Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070104
M. N. Rahman, B. Iqbal
Islam promotes charity both at an individual as well as at the community/society level. Charity has been almost a moral issue rather than an economic one though it affects the society in terms of economics. Mainstream economics has ignored the application of charity model and how it can result in reducing economic disparities. Unfortunately, charity has been ignored by researchers in the context of it being an economic entity. In 2015, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) pinpointed the persisting issue of global income inequality and gave thumbs down to the populist approach of “trickle-down economics.” This study aims to theoretically examine how the concept of charity addresses the issue of global income inequality and denies trickle-down economics. The evidence suggest that countries can minimize income inequality by mobilizing the concept of charity. The concept of charity can result in a huge amount of transfers from the upper 10% to the lower 10% of the income bracket.
{"title":"Global Income Inequality, Trickle-Down Economics, and Charity in Islamic Economics","authors":"M. N. Rahman, B. Iqbal","doi":"10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070104","url":null,"abstract":"Islam promotes charity both at an individual as well as at the community/society level. Charity has been almost a moral issue rather than an economic one though it affects the society in terms of economics. Mainstream economics has ignored the application of charity model and how it can result in reducing economic disparities. Unfortunately, charity has been ignored by researchers in the context of it being an economic entity. In 2015, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) pinpointed the persisting issue of global income inequality and gave thumbs down to the populist approach of “trickle-down economics.” This study aims to theoretically examine how the concept of charity addresses the issue of global income inequality and denies trickle-down economics. The evidence suggest that countries can minimize income inequality by mobilizing the concept of charity. The concept of charity can result in a huge amount of transfers from the upper 10% to the lower 10% of the income bracket.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134444473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070103
Gibbet Murambiwa Magaisa, A. Musundire
The paper is focused at addressing lack of commitment challenges by the consultants as a result of ineffectiveness of transformational leadership and other motivation factors at the management consulting firms in Gauteng Province, South Africa. A Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationship that exists between transformational leadership and consultants' commitment variables. The sample size of the study was 100 respondents who were randomly selected from the 50 management consulting firms in Gauteng Province. The study reflected that there is an existence of a significant relationship between transformational leadership and consultants' commitment. The study recommended that leadership in management consultancy firms should embrace the transformational leadership style in order to enhance the commitment of the consultants. The consulting firms should put relevant policies and procedures that are targeted to meet the well-being of the consultants in order to retain and establish a strong dedicated team of professionals.
{"title":"Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Commitment of Consultants in South African Management Consulting Firms","authors":"Gibbet Murambiwa Magaisa, A. Musundire","doi":"10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070103","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is focused at addressing lack of commitment challenges by the consultants as a result of ineffectiveness of transformational leadership and other motivation factors at the management consulting firms in Gauteng Province, South Africa. A Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationship that exists between transformational leadership and consultants' commitment variables. The sample size of the study was 100 respondents who were randomly selected from the 50 management consulting firms in Gauteng Province. The study reflected that there is an existence of a significant relationship between transformational leadership and consultants' commitment. The study recommended that leadership in management consultancy firms should embrace the transformational leadership style in order to enhance the commitment of the consultants. The consulting firms should put relevant policies and procedures that are targeted to meet the well-being of the consultants in order to retain and establish a strong dedicated team of professionals.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122966643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070102
Mostafa Sayyadi Ghasabeh
This research contributes to the fields of knowledge management, transformational leadership, as well as information technology. This article presents the theoretical underpinnings of the framework together with a thorough review of the literature. This research indicates that there is a positive relationship between transformational leadership, knowledge management, and firm performance. The synthesis of the literature also lends support for the mediating role of information technology in the relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge management.
{"title":"Making an Impact Through Information Technology","authors":"Mostafa Sayyadi Ghasabeh","doi":"10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070102","url":null,"abstract":"This research contributes to the fields of knowledge management, transformational leadership, as well as information technology. This article presents the theoretical underpinnings of the framework together with a thorough review of the literature. This research indicates that there is a positive relationship between transformational leadership, knowledge management, and firm performance. The synthesis of the literature also lends support for the mediating role of information technology in the relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge management.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130639947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070105
N. Baporikar
Poverty reduction and economic development are the focus of both developed and developing countries. Internationally, cooperatives make an immense contribution to poverty reduction and economic development. However, in Namibia, agricultural cooperatives have not done much in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify and analyze the elements of the agricultural cooperative model as an organizational mechanism for poverty reduction and economic development. Adopting a qualitative approach with a cross-section case method as a research design, the study intends to address the research question: What are the strategies that can be implemented based on the best practices and elements of the cooperative advantage in the agricultural cooperative model as an organizational mechanism for poverty reduction for economic development? Findings reveal that cooperatives still face numerous challenges and recommendations include government and other stakeholders' support mechanisms for the provision of capital, training, and land acquisition.
{"title":"Cooperative Model as Organizational Mechanism for Poverty Reduction and Economic Development","authors":"N. Baporikar","doi":"10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAMTR.2021070105","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty reduction and economic development are the focus of both developed and developing countries. Internationally, cooperatives make an immense contribution to poverty reduction and economic development. However, in Namibia, agricultural cooperatives have not done much in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify and analyze the elements of the agricultural cooperative model as an organizational mechanism for poverty reduction and economic development. Adopting a qualitative approach with a cross-section case method as a research design, the study intends to address the research question: What are the strategies that can be implemented based on the best practices and elements of the cooperative advantage in the agricultural cooperative model as an organizational mechanism for poverty reduction for economic development? Findings reveal that cooperatives still face numerous challenges and recommendations include government and other stakeholders' support mechanisms for the provision of capital, training, and land acquisition.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124984833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.4018/ijamtr.2020070101
Francis Donkor, Isaac Sekyere
Criticisms of bureaucratic leadership in the public sector literature are increasing, and as such, a growing number of scholars in public administration are calling for a more complex and conceptually sound theoretical models of leadership that are collaborative and reduce the power of the leader and create hybrid governance models. With a multifaceted perspective, detailed conceptual underpinning and a growing body of empirical study support complexity leadership theory (CLT) as a potential to address many of the issues where an individual is seen to possess all the knowledge in the organizational goals. The intent for proposing the importation of CLT in PSOs is to offer a paradigm for thinking about leadership to explore issues that confound those from the traditional view to the shared and adaptive leadership process. In conclusion, the HR practitioners within the entity should be seen to be responsible for their actions. Therefore, adopting complexity leadership theory in today's PSOs will enhance the performance of employees.
{"title":"Importing Complexity Leadership Theory Into Bureaucratic Organizations in Non-Western Environments","authors":"Francis Donkor, Isaac Sekyere","doi":"10.4018/ijamtr.2020070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijamtr.2020070101","url":null,"abstract":"Criticisms of bureaucratic leadership in the public sector literature are increasing, and as such, a growing number of scholars in public administration are calling for a more complex and conceptually sound theoretical models of leadership that are collaborative and reduce the power of the leader and create hybrid governance models. With a multifaceted perspective, detailed conceptual underpinning and a growing body of empirical study support complexity leadership theory (CLT) as a potential to address many of the issues where an individual is seen to possess all the knowledge in the organizational goals. The intent for proposing the importation of CLT in PSOs is to offer a paradigm for thinking about leadership to explore issues that confound those from the traditional view to the shared and adaptive leadership process. In conclusion, the HR practitioners within the entity should be seen to be responsible for their actions. Therefore, adopting complexity leadership theory in today's PSOs will enhance the performance of employees.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"403 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115992511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJAMTR.2019070103
N. Gupta, Ashish Kumar
This study investigates the long-term and short-term relationships between selected macroeconomic variables and the selected Indian stock market sector indices over the period of 2010 to 2017. The Johansen Co-integration Test, the Vector error correction model (VECM), is applied to calculate the long-term and short-term relationship between sector indices and macroeconomic variables. It is found that stock prices are exposed to macroeconomic factors, but the level of sensitivity is different in different sectors. Out of five sectors taken in the study, it is found that only the realty sector has long run relationship with macroeconomic variables. Other sectors have no long run relationship with macroeconomic variables. Along with this, it is also found that the Auto index has a significant short-term positive relationship with gold prices and the FMCG sector index has a significant short-term positive relationship with industrial production. The consumer price index and exchange rate have significant short run relationship with realty sector index.
{"title":"Dynamic Relationship Between Stock Market Sector Indices and Macroeconomic Variables in India","authors":"N. Gupta, Ashish Kumar","doi":"10.4018/IJAMTR.2019070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAMTR.2019070103","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the long-term and short-term relationships between selected macroeconomic variables and the selected Indian stock market sector indices over the period of 2010 to 2017. The Johansen Co-integration Test, the Vector error correction model (VECM), is applied to calculate the long-term and short-term relationship between sector indices and macroeconomic variables. It is found that stock prices are exposed to macroeconomic factors, but the level of sensitivity is different in different sectors. Out of five sectors taken in the study, it is found that only the realty sector has long run relationship with macroeconomic variables. Other sectors have no long run relationship with macroeconomic variables. Along with this, it is also found that the Auto index has a significant short-term positive relationship with gold prices and the FMCG sector index has a significant short-term positive relationship with industrial production. The consumer price index and exchange rate have significant short run relationship with realty sector index.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122192711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJAMTR.2019070104
M. A. Musadieq
This research aims to analyse the influence of family pressure, family involvement, work-family conflict, and job satisfaction toward the family satisfaction. Design/Method: This research uses quantitative research method. The sample of this research is 100 respondent. Family pressure has negative and significant impact on family satisfaction, family involvement has positive but not significant impact toward family satisfaction, work-family conflict has negative and significant impact toward the family satisfaction, job satisfaction has positive and significant effect toward family satisfaction, work pressure has a negative and significant effect toward job satisfaction, job involvement has positive but insignificant effect toward job satisfaction, the work-family conflict has negative and significant impact toward job satisfaction, family satisfaction has positive and significant impact toward job satisfaction. This research becomes a unique one because the other previous researchers did not set a requirement for respondents with more than two children.
{"title":"Antecedent Variable of Job Satisfaction and Family Satisfaction and Its Effect on the Intention to Quit","authors":"M. A. Musadieq","doi":"10.4018/IJAMTR.2019070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAMTR.2019070104","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to analyse the influence of family pressure, family involvement, work-family conflict, and job satisfaction toward the family satisfaction. Design/Method: This research uses quantitative research method. The sample of this research is 100 respondent. Family pressure has negative and significant impact on family satisfaction, family involvement has positive but not significant impact toward family satisfaction, work-family conflict has negative and significant impact toward the family satisfaction, job satisfaction has positive and significant effect toward family satisfaction, work pressure has a negative and significant effect toward job satisfaction, job involvement has positive but insignificant effect toward job satisfaction, the work-family conflict has negative and significant impact toward job satisfaction, family satisfaction has positive and significant impact toward job satisfaction. This research becomes a unique one because the other previous researchers did not set a requirement for respondents with more than two children.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121171205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJAMTR.2019070102
Pratap Chandra Mandal
Companies adopt pricing policies which maximize their revenues and profits generated. Sometimes, those pricing policies are not fair. The major public policy issues include unfair pricing practices within distribution channel levels such as price-fixing and predatory pricing, and across distribution channel levels such as retail price maintenance, deceptive pricing, and discriminatory pricing. Companies also set dynamic pricing. They set high prices for products to cover distribution costs, advertising and promotion costs, and excessive markups to generate extra revenues. Companies try adopting fair pricing policies. Laws and regulations are enforced to ensure it and that customers are benefited. However, sometimes it is difficult to ensure the legal and ethical aspects of pricing practices. Both governments and companies should be aware about the social goods used by customers and their pricing implications. Proper understanding and implementation of pricing policies will benefit both companies and customers and help in developing long-term customer relationships.
{"title":"Public Policy Issues in Pricing","authors":"Pratap Chandra Mandal","doi":"10.4018/IJAMTR.2019070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAMTR.2019070102","url":null,"abstract":"Companies adopt pricing policies which maximize their revenues and profits generated. Sometimes, those pricing policies are not fair. The major public policy issues include unfair pricing practices within distribution channel levels such as price-fixing and predatory pricing, and across distribution channel levels such as retail price maintenance, deceptive pricing, and discriminatory pricing. Companies also set dynamic pricing. They set high prices for products to cover distribution costs, advertising and promotion costs, and excessive markups to generate extra revenues. Companies try adopting fair pricing policies. Laws and regulations are enforced to ensure it and that customers are benefited. However, sometimes it is difficult to ensure the legal and ethical aspects of pricing practices. Both governments and companies should be aware about the social goods used by customers and their pricing implications. Proper understanding and implementation of pricing policies will benefit both companies and customers and help in developing long-term customer relationships.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115956858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/IJAMTR.2019010104
Halima Zaman
A person's turning into a brand means his entire process of becoming a distinguished personality in terms of career or other extraordinary talent. The main purpose of the study is to identify the brand personality traits in a musician and also to identify the scopes and the limitations in the past and future he had and will have being turned into a distinct brand personality. The study has shown the elements of sincerity, competence and sophistication of brand personality traits based on a particular musician. The study also discussed the scopes and limitations of a musician while turning into and being brand. Measuring the existence of the brand elements like memorable, likable, meaningful, adoptable, and so forth in a musician is also a concern of the study. The reason behind focusing on a musician's turning into a brand is to demonstrate the knowledge regarding personal branding and make people learn via this study that a person can be a brand on the basis of his perseverance and hard work regardless of how often obstacles occur in his life. The researchers have attempted to make a contribution to different branding issues and personal branding and shift people's perspective regarding study from product or service to a human behavior or personality.
{"title":"Turning a Person Into a Brand","authors":"Halima Zaman","doi":"10.4018/IJAMTR.2019010104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAMTR.2019010104","url":null,"abstract":"A person's turning into a brand means his entire process of becoming a distinguished personality in terms of career or other extraordinary talent. The main purpose of the study is to identify the brand personality traits in a musician and also to identify the scopes and the limitations in the past and future he had and will have being turned into a distinct brand personality. The study has shown the elements of sincerity, competence and sophistication of brand personality traits based on a particular musician. The study also discussed the scopes and limitations of a musician while turning into and being brand. Measuring the existence of the brand elements like memorable, likable, meaningful, adoptable, and so forth in a musician is also a concern of the study. The reason behind focusing on a musician's turning into a brand is to demonstrate the knowledge regarding personal branding and make people learn via this study that a person can be a brand on the basis of his perseverance and hard work regardless of how often obstacles occur in his life. The researchers have attempted to make a contribution to different branding issues and personal branding and shift people's perspective regarding study from product or service to a human behavior or personality.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133633530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/IJAMTR.2019010103
D. Burrell, Ashley Dattola, Maurice E. Dawson, C. Nobles
The growth and development of cybersecurity jobs and careers have created a need for new skilled faculty that can effectively teach the appropriate content to students at all levels. Often instructors are hired based on their academic credentials and professional experience without the use of assessment and faculty development methods to discover if these instructors can teach effectively or even improve the way they teach. Effective instructors have the ability constructively adjust teaching approaches when students are excelling or struggling based on skillful observation and constant assessment. If a student learns something with great ease, perhaps that approach would be of benefit to others. Part of what helps novices develop expertise here is their explicit attempt to understand how and why something works for students. The implementation and use of microteaching can provide a quality improvement approach to help cybersecurity instructors on all levels improve their ability to teach effectively.
{"title":"A Practical Exploration of Cybersecurity Faculty Development With Microteaching","authors":"D. Burrell, Ashley Dattola, Maurice E. Dawson, C. Nobles","doi":"10.4018/IJAMTR.2019010103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJAMTR.2019010103","url":null,"abstract":"The growth and development of cybersecurity jobs and careers have created a need for new skilled faculty that can effectively teach the appropriate content to students at all levels. Often instructors are hired based on their academic credentials and professional experience without the use of assessment and faculty development methods to discover if these instructors can teach effectively or even improve the way they teach. Effective instructors have the ability constructively adjust teaching approaches when students are excelling or struggling based on skillful observation and constant assessment. If a student learns something with great ease, perhaps that approach would be of benefit to others. Part of what helps novices develop expertise here is their explicit attempt to understand how and why something works for students. The implementation and use of microteaching can provide a quality improvement approach to help cybersecurity instructors on all levels improve their ability to teach effectively.","PeriodicalId":103226,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Management Theory and Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130394767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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