Corrosion of 316 L SS is a significant global concern and recently polymeric nanofibers have been gaining attention for their potential in enhancing the corrosion resistance of metals. In this work, an electrospinning technique was deployed for the deposition of a curcumin quantum dot (CMQD) blended polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous anticorrosive coating on 316 L SS. The optimized PAN-CMQD coated samples obtained from the weight loss studies were examined to assess their corrosion inhibition characteristics in 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolyte as the corrosion environment using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PAN-CMQD coated samples showed two-order reduction in Icorr compared to the uncoated 316 L SS. The results of the long-term analysis for 30 days revealed no significant changes in Icorr and Ecorr values and no pit formation for PAN-CMQD coated samples, proving the longevity of the coating. Thus, this work will serve as a cost-effective futuristic strategy for the large-scale development of anticorrosive nanofibrous coatings for enhancing the corrosion resistance behavior of metals and alloys in various industrial sectors.
316 L SS 的腐蚀是全球关注的一个重要问题,最近,聚合物纳米纤维在增强金属抗腐蚀性能方面的潜力日益受到关注。本研究采用电纺丝技术在 316 L SS 上沉积姜黄素量子点(CMQD)混合聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维防腐涂层。在 3.5 wt% 的氯化钠电解液作为腐蚀环境下,使用电位极化和电化学阻抗光谱法检测了失重研究中获得的优化 PAN-CMQD 涂层样品,以评估其缓蚀特性。与未涂覆的 316 L SS 相比,涂覆了 PAN-CMQD 的样品的 Icorr 降低了两个等级。30 天的长期分析结果表明,PAN-CMQD 涂层样品的 Icorr 和 Ecorr 值没有明显变化,也没有凹坑形成,这证明了涂层的使用寿命。因此,这项工作将作为一种具有成本效益的未来战略,用于大规模开发防腐纳米纤维涂层,以增强各工业部门中金属和合金的耐腐蚀性能。
{"title":"A curcumin quantum dot blended polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofiber coating on 316 L SS for improved corrosion resistance in the marine environment†","authors":"Iffath Badsha, Renjith Kumar Rasal, Wirach Taweepreda, Arthanareeswaran Gangasalam and Devasena Thiyagarajan","doi":"10.1039/D4RA05075D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA05075D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Corrosion of 316 L SS is a significant global concern and recently polymeric nanofibers have been gaining attention for their potential in enhancing the corrosion resistance of metals. In this work, an electrospinning technique was deployed for the deposition of a curcumin quantum dot (CMQD) blended polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous anticorrosive coating on 316 L SS. The optimized PAN-CMQD coated samples obtained from the weight loss studies were examined to assess their corrosion inhibition characteristics in 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolyte as the corrosion environment using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PAN-CMQD coated samples showed two-order reduction in <em>I</em><small><sub>corr</sub></small> compared to the uncoated 316 L SS. The results of the long-term analysis for 30 days revealed no significant changes in <em>I</em><small><sub>corr</sub></small> and <em>E</em><small><sub>corr</sub></small> values and no pit formation for PAN-CMQD coated samples, proving the longevity of the coating. Thus, this work will serve as a cost-effective futuristic strategy for the large-scale development of anticorrosive nanofibrous coatings for enhancing the corrosion resistance behavior of metals and alloys in various industrial sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ra/d4ra05075d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meiling Chen, Yuzhuo Chen, Ting Zhang, Hua Zhang, Zhiwen Xiao, Zhongzhen Su and Yunan Wu
This study reports the synthesis and photophysical analysis of three isomeric compounds, namely 3Fmo, 3Fmm, and 3Fmp, which were engineered using carbazole as the electron donor, phthalimide as the electron acceptor, and a benzene ring as the bridging moiety. Among these, 3Fmm was distinguished by its ability to exhibit immediate room-temperature white phosphorescence following the cessation of UV illumination, whereas 3Fmo and 3Fmp demonstrated TADF properties. Crystallographic analysis revealed unique intermolecular π–π stacking interactions within 3Fmm, absent in the other two isomers. Advanced TD-DFT computations indicated that such π–π stacking in 3Fmm not only facilitates intersystem crossing but also effectively reduces the free volume within the crystal, leading to a decrease in non-radiative transitions. These molecular interactions promote the manifestation of room-temperature phosphorescence. Furthermore, leveraging the superior luminescent properties of 3Fmo, the compound was successfully utilized in cellular imaging, where it achieved excellent imaging results, showcasing its potential for biomedical applications.
{"title":"Molecular design and functional outcomes of RTP and TADF traits in isomers†","authors":"Meiling Chen, Yuzhuo Chen, Ting Zhang, Hua Zhang, Zhiwen Xiao, Zhongzhen Su and Yunan Wu","doi":"10.1039/D4RA05807K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA05807K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study reports the synthesis and photophysical analysis of three isomeric compounds, namely <strong>3Fmo</strong>, <strong>3Fmm</strong>, and <strong>3Fmp</strong>, which were engineered using carbazole as the electron donor, phthalimide as the electron acceptor, and a benzene ring as the bridging moiety. Among these, <strong>3Fmm</strong> was distinguished by its ability to exhibit immediate room-temperature white phosphorescence following the cessation of UV illumination, whereas <strong>3Fmo</strong> and <strong>3Fmp</strong> demonstrated TADF properties. Crystallographic analysis revealed unique intermolecular π–π stacking interactions within <strong>3Fmm</strong>, absent in the other two isomers. Advanced TD-DFT computations indicated that such π–π stacking in <strong>3Fmm</strong> not only facilitates intersystem crossing but also effectively reduces the free volume within the crystal, leading to a decrease in non-radiative transitions. These molecular interactions promote the manifestation of room-temperature phosphorescence. Furthermore, leveraging the superior luminescent properties of <strong>3Fmo</strong>, the compound was successfully utilized in cellular imaging, where it achieved excellent imaging results, showcasing its potential for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ra/d4ra05807k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, the influence of accelerated aging on the thermo-mechanical behavior and biotribological properties of an irradiation cross-linked GO/UHMWPE nanocomposite after VE diffusion was investigated, including through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel content, FT-IR characterization, oxidation index, ball indentation hardness, and especially the biotribological properties. The results show that accelerated aging increased the melting point and crystallinity of the nanocomposite, but resulted in a decrease in thermal stability and gel content. The oxidation index increased by 60.2% and the hardness decreased by 18.1%. In particular, the friction coefficient and wear rate increased by 99.5% and 87.4% respectively. A simple VE diffusion process had no obvious effect on the melting point, crystallinity, thermal stability, gel content and hardness, but the oxidation resistance and biotribological performance were improved to a certain extent. On the contrary, when VE exists in the accelerated aging process, the above properties are significantly improved. In particular, the oxidation index decreased by 21.1%, and the friction coefficient and wear rate decreased by 33.7% and 26.4%, respectively. After accelerated aging, fatigue wear and abrasive wear are the main wear forms, while VE plays the function of reducing friction and wear. Besides, the anti-friction and wear resistance mechanism of VE during the accelerated aging process was also illustrated.
本研究通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)、凝胶含量、傅立叶变换红外特性、氧化指数、球压痕硬度,特别是生物滴定特性,研究了加速老化对辐照交联后的 GO/UHMWPE 纳米复合材料的热力学行为和生物滴定特性的影响。结果表明,加速老化提高了纳米复合材料的熔点和结晶度,但导致热稳定性和凝胶含量下降。氧化指数增加了 60.2%,硬度降低了 18.1%。摩擦系数和磨损率分别增加了 99.5% 和 87.4%。简单的 VE 扩散过程对熔点、结晶度、热稳定性、凝胶含量和硬度没有明显影响,但抗氧化性和生物分布性能得到了一定程度的改善。相反,当 VE 存在于加速老化过程中时,上述性能得到明显改善。其中,氧化指数降低了 21.1%,摩擦系数和磨损率分别降低了 33.7% 和 26.4%。加速老化后,疲劳磨损和磨料磨损是主要的磨损形式,而 VE 则起到了减少摩擦和磨损的作用。此外,还说明了 VE 在加速老化过程中的抗摩擦和抗磨损机理。
{"title":"Effect of accelerated aging on the thermo-mechanical behavior and biotribological properties of an irradiation cross-linked GO/UHMWPE nanocomposite after VE diffusion","authors":"Yinbiao Li and Weipeng Duan","doi":"10.1039/D4RA05720A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA05720A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this work, the influence of accelerated aging on the thermo-mechanical behavior and biotribological properties of an irradiation cross-linked GO/UHMWPE nanocomposite after VE diffusion was investigated, including through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel content, FT-IR characterization, oxidation index, ball indentation hardness, and especially the biotribological properties. The results show that accelerated aging increased the melting point and crystallinity of the nanocomposite, but resulted in a decrease in thermal stability and gel content. The oxidation index increased by 60.2% and the hardness decreased by 18.1%. In particular, the friction coefficient and wear rate increased by 99.5% and 87.4% respectively. A simple VE diffusion process had no obvious effect on the melting point, crystallinity, thermal stability, gel content and hardness, but the oxidation resistance and biotribological performance were improved to a certain extent. On the contrary, when VE exists in the accelerated aging process, the above properties are significantly improved. In particular, the oxidation index decreased by 21.1%, and the friction coefficient and wear rate decreased by 33.7% and 26.4%, respectively. After accelerated aging, fatigue wear and abrasive wear are the main wear forms, while VE plays the function of reducing friction and wear. Besides, the anti-friction and wear resistance mechanism of VE during the accelerated aging process was also illustrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ra/d4ra05720a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isni Arliyani, Md Tabish Noori, Muhammad Imam Ammarullah, Bieby Voijant Tangahu, Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo and Booki Min
The physical and chemical treatment processes of leachate are not only costly but can also possibly produce harmful by products. Constructed wetlands (CW) has been considered a promising alternative technology for leachate treatment due to less demand for energy, economic, ecological benefits, and simplicity of operations. Various trends and approaches for the application of CW for leachate treatment have been discussed in this review along with offering an informatics peek of the recent innovative developments in CW technology and its perspectives. In addition, coupling CW with microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has proven to produce renewable energy (electricity) while treating contaminants in leachate wastewaters (CW-MFC). The combination of CW-MFC is a promising bio electrochemical that plays symbiotic among plant microorganisms in the rhizosphere of an aquatic plant that convert sun electricity is transformed into bioelectricity with the aid of using the formation of radical secretions, as endogenous substrates, and microbial activity. Several researchers study and try to find out the application of CW-MFC for leachate treatment, along with this system and performance. Several key elements for the advancement of CW-MFC technology such as bioelectricity, reactor configurations, plant species, and electrode materials, has been comprehensively discussed and future research directions were suggested for further improving the performance. Overall, CW-MFC may offer an eco-friendly approach to protecting the aquatic environment and come with built-in advantages for visual appeal and animal habitats using natural materials such as gravel, soil, electroactive bacteria, and plants under controlled condition.
{"title":"Constructed wetlands combined with microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) as a sustainable technology for leachate treatment and power generation","authors":"Isni Arliyani, Md Tabish Noori, Muhammad Imam Ammarullah, Bieby Voijant Tangahu, Sarwoko Mangkoedihardjo and Booki Min","doi":"10.1039/D4RA04658G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA04658G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The physical and chemical treatment processes of leachate are not only costly but can also possibly produce harmful by products. Constructed wetlands (CW) has been considered a promising alternative technology for leachate treatment due to less demand for energy, economic, ecological benefits, and simplicity of operations. Various trends and approaches for the application of CW for leachate treatment have been discussed in this review along with offering an informatics peek of the recent innovative developments in CW technology and its perspectives. In addition, coupling CW with microbial fuel cells (MFCs) has proven to produce renewable energy (electricity) while treating contaminants in leachate wastewaters (CW-MFC). The combination of CW-MFC is a promising bio electrochemical that plays symbiotic among plant microorganisms in the rhizosphere of an aquatic plant that convert sun electricity is transformed into bioelectricity with the aid of using the formation of radical secretions, as endogenous substrates, and microbial activity. Several researchers study and try to find out the application of CW-MFC for leachate treatment, along with this system and performance. Several key elements for the advancement of CW-MFC technology such as bioelectricity, reactor configurations, plant species, and electrode materials, has been comprehensively discussed and future research directions were suggested for further improving the performance. Overall, CW-MFC may offer an eco-friendly approach to protecting the aquatic environment and come with built-in advantages for visual appeal and animal habitats using natural materials such as gravel, soil, electroactive bacteria, and plants under controlled condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ra/d4ra04658g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debsmita Mandal, Indrayani Dey and Chiranjit Ghosh
Diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication and requires immediate medical attention in the case of diabetes subjects, especially in the case of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In the condition of DKA, the body produces an excess amount of ketone bodies after unregulated fat degradation, causing blood to become acidic and hampering the regular metabolic activities of the body. The current diagnostic technique for DKA condition is based on monitoring ketone bodies, especially β-hydroxybutyric acid, from human urine and blood samples. The detection of serum ketone bodies in pathology is sometimes limited due to false positive results and the lack of standardization for precise quantification of analytes. In this study, a paper-based patch operating on the thin film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME) principle was developed and it was coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for simple quantification of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) ketone body from a phosphate-buffered saline matrix. To fabricate the paper-based TF-SPME patches, a regular A4 sheet paper sheet was utilized as the substrate and uniform coating by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and divinyl benzene (DVB) compounds was performed with an automatic film applicator. The 70 μm paper-based coated sheet was trimmed into 4 cm × 1 cm dimension pieces to obtain multiple patches from a single sheet. Extraction of the BHB ketone body into the closed vials was performed by exploiting the individual DVB/PDMS and DVB/CNT/PDMS paper patches followed by desorption with acetonitrile before quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Our study showed that the BHB extraction efficiency of DVB/PDMS-coated patches was higher than that of DVB/CNT/PDMS. The outcome showed a good linearity (R2 = 0.99) within the 500–20 000 ng mL−1 concentration range of BHB by paper-based DVB/PDMS patches. This study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing simple, cost-effective paper-based disposable TF-SPME patches as a sampling kit for future screening of diabetes ketoacidosis without the need for prolonged traditional sample preparation in pathology.
{"title":"Development of a disposable paper-based thin film solid-phase microextraction sampling kit to quantify ketone body†","authors":"Debsmita Mandal, Indrayani Dey and Chiranjit Ghosh","doi":"10.1039/D4RA05907G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA05907G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication and requires immediate medical attention in the case of diabetes subjects, especially in the case of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In the condition of DKA, the body produces an excess amount of ketone bodies after unregulated fat degradation, causing blood to become acidic and hampering the regular metabolic activities of the body. The current diagnostic technique for DKA condition is based on monitoring ketone bodies, especially β-hydroxybutyric acid, from human urine and blood samples. The detection of serum ketone bodies in pathology is sometimes limited due to false positive results and the lack of standardization for precise quantification of analytes. In this study, a paper-based patch operating on the thin film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME) principle was developed and it was coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for simple quantification of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) ketone body from a phosphate-buffered saline matrix. To fabricate the paper-based TF-SPME patches, a regular A4 sheet paper sheet was utilized as the substrate and uniform coating by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and divinyl benzene (DVB) compounds was performed with an automatic film applicator. The 70 μm paper-based coated sheet was trimmed into 4 cm × 1 cm dimension pieces to obtain multiple patches from a single sheet. Extraction of the BHB ketone body into the closed vials was performed by exploiting the individual DVB/PDMS and DVB/CNT/PDMS paper patches followed by desorption with acetonitrile before quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Our study showed that the BHB extraction efficiency of DVB/PDMS-coated patches was higher than that of DVB/CNT/PDMS. The outcome showed a good linearity (<em>R</em><small><sup>2</sup></small> = 0.99) within the 500–20 000 ng mL<small><sup>−1</sup></small> concentration range of BHB by paper-based DVB/PDMS patches. This study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing simple, cost-effective paper-based disposable TF-SPME patches as a sampling kit for future screening of diabetes ketoacidosis without the need for prolonged traditional sample preparation in pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ra/d4ra05907g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cystinuria is a rare disease which results in the precipitation of cystine in the renal filtrate, which may cause acute kidney injury due to mechanical trauma. In this work, we attempt to explore the origin of supersaturated cystine in this context to understand disease pathogenesis. This has enabled us to reproduce the clinical habit of cystine following a comprehensive study of cystine nucleation and growth in saline, artificial and human urine. Then, we describe the physical behaviour of these crystals in the presence of: cysteamine, sodium bicarbonate, captopril, tiopronin, penicillamine, glutathione and α-lipoic acid. Surprisingly, we observe that, in vitro, only cysteamine and saturated sodium bicarbonate dissolve crystals at a faster rate than saline, and that when solution pH is adjusted to physiological conditions, crystal dissolution for all agents is reduced to the rate of saline alone. We highlight that the conventional hypothesis of mixed disulphide formation in cysteamine is not the fastest mechanism of cystine dissolution, but rather that cystine dissolution (in the order of hours) is dominated by pH effects. This, combined with cysteamine's ability to take part in disulfide exchange reactions may explain cysteamine's effectiveness in this condition. Overall, our findings not only contribute to an understanding of cystinuria pathogenesis but also offer insights into how we should evaluate emerging treatments.
{"title":"Cystine crystal nucleation and decay in the context of cystinuria pathogenesis and treatment†","authors":"Kimberley Noble and Oisín N. Kavanagh","doi":"10.1039/D4RA04469J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4RA04469J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cystinuria is a rare disease which results in the precipitation of cystine in the renal filtrate, which may cause acute kidney injury due to mechanical trauma. In this work, we attempt to explore the origin of supersaturated cystine in this context to understand disease pathogenesis. This has enabled us to reproduce the clinical habit of cystine following a comprehensive study of cystine nucleation and growth in saline, artificial and human urine. Then, we describe the physical behaviour of these crystals in the presence of: cysteamine, sodium bicarbonate, captopril, tiopronin, penicillamine, glutathione and α-lipoic acid. Surprisingly, we observe that, <em>in vitro</em>, only cysteamine and saturated sodium bicarbonate dissolve crystals at a faster rate than saline, and that when solution pH is adjusted to physiological conditions, crystal dissolution for all agents is reduced to the rate of saline alone. We highlight that the conventional hypothesis of mixed disulphide formation in cysteamine is not the fastest mechanism of cystine dissolution, but rather that cystine dissolution (in the order of hours) is dominated by pH effects. This, combined with cysteamine's ability to take part in disulfide exchange reactions may explain cysteamine's effectiveness in this condition. Overall, our findings not only contribute to an understanding of cystinuria pathogenesis but also offer insights into how we should evaluate emerging treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142398758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) offers many advantages and is widely used in coatings, leathers, adhesives, biomaterials, and other consumer products. However, WPU is highly flammable. Many reactive flame retardants have been developed, but their char formation efficiency is still unsatisfactory, and the melt dripping during combustion has not been effectively suppressed. In this paper, a novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant with dihydroxy groups, (6-((4-hydroxyphenyl)((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)methyl) dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide) (PHAD), was successfully synthesized and incorporated into WPU molecular chain as a chain extender, thereby synthesizing a series of non-ionic flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane (NFRWPU) emulsions. The chemical structure of NFRWPU was successfully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. With the help of a thermogravimetric analyzer, scanning electron microscope and other instruments, some key performance parameters of NFRWPU in applications were investigated, including: physical, mechanical, and thermal stability and flammability. Some important experimental results include: both the particle size and viscosity of the emulsion increase gradually with increasing PHAD content, and when the PHAD content reaches 12%, the average particle size of emulsion increases to 106.6 nm with a viscosity of 89 mPa s; with the addition of PHAD, the tensile strength of NFRWPU initially increased and then decreased, while the elongation at break showed a continuous downward trend. The maximum tensile strength reached 22.63 MPa, and the minimum elongation at break dropped to 1060%; the addition of PHAD improved the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the film, with the highest limiting oxygen index value reaching 25.6% and the maximum carbon residue increasing to 6.5%. All these results indicate that NFRWPU is a promising flame retardant WPU considering the comprehensive performance.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of non-ionic flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane","authors":"Hongping Tong, Weimin Wang, Gui Wang, Xiaojun Wang, Dongmei Yu, Bajin Chen and Kemei Pei","doi":"10.1039/D4RA05873A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4RA05873A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) offers many advantages and is widely used in coatings, leathers, adhesives, biomaterials, and other consumer products. However, WPU is highly flammable. Many reactive flame retardants have been developed, but their char formation efficiency is still unsatisfactory, and the melt dripping during combustion has not been effectively suppressed. In this paper, a novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant with dihydroxy groups, (6-((4-hydroxyphenyl)((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)methyl) dibenzo[<em>c</em>,<em>e</em>][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide) (PHAD), was successfully synthesized and incorporated into WPU molecular chain as a chain extender, thereby synthesizing a series of non-ionic flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane (NFRWPU) emulsions. The chemical structure of NFRWPU was successfully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. With the help of a thermogravimetric analyzer, scanning electron microscope and other instruments, some key performance parameters of NFRWPU in applications were investigated, including: physical, mechanical, and thermal stability and flammability. Some important experimental results include: both the particle size and viscosity of the emulsion increase gradually with increasing PHAD content, and when the PHAD content reaches 12%, the average particle size of emulsion increases to 106.6 nm with a viscosity of 89 mPa s; with the addition of PHAD, the tensile strength of NFRWPU initially increased and then decreased, while the elongation at break showed a continuous downward trend. The maximum tensile strength reached 22.63 MPa, and the minimum elongation at break dropped to 1060%; the addition of PHAD improved the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the film, with the highest limiting oxygen index value reaching 25.6% and the maximum carbon residue increasing to 6.5%. All these results indicate that NFRWPU is a promising flame retardant WPU considering the comprehensive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142398762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Droplet-based microfluidic systems have received much attention as promising tools for fabricating monodisperse microspheres of alginate solutions with high accuracy and reproducibility. The immediate and simple ionotropic gelation of alginate, its biocompatibility, and its tunability of mechanical properties make it a favorable hydrogel in the biomedical and tissue engineering fields. In these fields, micron-sized alginate hydrogel spheres have shown high potential as cell vehicles and drug delivery systems. Although on-chip microfluidic gelation of the produced alginate droplets is common, several challenges remain. Complicated chemical and microfabrication processes are required, and the risk of microchannel clogging is high. In the current study, we present an easy-to-use microfluidic external gelation process to produce highly spherical and monodisperse microspheres from very low-concentrated alginate-RGD solution [0.5% (w/v)]. To accomplish this, gelatin, a thermo-sensitive and inexpensive biomaterial, was incorporated into the alginate solution as a sacrificial biomaterial that mediates the off-chip external gelation of the alginate with Ca2+, and avoids droplet coalescence. Utilizing the methodology mentioned above, we successfully generated monodisperse alginate microspheres (AMs) with diameters ranging from 27 μm to 46 μm, with a coefficient of variation of 0.14, from a mixture of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-modified very low viscosity alginate and gelatin. These RGD-AMs were used as microcarriers for human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The described easy-to-use and cost-effective microfluidic off-chip external gelation strategy exhibits comparable advantages to on-chip external gelation and demonstrates superiority over the latter since clogging is impossible.
{"title":"Thermo-controlled microfluidic generation of monodisperse alginate microspheres based on external gelation†","authors":"Saray Chen, Tal Shahar and Smadar Cohen","doi":"10.1039/D4RA07049F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA07049F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Droplet-based microfluidic systems have received much attention as promising tools for fabricating monodisperse microspheres of alginate solutions with high accuracy and reproducibility. The immediate and simple ionotropic gelation of alginate, its biocompatibility, and its tunability of mechanical properties make it a favorable hydrogel in the biomedical and tissue engineering fields. In these fields, micron-sized alginate hydrogel spheres have shown high potential as cell vehicles and drug delivery systems. Although on-chip microfluidic gelation of the produced alginate droplets is common, several challenges remain. Complicated chemical and microfabrication processes are required, and the risk of microchannel clogging is high. In the current study, we present an easy-to-use microfluidic external gelation process to produce highly spherical and monodisperse microspheres from very low-concentrated alginate-RGD solution [0.5% (w/v)]. To accomplish this, gelatin, a thermo-sensitive and inexpensive biomaterial, was incorporated into the alginate solution as a sacrificial biomaterial that mediates the off-chip external gelation of the alginate with Ca<small><sup>2+</sup></small>, and avoids droplet coalescence. Utilizing the methodology mentioned above, we successfully generated monodisperse alginate microspheres (AMs) with diameters ranging from 27 μm to 46 μm, with a coefficient of variation of 0.14, from a mixture of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-modified very low viscosity alginate and gelatin. These RGD-AMs were used as microcarriers for human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The described easy-to-use and cost-effective microfluidic off-chip external gelation strategy exhibits comparable advantages to on-chip external gelation and demonstrates superiority over the latter since clogging is impossible.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ra/d4ra07049f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maubashera Nawaz, Sofia Hayat, Umer Farooq, Muhammad Adnan Iqbal, Syed Haroon Khalid, Tan Wen Nee, Kooi Yeong Khaw, Rabia Munir and Muhammad Umar Ijaz
The current study focuses on assessing the activity of the N-alkylated benzimidazole based cubosomal hydrogel (cubogel) for the topical treatment of burn wounds. The study involves the synthesis of six benzimidazole derivatives (1–6) and their characterization by FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The further study involves the design and formation of nanoparticles known as cubosomes loaded with selected 1-benzyl-1-benzimidazole (API 6) and the development of a cubogel for the topical treatment of burn wounds. Cubosomes were prepared by the homogenization method, using glyceryl monooleate (GMO) as a lipid polymer and poloxamer 407 (P407) as a surfactant. Cubosomes undergo in vitro characterizations (measurement of particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), % entrapment efficiency, drug release in phosphate buffer saline of pH 6.8, and surface morphology by utilizing TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Formulation D3 (2.5% of GMO, 1% of P407, and 2.5% of PVA) emerged as the optimized formulation, displaying a minimum particle size (PS) of 129.9 ± 1 nm, entrapment efficiency (%EE) of 96.67 ± 0.89%, and a drug release of 86 ± 2.7% at 24 h. Carbopol 940 hydrogel was prepared and incorporated with the optimized formulation to prepare cubogel. This optimized cubogel provided 92.56 ± 0.014% in vitro drug release within 24 h. An in vivo histopathological study was conducted on an animal model (rabbit) to assess the efficacy of cubogel in wound healing and wound contraction. Then cubogel was compared with the commercially available creams Clotrimazole® and Polyfax®. The wound treated with newly developed cubogel has maximum wound contraction (96.70%) as compared to the standard creams. The findings revealed that the newly formulated cubogel was highly effective in treating burns, showing superior performance to commercial products without inducing side effects. Additionally, benzimidazole derivative loaded cubogel caused a sustained release for treating burn wounds without any bacterial infections. The current results further suggested phase 0 clinical trials.
{"title":"Development of N-alkylated benzimidazole based cubosome hydrogel for topical treatment of burns†","authors":"Maubashera Nawaz, Sofia Hayat, Umer Farooq, Muhammad Adnan Iqbal, Syed Haroon Khalid, Tan Wen Nee, Kooi Yeong Khaw, Rabia Munir and Muhammad Umar Ijaz","doi":"10.1039/D4RA04816D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA04816D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The current study focuses on assessing the activity of the <em>N</em>-alkylated benzimidazole based cubosomal hydrogel (cubogel) for the topical treatment of burn wounds. The study involves the synthesis of six benzimidazole derivatives (<strong>1–6</strong>) and their characterization by FT-IR and <small><sup>1</sup></small>H and <small><sup>13</sup></small>C NMR spectroscopy. The further study involves the design and formation of nanoparticles known as cubosomes loaded with selected 1-benzyl-1-benzimidazole (API <strong>6</strong>) and the development of a cubogel for the topical treatment of burn wounds. Cubosomes were prepared by the homogenization method, using glyceryl monooleate (GMO) as a lipid polymer and poloxamer 407 (P407) as a surfactant. Cubosomes undergo <em>in vitro</em> characterizations (measurement of particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), % entrapment efficiency, drug release in phosphate buffer saline of pH 6.8, and surface morphology by utilizing TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Formulation D3 (2.5% of GMO, 1% of P407, and 2.5% of PVA) emerged as the optimized formulation, displaying a minimum particle size (PS) of 129.9 ± 1 nm, entrapment efficiency (%EE) of 96.67 ± 0.89%, and a drug release of 86 ± 2.7% at 24 h. Carbopol 940 hydrogel was prepared and incorporated with the optimized formulation to prepare cubogel. This optimized cubogel provided 92.56 ± 0.014% <em>in vitro</em> drug release within 24 h. An <em>in vivo</em> histopathological study was conducted on an animal model (rabbit) to assess the efficacy of cubogel in wound healing and wound contraction. Then cubogel was compared with the commercially available creams Clotrimazole® and Polyfax®. The wound treated with newly developed cubogel has maximum wound contraction (96.70%) as compared to the standard creams. The findings revealed that the newly formulated cubogel was highly effective in treating burns, showing superior performance to commercial products without inducing side effects. Additionally, benzimidazole derivative loaded cubogel caused a sustained release for treating burn wounds without any bacterial infections. The current results further suggested phase 0 clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ra/d4ra04816d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahtab Yaghubzadeh, Sedigheh Alavinia and Ramin Ghorbani-Vaghei
Correction for ‘A sustainable protocol for selective alcohols oxidation using a novel iron-based metal organic framework (MOF-BASU1)’ by Mahtab Yaghubzadeh et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 24639–24648, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA03058J.
[此处更正了文章 DOI:10.1039/D3RA03058J]。
{"title":"Correction: A sustainable protocol for selective alcohols oxidation using a novel iron-based metal organic framework (MOF-BASU1)","authors":"Mahtab Yaghubzadeh, Sedigheh Alavinia and Ramin Ghorbani-Vaghei","doi":"10.1039/D4RA90122C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4RA90122C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘A sustainable protocol for selective alcohols oxidation using a novel iron-based metal organic framework (MOF-BASU1)’ by Mahtab Yaghubzadeh <em>et al.</em>, <em>RSC Adv.</em>, 2023, <strong>13</strong>, 24639–24648, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA03058J.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142398757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}