Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.08
N. Chichenev, M. Vasilyev, A. Karfidov, O. Chicheneva
Development of the automotive industry, electronics, aviation and other modern branches of science and technology has led to the need to produce thin (up to 0.01 mm thick) and the thinnest (up to 0.001 mm) high-quality band from high-alloy steels, non-ferrous and noble metals, obtained on multi-roll cold rolling mills. One of the main requirements for work rolls is a high and uniform hardness of the surface of the barrel after hardening, which should increase the wear resistance of the working layer, reduce the degree of its damage and, thereby, ensure the high quality of the rolled strip. An effective way to improve the quality of rolls with a diameter of up to 20 mm is surface laser hardening. In laser hardening of rolling rolls, a technological scheme was used, according to which the roll made a screw movement at preset speed relative to a fixed laser beam, which led to formation of a continuous screw track (spiral) of the hardened material on the surface of the roll. The minimal rotational frequency, at which uniformity of the active layer is observed, has been experimentally established, while laser hardening of samples with double-sided water jet cooling turned out to be the most effective. The design of a sprayer device for cooling of rolls during laser processing is proposed, which provides a uniform active layer along the entire barrel length and significantly reduces buckling of rolls. The technology for the manufacture of rolls has been developed, which makes it possible to obtain work rolls for multi-roll mills with high operational resistance, and to improve the technical and economic indicators of production of precision band. Tests of the rolls made of Kh9VMFSh steel after laser hardening on the mill 300 showed reduction in wear by 1.5-2.0 times compared to the standard volume-hardened rolls and reduction in roll consumption from 0.22 to 0.11 kg / t.
{"title":"Device for two-way cooling of rolls of multi-roll mills during laser hardening","authors":"N. Chichenev, M. Vasilyev, A. Karfidov, O. Chicheneva","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"Development of the automotive industry, electronics, aviation and other modern branches of science and technology has led to the need to produce thin (up to 0.01 mm thick) and the thinnest (up to 0.001 mm) high-quality band from high-alloy steels, non-ferrous and noble metals, obtained on multi-roll cold rolling mills. One of the main requirements for work rolls is a high and uniform hardness of the surface of the barrel after hardening, which should increase the wear resistance of the working layer, reduce the degree of its damage and, thereby, ensure the high quality of the rolled strip. An effective way to improve the quality of rolls with a diameter of up to 20 mm is surface laser hardening. In laser hardening of rolling rolls, a technological scheme was used, according to which the roll made a screw movement at preset speed relative to a fixed laser beam, which led to formation of a continuous screw track (spiral) of the hardened material on the surface of the roll. The minimal rotational frequency, at which uniformity of the active layer is observed, has been experimentally established, while laser hardening of samples with double-sided water jet cooling turned out to be the most effective. The design of a sprayer device for cooling of rolls during laser processing is proposed, which provides a uniform active layer along the entire barrel length and significantly reduces buckling of rolls. The technology for the manufacture of rolls has been developed, which makes it possible to obtain work rolls for multi-roll mills with high operational resistance, and to improve the technical and economic indicators of production of precision band. Tests of the rolls made of Kh9VMFSh steel after laser hardening on the mill 300 showed reduction in wear by 1.5-2.0 times compared to the standard volume-hardened rolls and reduction in roll consumption from 0.22 to 0.11 kg / t.","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43978868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.10
A. Zinyagin
The article considers an approach to combine the FEM method with the machine learning method in modeling the process of sheet metal cooling in a laminar cooling unit. A model of rolled products cooling based on the FEM has been developed; it considers the variable properties of the material and phase transformations. The high importance of taking into account physical processes, which occur on the surface of rolled products during cooling, is shown, namely influence of the surface temperature of rolled surface on the heat transfer coefficient. In first iteration data from literature was used for this dependenсe, afterwards it was adapted for the concrete case using iteration method. Especial importance of this phenomenon for calculation of cooling processes for rolled heavy plates (with thickness more than 30 mm) is shown. Two ways to calculate heat dissipation from phase transformations based on the Avrami formula and using the curve of relationship between heat capacity and temperature are given; they are used in a model depending on availability of data for the examined steel grade. Heat transfer coefficient was determined using machine learning methods in order to increase accuracy of calculations. The training set was built on the basis of industrial data, cleared from serial production factor and errors in sensors data signals. Several machine learning models were examined, the model based on gradient boosting of the catboost library displayed the best results. The optimal model parameters were selected using the GridSearchCV method of the Sklearn library or other built-in methods. The most important factors (feature importance) were those that provide especial influence on the heat transfer coefficient - water flow
{"title":"Use of machine learning methods for determinatuon of the boundary conditions coefficients in a FEM task for the case of accelerated cooling of hot-rolled sheet metal","authors":"A. Zinyagin","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers an approach to combine the FEM method with the machine learning method in modeling the process of sheet metal cooling in a laminar cooling unit. A model of rolled products cooling based on the FEM has been developed; it considers the variable properties of the material and phase transformations. The high importance of taking into account physical processes, which occur on the surface of rolled products during cooling, is shown, namely influence of the surface temperature of rolled surface on the heat transfer coefficient. In first iteration data from literature was used for this dependenсe, afterwards it was adapted for the concrete case using iteration method. Especial importance of this phenomenon for calculation of cooling processes for rolled heavy plates (with thickness more than 30 mm) is shown. Two ways to calculate heat dissipation from phase transformations based on the Avrami formula and using the curve of relationship between heat capacity and temperature are given; they are used in a model depending on availability of data for the examined steel grade. Heat transfer coefficient was determined using machine learning methods in order to increase accuracy of calculations. The training set was built on the basis of industrial data, cleared from serial production factor and errors in sensors data signals. Several machine learning models were examined, the model based on gradient boosting of the catboost library displayed the best results. The optimal model parameters were selected using the GridSearchCV method of the Sklearn library or other built-in methods. The most important factors (feature importance) were those that provide especial influence on the heat transfer coefficient - water flow","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47030135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.01
N. V. Osipova
This paper presents the methodological foundations for the compilation of a mathematical model of the circuits of the apparatus at the concentrating plant. With its help, it is possible to investigate the change in qualitative and quantitative indicators depending on the loading of the mill at the initial stage of grinding and the properties of the ore. The well-known approaches to the creation of enrichment site models based on the use of regression analysis, multilayer artificial and deep neural networks are considered. The works on the study of enrichment schemes using laboratory equipment are also presented, their disadvantages are shown. Lebedinsky mining and concentrating plant with its enrichment site No. 1 (one half-section) was selected as the object of modeling. An automatic control system (ACS) for loading a wet self-grinding mill (MWS) is considered, which includes a proportional integral (PI) regulator for the flow of ore fed from the conveyor. Mathematical models of aggregates of the enrichment site and their parameters for three grades of ores are presented. In the Matlab envferrumment, a study was conducted on its computer model, which consisted in sequentially changing the power assignment of the MWS to the PI controller, which corresponded to a load of 35 % to 50 %. An array of steady-state values of transients of the main indicators of the work of the enrichment site was obtained, on the basis of which static characteristics were constructed reflecting the relationship between filling, capacity and productivity for the initial ore, the finished class, between filling and the total ferrum content in the concentrate, energy intensity. Comparative results are given on the indicators obtained using the model of the enrichment site for various grades of ores while maintaining a constant loading of the MWS mill and choosing its optimal filling. It was shown that maximal productivity is achieved in the second case, for the initial ore (the finished class): the energy intensity is minimal, and the total ferrum content in the concentrate is within the permissible values.
{"title":"Investigation of the possibility of obtaining concentrate production targets based on a mathematical model of an ferrum ore processing site","authors":"N. V. Osipova","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the methodological foundations for the compilation of a mathematical model of the circuits of the apparatus at the concentrating plant. With its help, it is possible to investigate the change in qualitative and quantitative indicators depending on the loading of the mill at the initial stage of grinding and the properties of the ore. The well-known approaches to the creation of enrichment site models based on the use of regression analysis, multilayer artificial and deep neural networks are considered. The works on the study of enrichment schemes using laboratory equipment are also presented, their disadvantages are shown. Lebedinsky mining and concentrating plant with its enrichment site No. 1 (one half-section) was selected as the object of modeling. An automatic control system (ACS) for loading a wet self-grinding mill (MWS) is considered, which includes a proportional integral (PI) regulator for the flow of ore fed from the conveyor. Mathematical models of aggregates of the enrichment site and their parameters for three grades of ores are presented. In the Matlab envferrumment, a study was conducted on its computer model, which consisted in sequentially changing the power assignment of the MWS to the PI controller, which corresponded to a load of 35 % to 50 %. An array of steady-state values of transients of the main indicators of the work of the enrichment site was obtained, on the basis of which static characteristics were constructed reflecting the relationship between filling, capacity and productivity for the initial ore, the finished class, between filling and the total ferrum content in the concentrate, energy intensity. Comparative results are given on the indicators obtained using the model of the enrichment site for various grades of ores while maintaining a constant loading of the MWS mill and choosing its optimal filling. It was shown that maximal productivity is achieved in the second case, for the initial ore (the finished class): the energy intensity is minimal, and the total ferrum content in the concentrate is within the permissible values.","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49549875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.06
O. Prikhodko, V. Deev, A. Kutsenko, E. Prusov
Control of the formation of the structure and specified properties of castings in foundry production processes is inextricably linked to the thermal conditions of solidification of the castings in the mold. The nature of the thermal interaction between the casting and the mold is largely determined by the configuration of the castings as well as the properties of the cast alloy and mold material. The analysis performed in this work shows that the numerical models and empirical formulas used to calculate casting solidification parameters can be divided into three groups. The first group of models and empirical formulas gives values approaching the results of calculations by the square root law. The second group includes models and formulas, the calculation of solidified skin thickness by which exceeds the results of calculations by the square root law. The third group includes models and empirical formulas, which provide calculated data close to the theoretical curves of solidification of classical bodies. According to the results of the analysis of calculated data on the basis of the considered models, a hypothetical mechanism of the solidification process of castings has been proposed, which explains the stages of formation of their structure and the nature of the deviation of experimentally obtained values of solidification parameters from the square root law.
{"title":"Analysis of the solidification process of castings depending on their configuration and material of the mold","authors":"O. Prikhodko, V. Deev, A. Kutsenko, E. Prusov","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Control of the formation of the structure and specified properties of castings in foundry production processes is inextricably linked to the thermal conditions of solidification of the castings in the mold. The nature of the thermal interaction between the casting and the mold is largely determined by the configuration of the castings as well as the properties of the cast alloy and mold material. The analysis performed in this work shows that the numerical models and empirical formulas used to calculate casting solidification parameters can be divided into three groups. The first group of models and empirical formulas gives values approaching the results of calculations by the square root law. The second group includes models and formulas, the calculation of solidified skin thickness by which exceeds the results of calculations by the square root law. The third group includes models and empirical formulas, which provide calculated data close to the theoretical curves of solidification of classical bodies. According to the results of the analysis of calculated data on the basis of the considered models, a hypothetical mechanism of the solidification process of castings has been proposed, which explains the stages of formation of their structure and the nature of the deviation of experimentally obtained values of solidification parameters from the square root law.","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43094385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.15
B. Issa, V. Bazhin, K. G. Karapetyan
{"title":"The role of multi-phase metal content in corrosion and premature failure mitigation of steel equipment in oil refiniers. Part 1","authors":"B. Issa, V. Bazhin, K. G. Karapetyan","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47115098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.04
E. Makhambetov, N. R. Vorobkalo, A. Baisanov, E. A. Mynzhasar
{"title":"Smelting of vanadium-containing alloys with using non-standard reducing agents","authors":"E. Makhambetov, N. R. Vorobkalo, A. Baisanov, E. A. Mynzhasar","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46199411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.19
N. Vasyunina, I. Dubova, K. E. Druzhinin, T. Gilmanshina
{"title":"Ferrum extraction in cast iron via reduction smelting of red mud","authors":"N. Vasyunina, I. Dubova, K. E. Druzhinin, T. Gilmanshina","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.14
S. Kvon, V. Kulikov, S. Arinova, E. Shcherbakova
{"title":"Studying microstructure of heat-resistant alloy based on the Fe-Cr-Ni-alloying element system for manufacture of components for metallurgical equipment","authors":"S. Kvon, V. Kulikov, S. Arinova, E. Shcherbakova","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43866015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.12
P. P. Poletskov, N. Koptseva, Y. Efimova, A. S. Kuznetsova
{"title":"Influence of heat treatment on forming the complex of properties for high-strength cold-resistance steel","authors":"P. P. Poletskov, N. Koptseva, Y. Efimova, A. S. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2023.01.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43954621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.17580/cisisr.2022.02.05
O. Krymskaya, M. Isaenkova, V. Fesenko, R. Minushkin
{"title":"Regularities of structure and texture development in austenitic steel during cold rolling and heat treatment","authors":"O. Krymskaya, M. Isaenkova, V. Fesenko, R. Minushkin","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2022.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2022.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49114026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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