This study reviews three classic international business theories and some related empirical studies to identify the gaps in the literature and suggest future research directions. In international business studies, most analyses on the determinants of FDI are centered on three concepts of firm-specific, internalization, and location advantages according to the monopolistic advantage theory, internalization theory, and OLI paradigm. These three advantages determine whether a firm will internationalize, how it will enter foreign markets, where it will locate in the host country, and how it will perform in a foreign market. However, These theories are set up with the premise of firm-specific advantages and cannot be used to explain the phenomenon of emerging market multinational enterprises, which have emerged in large numbers in recent years. Simultaneously, these theories, which focus on manufacturing, need to be used to explain the internationalization of the service industry in-depth and with greater relevance.
{"title":"Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment and the Advantages Theory","authors":"Shijie Li","doi":"10.4018/ijamtr.322772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.322772","url":null,"abstract":"This study reviews three classic international business theories and some related empirical studies to identify the gaps in the literature and suggest future research directions. In international business studies, most analyses on the determinants of FDI are centered on three concepts of firm-specific, internalization, and location advantages according to the monopolistic advantage theory, internalization theory, and OLI paradigm. These three advantages determine whether a firm will internationalize, how it will enter foreign markets, where it will locate in the host country, and how it will perform in a foreign market. However, These theories are set up with the premise of firm-specific advantages and cannot be used to explain the phenomenon of emerging market multinational enterprises, which have emerged in large numbers in recent years. Simultaneously, these theories, which focus on manufacturing, need to be used to explain the internationalization of the service industry in-depth and with greater relevance.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"6 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114047409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Higher education and universities have transformed due to the evolution of knowledge-based societies. This also led to the rise and growth of the “entrepreneurial university” concept. Factors that promote entrepreneurial universities include funding, self-reliance, academic freedom, better linkage to industry, innovation, provide employment, and promote social and economic development. Hence, worldwide, entrepreneurial universities are increasingly recognized as an important constituent to tackle fiscal and employment issues. However various reports and studies reflect that entrepreneurial universities have not achieved these objectives. That may be due to the challenges and lack of critical success factors (CSFs) understanding to be entrepreneurial university. Hence, adopting an exploratory approach with a systematic literature review this paper intends to focus on the challenges of entrepreneurial universities and identifies the CSFs to thrive as entrepreneurial universities, and provides recommendations to succeed as entrepreneurial universities.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Universities Challenges and Critical Success Factors to Thrive","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/ijamtr.300347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.300347","url":null,"abstract":"Higher education and universities have transformed due to the evolution of knowledge-based societies. This also led to the rise and growth of the “entrepreneurial university” concept. Factors that promote entrepreneurial universities include funding, self-reliance, academic freedom, better linkage to industry, innovation, provide employment, and promote social and economic development. Hence, worldwide, entrepreneurial universities are increasingly recognized as an important constituent to tackle fiscal and employment issues. However various reports and studies reflect that entrepreneurial universities have not achieved these objectives. That may be due to the challenges and lack of critical success factors (CSFs) understanding to be entrepreneurial university. Hence, adopting an exploratory approach with a systematic literature review this paper intends to focus on the challenges of entrepreneurial universities and identifies the CSFs to thrive as entrepreneurial universities, and provides recommendations to succeed as entrepreneurial universities.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128972933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online group buying has emerged as a new bargaining power for many shoppers and become more so as a result of increasingly growing popularity of social networking and community-based web sites. Aside from significant quantity discounts, these buying groups can also potentially influence the manufacturers and retailers on policies, product characteristics, and services. We propose an Online Group Buying Decision Framework to model the overall process of online group buying. We use a major group buying community web site in Taiwan, ihergo.com, to test our framework and conduct follow-up analysis. Based on the proposed framework, we design a survey study in an attempt to gain more insights on group buying communities, their activities, and culture within these communities. We then perform a path analysis, a special technique of structural equation modeling (SEM), to study the relationship among the factors used in the survey. Our findings provide useful advice for online group buying sites to attract customers and increase sales.
{"title":"A Path Analysis of Online Group Buying","authors":"Chih-Ping Chen, Yanbin Tu, Y. Tung","doi":"10.4018/ijamtr.288505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.288505","url":null,"abstract":"Online group buying has emerged as a new bargaining power for many shoppers and become more so as a result of increasingly growing popularity of social networking and community-based web sites. Aside from significant quantity discounts, these buying groups can also potentially influence the manufacturers and retailers on policies, product characteristics, and services. We propose an Online Group Buying Decision Framework to model the overall process of online group buying. We use a major group buying community web site in Taiwan, ihergo.com, to test our framework and conduct follow-up analysis. Based on the proposed framework, we design a survey study in an attempt to gain more insights on group buying communities, their activities, and culture within these communities. We then perform a path analysis, a special technique of structural equation modeling (SEM), to study the relationship among the factors used in the survey. Our findings provide useful advice for online group buying sites to attract customers and increase sales.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127042449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bringing a safe and effective pharmaceutical product or medical device to market requires an astonishing amount of time and money. This research features interviews with the Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), Chief Scientific Officers (CSOs) and Chief Medical Officers (CMOs) of many of the most successful life science firms in the USA with the goal of to capturing their thoughts on the recruitment of new hires. The executives screened candidates for emotional commitment as an essential quality to complete the long process of bench science, regulatory clearance and product positioning in the market. They sought to hire experienced team members who thought of set-backs as problems to be solved on the way to providing life-altering options for patients. These C-suite leaders needed to create a productive workplace culture, enhanced by a diverse group of professionals with a variety of experiences and temperaments. Participants noted that shared vision and resilience played a greater role in predicting performance than any particular skill-set discernible from a resume.
{"title":"Recruiting for Resilience","authors":"H. Meldrum","doi":"10.4018/ijamtr.288506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.288506","url":null,"abstract":"Bringing a safe and effective pharmaceutical product or medical device to market requires an astonishing amount of time and money. This research features interviews with the Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), Chief Scientific Officers (CSOs) and Chief Medical Officers (CMOs) of many of the most successful life science firms in the USA with the goal of to capturing their thoughts on the recruitment of new hires. The executives screened candidates for emotional commitment as an essential quality to complete the long process of bench science, regulatory clearance and product positioning in the market. They sought to hire experienced team members who thought of set-backs as problems to be solved on the way to providing life-altering options for patients. These C-suite leaders needed to create a productive workplace culture, enhanced by a diverse group of professionals with a variety of experiences and temperaments. Participants noted that shared vision and resilience played a greater role in predicting performance than any particular skill-set discernible from a resume.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127766942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates relationship between human resource management practices (HRM) and performance. This paper demonstrates how analysis to reveal relationship among dependent and independent variables in HRM-performance link can be done using artificial neural networks (ANN). Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used to produce ANN. It argues that HRM research should utilize the breadth of statistics available including data science statistics. This study utilizes positivist paradigmatic stance, descripto-explanatory research design, and survey methodology. Questionnaires were used in data collection. The study found that HRM practices are important in predicting financial and non-financial performance. Synergetic relationship among HRM practices was also found to predict financial and non-financial performance of financial cooperatives in Kenya. Apart from exploring HRM independent variables, their interrelationships must be explored and reported in literature.
{"title":"Linking Human Resource Management Practices and Firms' Performance Using Neural Networks","authors":"Shedrack Mbithi Mutua","doi":"10.4018/ijamtr.305113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.305113","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates relationship between human resource management practices (HRM) and performance. This paper demonstrates how analysis to reveal relationship among dependent and independent variables in HRM-performance link can be done using artificial neural networks (ANN). Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used to produce ANN. It argues that HRM research should utilize the breadth of statistics available including data science statistics. This study utilizes positivist paradigmatic stance, descripto-explanatory research design, and survey methodology. Questionnaires were used in data collection. The study found that HRM practices are important in predicting financial and non-financial performance. Synergetic relationship among HRM practices was also found to predict financial and non-financial performance of financial cooperatives in Kenya. Apart from exploring HRM independent variables, their interrelationships must be explored and reported in literature.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127407954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The decline of the Zimbabwean economy characterised by the high inflation rate has rendered it difficult for Zimbabwean manufacturing to retain talented employees. The quantitative research methodology was adopted in this paper. The sample size of the study comprised 100 respondents who were randomly selected from the manufacturing companies in Zimbabwe. The sample size of the study was made out of 10 managing directors 10 managers 10 supervisors and 70 employees drawn from the 50 manufacturing companies that were randomly selected. It was established that the companies are failing to retain talented employees and a lot of the employees are leaving the organisations. Retrenchments and restructurings have become the order of the day. The study recommended that employees needed to implement employee retention strategies to remain viable.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Employee Retention in Zimbabwean Companies","authors":"Gibbet Murambiwa Magaisa, A. Musundire","doi":"10.4018/ijamtr.288507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.288507","url":null,"abstract":"The decline of the Zimbabwean economy characterised by the high inflation rate has rendered it difficult for Zimbabwean manufacturing to retain talented employees. The quantitative research methodology was adopted in this paper. The sample size of the study comprised 100 respondents who were randomly selected from the manufacturing companies in Zimbabwe. The sample size of the study was made out of 10 managing directors 10 managers 10 supervisors and 70 employees drawn from the 50 manufacturing companies that were randomly selected. It was established that the companies are failing to retain talented employees and a lot of the employees are leaving the organisations. Retrenchments and restructurings have become the order of the day. The study recommended that employees needed to implement employee retention strategies to remain viable.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133732705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to assess the effectiveness and impact of Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle – ethos, pathos, and logos – to the behavior of consumers, focusing particularly on consumer product. Quantitative and qualitative methods including descriptive research design were used. 200 respondents from different specialization and year-levels participated in the study. Results shows that age has impact to influence respondent’s preference of Aristotle’s rhetorical appeals. However, specialization has no influence on respondents’ behavior towards Aristotle’s rhetorical appeals. 57% of the respondents perceived ethos appeal as the most effective appeal of persuasion. This finding could be due to culture, since Saudis valued trust and credibility. Entities that might be affected directly or indirectly of the findings will give them an idea on how to reach and persuade the target audiences. The classical Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle is the ancient art of persuasion still remains useful and applicable for the communication.
{"title":"Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle as Applied to Advertisements","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/ijamtr.300280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.300280","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess the effectiveness and impact of Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle – ethos, pathos, and logos – to the behavior of consumers, focusing particularly on consumer product. Quantitative and qualitative methods including descriptive research design were used. 200 respondents from different specialization and year-levels participated in the study. Results shows that age has impact to influence respondent’s preference of Aristotle’s rhetorical appeals. However, specialization has no influence on respondents’ behavior towards Aristotle’s rhetorical appeals. 57% of the respondents perceived ethos appeal as the most effective appeal of persuasion. This finding could be due to culture, since Saudis valued trust and credibility. Entities that might be affected directly or indirectly of the findings will give them an idea on how to reach and persuade the target audiences. The classical Aristotle’s rhetorical triangle is the ancient art of persuasion still remains useful and applicable for the communication.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129621682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Companies require building and maintaining customer relationships to achieve excellence in the digital age. Companies should be selective and should develop relationships with loyal and profitable customers and discourage unprofitable customers to continue doing business with them. Companies require developing interactive customer relationships which are mutually beneficial and understanding the growing importance of consumer-generated marketing in the digital age and online marketing domains in forming relationships. They should respect public policies like consumer security and privacy, have knowledge of customer rights, and respect those rights to win customer trust. Firms require developing customer preference programs to strengthen the bondage with passionate customers and to attract potential buyers and convert them into regular customers. All such strategies will help companies understand the shifting nature of customer relationships in the digital age, build in-depth customer relationships, succeed in the tough environment, and achieve business excellence in the digital age.
{"title":"Shifts in Customer Relationship","authors":"Pratap Chandra Mandal","doi":"10.4018/ijamtr.300277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.300277","url":null,"abstract":"Companies require building and maintaining customer relationships to achieve excellence in the digital age. Companies should be selective and should develop relationships with loyal and profitable customers and discourage unprofitable customers to continue doing business with them. Companies require developing interactive customer relationships which are mutually beneficial and understanding the growing importance of consumer-generated marketing in the digital age and online marketing domains in forming relationships. They should respect public policies like consumer security and privacy, have knowledge of customer rights, and respect those rights to win customer trust. Firms require developing customer preference programs to strengthen the bondage with passionate customers and to attract potential buyers and convert them into regular customers. All such strategies will help companies understand the shifting nature of customer relationships in the digital age, build in-depth customer relationships, succeed in the tough environment, and achieve business excellence in the digital age.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115300871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study compares the impacts of Covid-19 to past disease outbreaks, disruptive events, and examines the current effects of the pandemic in general and on the tourism industry in particular. It aims to discuss the impact on demand and supply of the tourism industry, examines the possible recovery of tourism industry, and opportunities to transform practices, norms, and procedures. It discusses about the opportunities for new firms to enter, opportunities for current firms, and strategies to combat the pandemic. A qualitative and a conceptual analysis of the literature on past disruptive events, effects of Covid-19 on tourism industry, and the possible recovery are performed. It predicts that the recovery of tourism industry will be slow. It suggests the roles to be played by various agencies, the need for changing products and experiences, importance of research, opportunities for market entry, and for making structural changes to the industry, and policy implications.
{"title":"COVID-19 and the Tourism Industry","authors":"Vikramaditya Kumar Taneja, Pratap Chandra Mandal","doi":"10.4018/ijamtr.300344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.300344","url":null,"abstract":"The study compares the impacts of Covid-19 to past disease outbreaks, disruptive events, and examines the current effects of the pandemic in general and on the tourism industry in particular. It aims to discuss the impact on demand and supply of the tourism industry, examines the possible recovery of tourism industry, and opportunities to transform practices, norms, and procedures. It discusses about the opportunities for new firms to enter, opportunities for current firms, and strategies to combat the pandemic. A qualitative and a conceptual analysis of the literature on past disruptive events, effects of Covid-19 on tourism industry, and the possible recovery are performed. It predicts that the recovery of tourism industry will be slow. It suggests the roles to be played by various agencies, the need for changing products and experiences, importance of research, opportunities for market entry, and for making structural changes to the industry, and policy implications.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124467835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourism being observed as a supply chain, this article describe its practices under a conceptual research framework with a special reference to education tourism. The author projects the education tourism as a continuum where both service supply chains of education and tourism are integrated. The research implication is directed towards the cross-sectoral objectives of communities involving the tourists, students and destination communities. The original thoughts and value propositions in this research are portrayed as a supply chain framework. Unlike goods supply chain management, the service supply chain of education tourism grows complex due to the coexistence of the overlapping service objectives for education and tourism. Education tourism deals with students and tourists frequently interchanging their roles; leveraging the services of the vendors and outsourced partners. The increasing complexity of education tourism demands smart technology applications to manage it as an integrated total supply chain.
{"title":"Supply Chain View of Tourism","authors":"B. Panda","doi":"10.4018/ijamtr.288504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.288504","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism being observed as a supply chain, this article describe its practices under a conceptual research framework with a special reference to education tourism. The author projects the education tourism as a continuum where both service supply chains of education and tourism are integrated. The research implication is directed towards the cross-sectoral objectives of communities involving the tourists, students and destination communities. The original thoughts and value propositions in this research are portrayed as a supply chain framework. Unlike goods supply chain management, the service supply chain of education tourism grows complex due to the coexistence of the overlapping service objectives for education and tourism. Education tourism deals with students and tourists frequently interchanging their roles; leveraging the services of the vendors and outsourced partners. The increasing complexity of education tourism demands smart technology applications to manage it as an integrated total supply chain.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125485253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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