Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.21849/CACD.2018.00360
Katelyn J. Kotlarek, J. Kotlarek, P. J. Reitnauer, Jamie L. Perry
Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) describes a pattern of features present in an individual initially caused by underdevelopment of the mandible in utero [1]. This can lead to other features such as glossoptosis, cleft palate, feeding and breathing difficulties, and failure to thrive [2]. The incidence reported varies from 1:8,500 to 1:14,000 live births [3]. PRS may occur in isolation, but it is part of an underlying disorder or syndrome in approximately 50% of cases [4]. It is most commonly associated with Stickler syndrome [5], being diagnosed in 18-35% of individuals with PRS [4,6,7]. Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that can be associated with distinctive craniofacial features, eye problems, hearing impairment, mitral valve prolapse, and various skeletal and joint findings [4,8]. However, Stickler syndrome demonstrates wide variability in features leading to delayed or missed diagnoses in milder cases, even among individuals in the same family [8-10]. Despite variable expressivity, Stickler syndrome is completely penetrant. Three types of Stickler syndrome have been described based on collections of represented features. A diagnosis of Stickler syndrome is made clinically. Consensus has not been achieved on diagnostic criteria. However, non-validated criteria have been established for type 1 Stickler syndrome, which includes the presence of features, family history, and known pathogenic variants in autosomal A descriptive, prospective case study design was used to describe craniofacial, velopharyngeal, and speech measures of three siblings with a family history of Stickler syndrome. Two of the siblings had Pierre Robin sequence and cleft palate. All participants underwent nasometry, perceptual resonance rating, speech sound analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging. The child with a history of compensatory articulation errors showed notable differences in velopharyngeal function and medical history, as well as craniofacial and velopharyngeal dimensions when compared to siblings without a history of these speech errors. Further analysis of velopharyngeal and speech measures should be performed using a larger sample size within this population.
Pierre Robin序列（PRS）描述了一种最初由子宫内下颌骨发育不全引起的个体特征模式[1]。这可能会导致其他特征，如舌下垂、腭裂、进食和呼吸困难以及发育不良[2]。报告的活产发生率从1:8500到1:14000不等[3]。PRS可能单独发生，但在大约50%的病例中，它是潜在疾病或综合征的一部分[4]。它最常见于Stickler综合征[5]，18-35%的PRS患者被诊断为该综合征[4，6，7]。Stickler综合征是一种结缔组织疾病，可与独特的颅面特征、眼部问题、听力障碍、二尖瓣脱垂以及各种骨骼和关节表现有关[4，8]。然而，Stickler综合征表现出广泛的特征变异性，导致较轻病例的延迟或漏诊，即使在同一家族的个体中也是如此[8-10]。尽管表现力各不相同，但Stickler综合征是完全渗透性的。Stickler综合征的三种类型已经根据所代表的特征集合进行了描述。Stickler综合征的临床诊断。在诊断标准方面尚未达成共识。然而，1型Stickler综合征的标准尚未得到验证，其中包括常染色体中是否存在特征、家族史和已知致病性变异。采用描述性前瞻性病例研究设计来描述三个有Stickler综合症家族史的兄弟姐妹的颅面、腭咽和言语测量。其中两个兄弟姐妹患有Pierre Robin序列和腭裂。所有参与者都接受了鼻测量、感知共振评级、语音分析和磁共振成像。与没有这些言语错误史的兄弟姐妹相比，有代偿性发音错误史的儿童在腭咽功能、病史以及颅面和腭咽尺寸方面表现出显著差异。应在该人群中使用更大的样本量对腭咽和语音测量进行进一步分析。
{"title":"A Familial Case Study Exploring Craniofacial, Velopharyngeal, and Speech Variations in Pierre Robin Sequence","authors":"Katelyn J. Kotlarek, J. Kotlarek, P. J. Reitnauer, Jamie L. Perry","doi":"10.21849/CACD.2018.00360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21849/CACD.2018.00360","url":null,"abstract":"Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) describes a pattern of features present in an individual initially caused by underdevelopment of the mandible in utero [1]. This can lead to other features such as glossoptosis, cleft palate, feeding and breathing difficulties, and failure to thrive [2]. The incidence reported varies from 1:8,500 to 1:14,000 live births [3]. PRS may occur in isolation, but it is part of an underlying disorder or syndrome in approximately 50% of cases [4]. It is most commonly associated with Stickler syndrome [5], being diagnosed in 18-35% of individuals with PRS [4,6,7]. Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that can be associated with distinctive craniofacial features, eye problems, hearing impairment, mitral valve prolapse, and various skeletal and joint findings [4,8]. However, Stickler syndrome demonstrates wide variability in features leading to delayed or missed diagnoses in milder cases, even among individuals in the same family [8-10]. Despite variable expressivity, Stickler syndrome is completely penetrant. Three types of Stickler syndrome have been described based on collections of represented features. A diagnosis of Stickler syndrome is made clinically. Consensus has not been achieved on diagnostic criteria. However, non-validated criteria have been established for type 1 Stickler syndrome, which includes the presence of features, family history, and known pathogenic variants in autosomal A descriptive, prospective case study design was used to describe craniofacial, velopharyngeal, and speech measures of three siblings with a family history of Stickler syndrome. Two of the siblings had Pierre Robin sequence and cleft palate. All participants underwent nasometry, perceptual resonance rating, speech sound analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging. The child with a history of compensatory articulation errors showed notable differences in velopharyngeal function and medical history, as well as craniofacial and velopharyngeal dimensions when compared to siblings without a history of these speech errors. Further analysis of velopharyngeal and speech measures should be performed using a larger sample size within this population.","PeriodicalId":10238,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48644809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.21849/CACD.2018.00444
Shanley B. Treleaven, Anthony P. Buhr, B. Kucharski, G. Coalson
{"title":"Daily Emotions and Stuttering: What Is the Relation?","authors":"Shanley B. Treleaven, Anthony P. Buhr, B. Kucharski, G. Coalson","doi":"10.21849/CACD.2018.00444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21849/CACD.2018.00444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10238,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41897497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.21849/CACD.2018.00402
Angela Burda, Jaimie L. Gilbert, C. Amundson, Kelsey Baughman, Aaron Brummel, Sarah Crimmins, Lisa Daringer, Courtney Hansen, D. Hoffman, Olivia Ferguson, Katherine Polit
Cognition encompasses many different abilities, including attention and executive functions. Yogev-Seligmann et al. [1] define attention as the ability to receive a stimulus and correctly respond to the stimulation. In essence, individuals orient and alert to stimuli [2,3] and decide if the focus should continue to be processed or ignored [4]. Several different types of attention exist including selective, divided, sustained, and alternating attention [2,5]. Selective attention is described as the ability to concentrate on a certain stimulus (e.g., auditory, visual) and suppress irrelevant factors [6,7]. Gaspelin Purpose: This study sought to determine if younger and older adults’ scores on the Attention Process Test predicted scores on the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome and Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies.
{"title":"Do Scores on an Attention Test Predict Scores on Executive Function Tests?","authors":"Angela Burda, Jaimie L. Gilbert, C. Amundson, Kelsey Baughman, Aaron Brummel, Sarah Crimmins, Lisa Daringer, Courtney Hansen, D. Hoffman, Olivia Ferguson, Katherine Polit","doi":"10.21849/CACD.2018.00402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21849/CACD.2018.00402","url":null,"abstract":"Cognition encompasses many different abilities, including attention and executive functions. Yogev-Seligmann et al. [1] define attention as the ability to receive a stimulus and correctly respond to the stimulation. In essence, individuals orient and alert to stimuli [2,3] and decide if the focus should continue to be processed or ignored [4]. Several different types of attention exist including selective, divided, sustained, and alternating attention [2,5]. Selective attention is described as the ability to concentrate on a certain stimulus (e.g., auditory, visual) and suppress irrelevant factors [6,7]. Gaspelin Purpose: This study sought to determine if younger and older adults’ scores on the Attention Process Test predicted scores on the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome and Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies.","PeriodicalId":10238,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47779725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.21849/CACD.2018.00409
A. Kong, C. Tse
{"title":"Clinician Survey on Speech Pathology Services for People with Aphasia in Hong Kong","authors":"A. Kong, C. Tse","doi":"10.21849/CACD.2018.00409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21849/CACD.2018.00409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10238,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45656047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.21849/CACD.2018.00325
T. Whetstone, S. Kim, C. Reynolds, Emily Deeves
Evidence has been well accumulated for more than two centuries that a patient with non-fluent, or Broca’s, aphasia secondary to a left hemisphere stroke is able to sing songs and words (e.g., Marina, Pasqualetti, & Carlomagno, 2007; Mills, 1904, Gerstmann, 1964, Stahl, Kotz, Henseler, Turner, & Geyer, 2011). The rationale behind this evidence relies on neuroplasticity that a patient’s intact right hemisphere, known to play an important role in processing steady-state spectral information and slowly changing aspects of the auditory-signal (e.g., prosodic contours and sustained vowels), may stimulate the damaged left hemisphere responsible for integrating auditory information across shorter intervals of time (Naeser & Helm-Estabrooks, 1985; Sparks & Deck, 1994; Zatorre & Belin, 2001; Zipse, Worek, Guarino, & Shattuck-Hufnagel, 2014). This clinical observation has led to a variety of singing-based therapeutic techniques such as Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT; Albert, Sparks, & Helm, 1973; Helm-Estabrooks, Nicholas, & Morgan, 1989; Sparks, Helm, & Albert, 1974; Wan, Ruber, Hohmann, & Schlaug, 2010). Techniques of MIT include sequentially training a patient to sing The purpose of the current observational study was to explore differential effects of melodyonly condition and rhythmic left-hand tapping-only condition in Melodic Intonation Therapy, when accompanied with formulaic words or phrase and slow rate. The participant included a 77-year-old, monolingual, non-Hispanic, Caucasian male with severe Broca’s aphasia enrolled at a university clinic. The independent variable was the individual component of MIT, with two conditions: (1) melody only and (2) rhythm and left-hand tapping only. The dependent variable was percentage accuracy of the participant’s ability to repeat a list of targets (i.e., pre-selected formulaic words/phrases). An alternating treatment design over two treatment phases was used in the present study. The percentage of nonoverlapping data was calculated by dividing the number of treatment sessions exceeding the highest data point during baseline sessions by the total number of treatment sessions. Results indicated that melody-only condition was a fairly effective treatment while rhythm and left-hand tappingonly condition was an unreliable treatment. The participant had difficulty following rhythm and left-hand tapping possibly due to a rhythm-processing deficit. Motivation and mood effect of singing in unison might positively influence the accuracy of repetitions in the participant. Limitations of the study were discussed.
{"title":"Case Study: Differential Effects of Melody and Rhythm in Melodic Intonation Therapy","authors":"T. Whetstone, S. Kim, C. Reynolds, Emily Deeves","doi":"10.21849/CACD.2018.00325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21849/CACD.2018.00325","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence has been well accumulated for more than two centuries that a patient with non-fluent, or Broca’s, aphasia secondary to a left hemisphere stroke is able to sing songs and words (e.g., Marina, Pasqualetti, & Carlomagno, 2007; Mills, 1904, Gerstmann, 1964, Stahl, Kotz, Henseler, Turner, & Geyer, 2011). The rationale behind this evidence relies on neuroplasticity that a patient’s intact right hemisphere, known to play an important role in processing steady-state spectral information and slowly changing aspects of the auditory-signal (e.g., prosodic contours and sustained vowels), may stimulate the damaged left hemisphere responsible for integrating auditory information across shorter intervals of time (Naeser & Helm-Estabrooks, 1985; Sparks & Deck, 1994; Zatorre & Belin, 2001; Zipse, Worek, Guarino, & Shattuck-Hufnagel, 2014). This clinical observation has led to a variety of singing-based therapeutic techniques such as Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT; Albert, Sparks, & Helm, 1973; Helm-Estabrooks, Nicholas, & Morgan, 1989; Sparks, Helm, & Albert, 1974; Wan, Ruber, Hohmann, & Schlaug, 2010). Techniques of MIT include sequentially training a patient to sing The purpose of the current observational study was to explore differential effects of melodyonly condition and rhythmic left-hand tapping-only condition in Melodic Intonation Therapy, when accompanied with formulaic words or phrase and slow rate. The participant included a 77-year-old, monolingual, non-Hispanic, Caucasian male with severe Broca’s aphasia enrolled at a university clinic. The independent variable was the individual component of MIT, with two conditions: (1) melody only and (2) rhythm and left-hand tapping only. The dependent variable was percentage accuracy of the participant’s ability to repeat a list of targets (i.e., pre-selected formulaic words/phrases). An alternating treatment design over two treatment phases was used in the present study. The percentage of nonoverlapping data was calculated by dividing the number of treatment sessions exceeding the highest data point during baseline sessions by the total number of treatment sessions. Results indicated that melody-only condition was a fairly effective treatment while rhythm and left-hand tappingonly condition was an unreliable treatment. The participant had difficulty following rhythm and left-hand tapping possibly due to a rhythm-processing deficit. Motivation and mood effect of singing in unison might positively influence the accuracy of repetitions in the participant. Limitations of the study were discussed.","PeriodicalId":10238,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43691329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.21849/CACD.2018.00353
P. Briley
Stuttering is a communication disorder that typically emerges before a child reaches school-age [1]. The incidence of this disabling disorder is generally accepted to be around 5% of the United States’ (U.S.) population [2]. Evidence also suggests the prevalence of stuttering decreases over time due to natural recovery [2]. The consequences of stuttering can be a debilitating influence on people who stutter (PWS). The negative influence of stuttering extends beyond the overt manifestations of stuttering such as sound and word repetitions, sound prolongations, and audible and inaudible postural fixations [2]. Specifically, the experience of stuttering also includes inconspicuous behaviors that are not observable to listeners. These include avoidances of sounds, words, Purpose: To survey school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the state of North Carolina (NC) to examine management practices primarily related to their work with children who stutter (CWS) and to identify factors that influence their assessment approaches.
{"title":"Issues in Assessment of Children Who Stutter: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists in the State of North Carolina","authors":"P. Briley","doi":"10.21849/CACD.2018.00353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21849/CACD.2018.00353","url":null,"abstract":"Stuttering is a communication disorder that typically emerges before a child reaches school-age [1]. The incidence of this disabling disorder is generally accepted to be around 5% of the United States’ (U.S.) population [2]. Evidence also suggests the prevalence of stuttering decreases over time due to natural recovery [2]. The consequences of stuttering can be a debilitating influence on people who stutter (PWS). The negative influence of stuttering extends beyond the overt manifestations of stuttering such as sound and word repetitions, sound prolongations, and audible and inaudible postural fixations [2]. Specifically, the experience of stuttering also includes inconspicuous behaviors that are not observable to listeners. These include avoidances of sounds, words, Purpose: To survey school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the state of North Carolina (NC) to examine management practices primarily related to their work with children who stutter (CWS) and to identify factors that influence their assessment approaches.","PeriodicalId":10238,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42644804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.21849/CACD.2018.00346
D. Thomas, D. Lance, J. Rainey
High stakes testing and performance-based funding models increase the pressure to accurately identify reading problems in children as early as possible. Assessments used to measure reading-related skills, such as phonemic awareness (PA) have conventionally require verbal (oral) responses. Consequently, measures that require verbal (oral) responses may not accurately measure skills (e.g., oral reading fluency or word finding) in children who exhibit communication issues, specifically, children who do not speak clearly and fluently [1,2], such as children with speech sound disorders (SSD). Purpose: When assessing phonemic awareness (PA) ability, tasks that require verbal (oral) responses are often used. If verbal (oral) answers contain speech sound errors, it may be difficult for the evaluator to determine accuracy of PA skill. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between speech sound production and PA in first and second grade children with and without speech sound disorders (SSD) using a nonverbal (non-oral) response format.
{"title":"Phonemic Awareness Assessment of Children With and Without Speech Sound Disorders: A Comparison Study","authors":"D. Thomas, D. Lance, J. Rainey","doi":"10.21849/CACD.2018.00346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21849/CACD.2018.00346","url":null,"abstract":"High stakes testing and performance-based funding models increase the pressure to accurately identify reading problems in children as early as possible. Assessments used to measure reading-related skills, such as phonemic awareness (PA) have conventionally require verbal (oral) responses. Consequently, measures that require verbal (oral) responses may not accurately measure skills (e.g., oral reading fluency or word finding) in children who exhibit communication issues, specifically, children who do not speak clearly and fluently [1,2], such as children with speech sound disorders (SSD). Purpose: When assessing phonemic awareness (PA) ability, tasks that require verbal (oral) responses are often used. If verbal (oral) answers contain speech sound errors, it may be difficult for the evaluator to determine accuracy of PA skill. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between speech sound production and PA in first and second grade children with and without speech sound disorders (SSD) using a nonverbal (non-oral) response format.","PeriodicalId":10238,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49071162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.21849/CACD.2018.00374
Colleen E. Fitzgerald, R. Wettstein, Rebecca L. Ebert, S. M. Bridges
{"title":"The Phonetic and Linguistic Environment of Third Singular Allomorphs in Parent Input","authors":"Colleen E. Fitzgerald, R. Wettstein, Rebecca L. Ebert, S. M. Bridges","doi":"10.21849/CACD.2018.00374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21849/CACD.2018.00374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10238,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42546790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.21849/CACD.2018.00290
E. Oommen, Youngsun Kim
Lingual function is imperative for important physiological events during oropharyngeal swallowing such as bolus formation and manipulation [1-7]. Contraction of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue [3], in addition to that of the suprahyoid muscles, contribute to functional lingual movements in speech and swallowing [8,9]. Impaired lingual function could result in dysphagia, manifestations of which may include difficulties in mastication, incomplete bolus formation, difficulties in bolus positioning, increased residue, impairments in oral and pharyngeal bolus transit, and premature spillage [4,6,10,11]. Objective values that reflect lingual strength, defined as the “capability of the muscle fibers to produce or resist force” [8, p. 658], include peak swallowing pressure, peak lingual pressure during isometric lingual tasks, and percentage of maximum tongue pressure [1,6,12]. Isometric lingual tasks involve maintaining a static posture of the tongue against resistance, during which the lingual pressure generated can be measured, free of changes in muscle length [8,13]. Purpose: This study examined the effects of age and gender during three intra-oral lingual tasks (elevation, protrusion, and depression) on peak lingual pressure in healthy adults.
{"title":"Effects of Age and Gender during Three Lingual Tasks on Peak Lingual Pressures in Healthy Adults","authors":"E. Oommen, Youngsun Kim","doi":"10.21849/CACD.2018.00290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21849/CACD.2018.00290","url":null,"abstract":"Lingual function is imperative for important physiological events during oropharyngeal swallowing such as bolus formation and manipulation [1-7]. Contraction of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue [3], in addition to that of the suprahyoid muscles, contribute to functional lingual movements in speech and swallowing [8,9]. Impaired lingual function could result in dysphagia, manifestations of which may include difficulties in mastication, incomplete bolus formation, difficulties in bolus positioning, increased residue, impairments in oral and pharyngeal bolus transit, and premature spillage [4,6,10,11]. Objective values that reflect lingual strength, defined as the “capability of the muscle fibers to produce or resist force” [8, p. 658], include peak swallowing pressure, peak lingual pressure during isometric lingual tasks, and percentage of maximum tongue pressure [1,6,12]. Isometric lingual tasks involve maintaining a static posture of the tongue against resistance, during which the lingual pressure generated can be measured, free of changes in muscle length [8,13]. Purpose: This study examined the effects of age and gender during three intra-oral lingual tasks (elevation, protrusion, and depression) on peak lingual pressure in healthy adults.","PeriodicalId":10238,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42899495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.21849/CACD.2018.00332
Kaylee Sienza, Youngsun Kim, T. Park, B. Oh
Thirty to 70% of post-stroke survivors suffer from dysphagia [1,2]. Post-stroke survivors with dysphagia commonly show difficulties in airway protection during pharyngeal swallowing [3,4]. Airway protection during swallowing is achieved through laryngeal closure. Laryngeal closure is executed by an initial downward displacement of the epiglottis with a concurrent approximation of the arytenoids to the base of the epiglottis [5-7]. The contact between the epiglottis and arytenoid is sustained until the bolus passes the pharynx and enters the esophagus. A delayed, incomplete, and reduced laryngeal closure may lead to aspiration. Aspiration is defined as the bolus entering into the vestibule and then passing below the vocal folds [8]. Disturbances in the initiation and duration of laryngeal closure in post-stroke survivors are important physiological steps in the pharyngeal swallow [9,10]. Park and her colleagues (2010) reported that the post-stroke survivors show a reduced duration of laryngeal closure regardless of aspiration [9]. However, in regard to the initiation of laryngeal closure, post-stroke survivors with aspiration showed a delayed initiation of laObjectives: The purpose of this study was to examine whether traditional swallowing intervention improves the initiation or duration of laryngeal closure in post-stroke survivors using the initial and follow-up videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS).
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