. The correlation coefficient of 0.768386269 indicates a direct impact on reducing oil palm productivity. Rainfall indirectly affects oil palm productivity by influencing temperature, humidity, intensity, and length of daily irradiation. These factors directly affect the productivity of oil palm plants.
{"title":"The Impact of Rainfall on Oil Palm Production: A Case Study in Berau Regency, East Borneo, Indonesia","authors":"Rusli Anwar, Arief Rahman","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i5502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i5502","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of rainfall on oil palm growth and productivity in the Berau region of East Borneo, Indonesia. The research utilized qualitative and quantitative field studies, employing correlation and regression analysis. The study focused on the oil palm plantation area as its subject. Data was collected from a plantation in the Berau region of East Borneo. The plantation has homogeneous plant age (same planting year, 2009) and homogeneous progeny (Scofindo variety) and is included in the company's core plantation. The observation parameters included rainfall, rainy days, fresh fruit bunches, and plant productivity. It was found that rainfall and rainy days have an impact on oil palm productivity. The regression results indicate a positive correlation between rainfall and oil palm productivity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.025109171. However, rainy days have a negative effect on oil palm productivity, with a correlation coefficient of -0.036778304, despite being positively correlated with rainfall. The correlation coefficient of 0.768386269 indicates a direct impact on reducing oil palm productivity. Rainfall indirectly affects oil palm productivity by influencing temperature, humidity, intensity, and length of daily irradiation. These factors directly affect the productivity of oil palm plants.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"106 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i4501
Babatunde, M.A., Ojediran, J.O., Okekunle, P.O.
High cost of irrigation pumping by use of fossil fuel has negatively impacted irrigation efficiency on the Middle Ogun Irrigation scheme. Efficient irrigation pumping would improve agricultural productivity and food production on the irrigation scheme. Many attempts have been made by stakeholders to seek alternative energy sources for powering irrigation pumping. This study aimed at the design and retrofitting of the irrigation water pumping system on the Middle Ogun Irrigation scheme using hydrokinetic technology. Hydrological modelling of the catchment was carried out using MapWindow Soil and Water Assessment Tool to determine the annual gross and recoverable hydrokinetic potential of the water resource from the river. A Savonius hydrokinetic turbine system was developed and tested on the river. The mean voltage output at selected streamflow depths were determined to derive a power curve. Results showed that retrofitting the irrigation pumping system with an array of twenty units (20) of selected submersible irrigation pumps powered by twenty-two (22) units of an array of Savonius hydrokinetic turbines would satisfactorily deliver irrigation water into night storage and irrigate the pilot field of 100 ha of farmland on plot 2 and 5 on the scheme.
{"title":"Design and Retrofitting of Irrigation Pumping System for the Middle Ogun Irrigation Project Using Hydrokinetic Technology","authors":"Babatunde, M.A., Ojediran, J.O., Okekunle, P.O.","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i4501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i4501","url":null,"abstract":"High cost of irrigation pumping by use of fossil fuel has negatively impacted irrigation efficiency on the Middle Ogun Irrigation scheme. Efficient irrigation pumping would improve agricultural productivity and food production on the irrigation scheme. Many attempts have been made by stakeholders to seek alternative energy sources for powering irrigation pumping. This study aimed at the design and retrofitting of the irrigation water pumping system on the Middle Ogun Irrigation scheme using hydrokinetic technology. Hydrological modelling of the catchment was carried out using MapWindow Soil and Water Assessment Tool to determine the annual gross and recoverable hydrokinetic potential of the water resource from the river. A Savonius hydrokinetic turbine system was developed and tested on the river. The mean voltage output at selected streamflow depths were determined to derive a power curve. Results showed that retrofitting the irrigation pumping system with an array of twenty units (20) of selected submersible irrigation pumps powered by twenty-two (22) units of an array of Savonius hydrokinetic turbines would satisfactorily deliver irrigation water into night storage and irrigate the pilot field of 100 ha of farmland on plot 2 and 5 on the scheme.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i4499
Sally E. El-Wakeel, Mohamed Mansour, Ashgan M. Abd El-Azeem, Sahar A. Ebrahim, T. Noreldin
A field experiment was conducted at the north western coast of Egypt under rainfed conditions to study the effects of seed rates (70, 95 and 120 kg ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer treatments (0, 35, 70 and 105 kg N ha-1) of Ensiabeen-40% N as slow-release fertilizer compared with 105 kg N ha-1 as Ammonium nitrate (33.5%N) on productivity of barley cultivar Giza134. This investigation was conducted during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 winter growing seasons. The treatments were laid out in a split plot design, with three replications. Plant height, spike length, number of grins spike-1, number of spikes per m2, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yield were recorded. In addition, total income and net return (LE)/hactare were calculated. The results indicated that mean squares due to seasons, seed rates, nitrogen levels and their interactions were significant for most studied traits. Mean performance of the studied traits as affected by seasons, seed rates and nitrogen levels showed that, the most desirable values were obtained by SR1 for spike length (6.13cm), number of grains spike-1 (48.78 grain) and 1000 grain weight (42.15g), from SR2 for Biological yield (6.02 ton ha-1) and grain yield (1.85 ton ha-1) and from SR3 for plant height (78.28cm) and number of spikes m-2 (180.11 spike). For nitrogen level effects, N4 recorded the most favorable values for all studied traits; plant height (81.48cm), spike length (6.33cm), number of grains spike-1 (49.99 grain), number of spikes m-2 (187.60 spike), Biological yield (6.88 ton ha-1), grain yield (2.12 ton ha-1) and 1000 grain weight (42.89g). Grain yield exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with each of plant height (r= 0.833**), spike length(r=0.621**), number of grains spike-1 (r=0.768**), number of spikes m-2(r=0.880**) and weight of 1000 grains (r= 0.661**). The most contributing variable in the total variation of grain yield were number of spikes m-2, number of grains spike-1 and spike length. These variables contributed by 92.9% in the grain yield variation. The results also indicated that, the highest values in the total income were 19149 and 24990 pound.hec-1 respectively, and net return were 9492 and 15498 pound.hec-1 obtained from the interaction between seed rate of 5kg ha-1 (SR2) and 105 unit of slow release fertilizer (N4) during the two growing seasons. It could recommend this treatment to maximize the total income for the farmers in such location.
{"title":"Field and Economic Evaluation of Barley Productivity as Affected by Seed Rates and Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels under Rainfed Conditions","authors":"Sally E. El-Wakeel, Mohamed Mansour, Ashgan M. Abd El-Azeem, Sahar A. Ebrahim, T. Noreldin","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i4499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i4499","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at the north western coast of Egypt under rainfed conditions to study the effects of seed rates (70, 95 and 120 kg ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer treatments (0, 35, 70 and 105 kg N ha-1) of Ensiabeen-40% N as slow-release fertilizer compared with 105 kg N ha-1 as Ammonium nitrate (33.5%N) on productivity of barley cultivar Giza134. This investigation was conducted during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 winter growing seasons. The treatments were laid out in a split plot design, with three replications. Plant height, spike length, number of grins spike-1, number of spikes per m2, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yield were recorded. In addition, total income and net return (LE)/hactare were calculated. The results indicated that mean squares due to seasons, seed rates, nitrogen levels and their interactions were significant for most studied traits. Mean performance of the studied traits as affected by seasons, seed rates and nitrogen levels showed that, the most desirable values were obtained by SR1 for spike length (6.13cm), number of grains spike-1 (48.78 grain) and 1000 grain weight (42.15g), from SR2 for Biological yield (6.02 ton ha-1) and grain yield (1.85 ton ha-1) and from SR3 for plant height (78.28cm) and number of spikes m-2 (180.11 spike). For nitrogen level effects, N4 recorded the most favorable values for all studied traits; plant height (81.48cm), spike length (6.33cm), number of grains spike-1 (49.99 grain), number of spikes m-2 (187.60 spike), Biological yield (6.88 ton ha-1), grain yield (2.12 ton ha-1) and 1000 grain weight (42.89g). Grain yield exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with each of plant height (r= 0.833**), spike length(r=0.621**), number of grains spike-1 (r=0.768**), number of spikes m-2(r=0.880**) and weight of 1000 grains (r= 0.661**). The most contributing variable in the total variation of grain yield were number of spikes m-2, number of grains spike-1 and spike length. These variables contributed by 92.9% in the grain yield variation. The results also indicated that, the highest values in the total income were 19149 and 24990 pound.hec-1 respectively, and net return were 9492 and 15498 pound.hec-1 obtained from the interaction between seed rate of 5kg ha-1 (SR2) and 105 unit of slow release fertilizer (N4) during the two growing seasons. It could recommend this treatment to maximize the total income for the farmers in such location.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dairy industry must adhere to stringent international standards due to the growing demand for healthy, high-quality, and affordable dairy products worldwide. To ensure the quality of raw milk, key markers such as Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Count (BMSCC) and Total Bacterial Count (BMTBC) have become standard benchmarks. However, mastitis, the most common disease affecting dairy cows, poses a significant risk to both animal welfare and the long-term sustainability of the dairy sector. Mastitis leads to reduced milk production, increased treatment costs, milk withholding during treatment, higher labor requirements, and premature culling of affected cows. In India alone, mastitis costs the dairy industry 2.37 billion rupees annually, with subclinical mastitis accounting for approximately 70% of this loss. While contagious infections have been effectively controlled, environmental mastitis pathogens such as Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp now pose the primary concern for mastitis control. The management of cow bedding materials is crucial as they serve as a significant source of exposure to these environmental infections. This review study provides a detailed discussion of environmental mastitis pathogen control, emphasizing the critical role of bedding materials in reducing the risk of exposure to these pathogens.
{"title":"Strategies for Preventing Environmental Mastitis in Dairy Farming: A Review","authors":"Sahu Chinmayee, Misra Arun Kumar, Mohanty Tushar Kumar, Chopra Deepak","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i4498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i4498","url":null,"abstract":"The dairy industry must adhere to stringent international standards due to the growing demand for healthy, high-quality, and affordable dairy products worldwide. To ensure the quality of raw milk, key markers such as Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Count (BMSCC) and Total Bacterial Count (BMTBC) have become standard benchmarks. However, mastitis, the most common disease affecting dairy cows, poses a significant risk to both animal welfare and the long-term sustainability of the dairy sector. Mastitis leads to reduced milk production, increased treatment costs, milk withholding during treatment, higher labor requirements, and premature culling of affected cows. In India alone, mastitis costs the dairy industry 2.37 billion rupees annually, with subclinical mastitis accounting for approximately 70% of this loss. While contagious infections have been effectively controlled, environmental mastitis pathogens such as Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp now pose the primary concern for mastitis control. The management of cow bedding materials is crucial as they serve as a significant source of exposure to these environmental infections. This review study provides a detailed discussion of environmental mastitis pathogen control, emphasizing the critical role of bedding materials in reducing the risk of exposure to these pathogens.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"30 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i4497
Madhwendra Kumar Pathak, R. Srivastava, Mukesh Kumar Singh
There is great pressure on wheat, a crucial staple crop of global importance due to issues such as climate change, rising population numbers, and both microorganismic (biotic) and mineral (abiotic) stress. Heterosis can be employed in developing superior characters in hybrid wheat resulting from crosses between highly divergent parents. However, hybrid wheat has been beset with problems such as self-pollination, low heterosis, prohibitive production cost, and small scale of consumer acceptance. It explores how hybrid wheats are produced such as chemical hybridising agents, cytoplasmic male sterility and genomic selection. This aspect entails difficulties and complexity associated with hybrid wheat production such as hybrid incompatibility, unstable genetics, diverse heterotic families and requirement for genomic prediction of hybrid vigour. Hybrid wheat’s lag of adoption in India is discussed with a special view put on particular problems associated with that country alone. Nevertheless, there are still some issues associated with heterotic grouping and sterility systems specific for the Indian situation. Nevertheless, significant efforts, including the hybrid network of ICAR or transgenic methods, give hope to future. Finally, it should be noted that although hybrid wheat appears to have a great promise of high yield and good grain quality, bio-genetic limitations must be sorted first. Addressing these hurdles is essential if hybrid wheat is expected to increase food security and improve nutrition amid dwindling water resources due to growing populations worldwide.
{"title":"Roadblocks to Hybrid Wheat Seed Production: An Analysis of Constraints","authors":"Madhwendra Kumar Pathak, R. Srivastava, Mukesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i4497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i4497","url":null,"abstract":"There is great pressure on wheat, a crucial staple crop of global importance due to issues such as climate change, rising population numbers, and both microorganismic (biotic) and mineral (abiotic) stress. Heterosis can be employed in developing superior characters in hybrid wheat resulting from crosses between highly divergent parents. However, hybrid wheat has been beset with problems such as self-pollination, low heterosis, prohibitive production cost, and small scale of consumer acceptance. It explores how hybrid wheats are produced such as chemical hybridising agents, cytoplasmic male sterility and genomic selection. This aspect entails difficulties and complexity associated with hybrid wheat production such as hybrid incompatibility, unstable genetics, diverse heterotic families and requirement for genomic prediction of hybrid vigour. Hybrid wheat’s lag of adoption in India is discussed with a special view put on particular problems associated with that country alone. Nevertheless, there are still some issues associated with heterotic grouping and sterility systems specific for the Indian situation. Nevertheless, significant efforts, including the hybrid network of ICAR or transgenic methods, give hope to future. Finally, it should be noted that although hybrid wheat appears to have a great promise of high yield and good grain quality, bio-genetic limitations must be sorted first. Addressing these hurdles is essential if hybrid wheat is expected to increase food security and improve nutrition amid dwindling water resources due to growing populations worldwide.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"106 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3496
Zuhdi Yahya
This inquire about investigates the ways that these desires are playing out within the oil palm plantation in East Kalimantan. Oil palm plantation are East Kalimantan's breakthrough to extend community economic development whereas diminishing the region’s reliance on natural resources. This investigate employments a qualitative descriptive analysis method from primary data gotten through literature studies and focus group discussions. We discover that oil palm plantation postures genuine deforestation challenges to the concept of green development, as 44% of arrive apportioned for plantations is still forested. At the same time, there may be openings to dodge deforestation and seek after more feasible oil palm improvment pathways, as 87% of concessions have however to be planted. The improvement of oil palm plantations is supported by few government regulations, in spite of the fact that their usage within the districts makes different impediments.
{"title":"The Dynamics of Oil Palm Plantations in East Kalimantan: A Case Study of 2010-2020","authors":"Zuhdi Yahya","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3496","url":null,"abstract":"This inquire about investigates the ways that these desires are playing out within the oil palm plantation in East Kalimantan. Oil palm plantation are East Kalimantan's breakthrough to extend community economic development whereas diminishing the region’s reliance on natural resources. This investigate employments a qualitative descriptive analysis method from primary data gotten through literature studies and focus group discussions. We discover that oil palm plantation postures genuine deforestation challenges to the concept of green development, as 44% of arrive apportioned for plantations is still forested. At the same time, there may be openings to dodge deforestation and seek after more feasible oil palm improvment pathways, as 87% of concessions have however to be planted. The improvement of oil palm plantations is supported by few government regulations, in spite of the fact that their usage within the districts makes different impediments.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"44 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3495
Barnabas Omolere Malumi, Tawakalitu Abiola Dolapo, Olumuyiwa Idowu Ojo
Termites are social insects and the mounds they develop are considered to be a waste. They fed on agricultural products and wooden structures and hence, they are considered to be destructive. The resultant mound soil is an agricultural soil which is rich in nutrients, but its usefulness in agriculture and construction industry had not been explored. Thus, the study evaluated the Growth and yields performance of maize raised on termite mound and surrounding soils in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Maize was cultivated on the termite and surrounding soils as well as on their 50-50% mixture by weight and the data of the yields of maize was subjected to statistical analysis using T test at 95% confidence level. The yields of maize cobs per stands for termite mound soil in plots 1, 4, 7 were 1,2,1; for the surrounding soil in plots 3,6,9 are 1,1,1 and for the mixture of the surrounding; and the termite mound soil were 3,2,2. The yields of maize cultivated on plots 1, 4, 7 (TMS); 2, 5, 8 (TMS+SRS); 3, 6, 9 (SRS) using t-distribution table were O.75
{"title":"Growth and Yields Performance Evaluation of Maize Raised on Termite Mound and Surrounding Soils","authors":"Barnabas Omolere Malumi, Tawakalitu Abiola Dolapo, Olumuyiwa Idowu Ojo","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3495","url":null,"abstract":"Termites are social insects and the mounds they develop are considered to be a waste. They fed on agricultural products and wooden structures and hence, they are considered to be destructive. The resultant mound soil is an agricultural soil which is rich in nutrients, but its usefulness in agriculture and construction industry had not been explored. Thus, the study evaluated the Growth and yields performance of maize raised on termite mound and surrounding soils in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Maize was cultivated on the termite and surrounding soils as well as on their 50-50% mixture by weight and the data of the yields of maize was subjected to statistical analysis using T test at 95% confidence level. The yields of maize cobs per stands for termite mound soil in plots 1, 4, 7 were 1,2,1; for the surrounding soil in plots 3,6,9 are 1,1,1 and for the mixture of the surrounding; and the termite mound soil were 3,2,2. The yields of maize cultivated on plots 1, 4, 7 (TMS); 2, 5, 8 (TMS+SRS); 3, 6, 9 (SRS) using t-distribution table were O.75<u<l .87 or l.31±O.56; l.68<u<2.92 or 2.30±0.62; 0.75<u<l.25 or 1.00±0.25. Mound soil had high nutrient content and high shear strength, thus it can be used for soil amendment. The findings from the study added to the knowledge database on soil fertility and can be adopted for similar work in any part of the country.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-09DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3494
Sanusi, B. A., Jekayinfa, S. O., Ibrahim, S. O., Akande, F. B., Ola, F. A.
The study investigates the energy use pattern and economic analysis of fluted pumpkin production in tillage methods (traditional, reduced-conventional and conventional). Human power, machinery, diesel fuel, fertilizers, seed and pesticides energy inputs were used during the cultivation of fluted pumpkin. Input and output energy analysis method was used to estimate the input and output energy in each of the tillage methods during the production of fluted pumpkin. The energy indices of fluted pumpkin production determined were; energy efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy, net energy and energy efficiency index. The economic analysis of fluted pumpkin production in terms of total cost of production, gross monetary return, net monetary return and cost benefit ratio for the three tillage methods used were determined. The total energy required per hectare in traditional, reduced-conventional and conventional tillage methods were 6899.90, 9206.16 and 10176.84 MJ/ha, while the output energy were found to be 8912.48, 12297.8 and 12297.8 MJ/ha, respectively. The energy efficiency, energy productivity and net energy gain of 3.97, 1.50 and 1.20; 0.76, 0.86 and 0.71 MJ/kg; 1.32, 1.20 and 1.40 MJ/ha, respectively were estimated while energy efficiency index were found to be 27, 47 and 20% for traditional, reduced-conventional and conventional tillage methods, respectively. The highest net monetary return and cost benefit ratio of ₦382,000.00k and 3.05 were estimated for reduced-conventional, ₦351, 600.00 k and 2.31 for conventional tillage, while the least values of ₦220, 000.00 k and 2.11 were recorded for traditional tillage method. The result revealed that reduced-conventional tillage was better than both traditional and conventional tillage methods in terms of energy productivity, net energy gain and energy efficiency index. Economically, production of fluted pumpkin under reduced-conventional tillage shows the highest net monetary return and cost benefit ratio compared to the other two tillage methods considered.
{"title":"Energy Use Pattern and Economic Analysis of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) Production in Tillage Methods","authors":"Sanusi, B. A., Jekayinfa, S. O., Ibrahim, S. O., Akande, F. B., Ola, F. A.","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3494","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates the energy use pattern and economic analysis of fluted pumpkin production in tillage methods (traditional, reduced-conventional and conventional). Human power, machinery, diesel fuel, fertilizers, seed and pesticides energy inputs were used during the cultivation of fluted pumpkin. Input and output energy analysis method was used to estimate the input and output energy in each of the tillage methods during the production of fluted pumpkin. The energy indices of fluted pumpkin production determined were; energy efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy, net energy and energy efficiency index. The economic analysis of fluted pumpkin production in terms of total cost of production, gross monetary return, net monetary return and cost benefit ratio for the three tillage methods used were determined. The total energy required per hectare in traditional, reduced-conventional and conventional tillage methods were 6899.90, 9206.16 and 10176.84 MJ/ha, while the output energy were found to be 8912.48, 12297.8 and 12297.8 MJ/ha, respectively. The energy efficiency, energy productivity and net energy gain of 3.97, 1.50 and 1.20; 0.76, 0.86 and 0.71 MJ/kg; 1.32, 1.20 and 1.40 MJ/ha, respectively were estimated while energy efficiency index were found to be 27, 47 and 20% for traditional, reduced-conventional and conventional tillage methods, respectively. The highest net monetary return and cost benefit ratio of ₦382,000.00k and 3.05 were estimated for reduced-conventional, ₦351, 600.00 k and 2.31 for conventional tillage, while the least values of ₦220, 000.00 k and 2.11 were recorded for traditional tillage method. The result revealed that reduced-conventional tillage was better than both traditional and conventional tillage methods in terms of energy productivity, net energy gain and energy efficiency index. Economically, production of fluted pumpkin under reduced-conventional tillage shows the highest net monetary return and cost benefit ratio compared to the other two tillage methods considered.","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"256 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3493
R. Sudhagar, C. C. Fernandaz, S. Vennila, S. Manivasakan, Th. S. Robin
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of NPK on the performance of Thespesia populnea. A total of 17 treatments consisted of four levels of Nitrogen (50, 75, 100 and 125 g N plant-1), two levels each of Phosphorus (50 and 75 g P plant-1), and Potassium (25 and 50 g K plant-1) were tried in RBD replicated three times, to standardize the fertilizer schedule for the tree crop taken for investigation. The experimental soil was red sandy loam, non-calcareous, neutral in reaction, low in available nitrogen, phosphorus and medium in available potassium with low organic carbon content. Ecophysiological parameters viz., photosynthestic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and Intercellular CO2 concentration (CINT). Growth attributes were influenced by N, P and K at different levels. Among the various treatments application of 100 : 75 : 50 g NPK plant-1 (T12) significantly influenced the growth attributes followed by 100 : 75 : 25 g NPK plant-1 (T11).
我们进行了一项田间试验，以研究不同水平的氮磷钾对白花蛇舌草生长性能的影响。共进行了 17 个处理，包括 4 个氮肥水平（50、75、100 和 125 g N plant-1）、2 个磷肥水平（50 和 75 g P plant-1）和 1 个钾肥水平（25 和 50 g K plant-1），RBD 重复 3 次，以统一调查作物的施肥计划。实验土壤为红色砂质壤土，不含石灰质，呈中性反应，可利用氮、磷含量低，可利用钾含量中等，有机碳含量低。生态生理参数，即光合速率（A）、蒸腾速率（E）、气孔导度（gs）和细胞间二氧化碳浓度（CINT）。不同水平的氮、磷和钾对生长属性均有影响。在各种处理中，施用 100 : 75 : 50 g NPK plant-1 （T12）对生长属性有显著影响，其次是 100 : 75 : 25 g NPK plant-1 （T11）。
{"title":"Impact of NPK on the Ecophysiological Attributes of Thespesia populnea","authors":"R. Sudhagar, C. C. Fernandaz, S. Vennila, S. Manivasakan, Th. S. Robin","doi":"10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i3493","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of NPK on the performance of Thespesia populnea. A total of 17 treatments consisted of four levels of Nitrogen (50, 75, 100 and 125 g N plant-1), two levels each of Phosphorus (50 and 75 g P plant-1), and Potassium (25 and 50 g K plant-1) were tried in RBD replicated three times, to standardize the fertilizer schedule for the tree crop taken for investigation. The experimental soil was red sandy loam, non-calcareous, neutral in reaction, low in available nitrogen, phosphorus and medium in available potassium with low organic carbon content. Ecophysiological parameters viz., photosynthestic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and Intercellular CO2 concentration (CINT). Growth attributes were influenced by N, P and K at different levels. Among the various treatments application of 100 : 75 : 50 g NPK plant-1 (T12) significantly influenced the growth attributes followed by 100 : 75 : 25 g NPK plant-1 (T11).","PeriodicalId":102073,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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