We combine firm-level innovation data with area-level Census data to examine the relationship between local workforce characteristics, especially the presence of immigrants and local skills, and the likelihood of innovation by firms. We examine a range of innovation outcomes, and test the relationship for selected subgroups of firms. We find a positive relationship between local workforce characteristics and average innovation outcomes in labour market areas, but this is accounted for by variation in firm characteristics such as firm size, industry, and research and development expenditure. Controlling for these influences, we find no systematic evidence of an independent link between local workforce characteristics and innovation.
{"title":"Immigration and Innovation","authors":"David C. Maré, R. Fabling, S. Stillman","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1851871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1851871","url":null,"abstract":"We combine firm-level innovation data with area-level Census data to examine the relationship between local workforce characteristics, especially the presence of immigrants and local skills, and the likelihood of innovation by firms. We examine a range of innovation outcomes, and test the relationship for selected subgroups of firms. We find a positive relationship between local workforce characteristics and average innovation outcomes in labour market areas, but this is accounted for by variation in firm characteristics such as firm size, industry, and research and development expenditure. Controlling for these influences, we find no systematic evidence of an independent link between local workforce characteristics and innovation.","PeriodicalId":103805,"journal":{"name":"Innovation & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125664583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the social impacts of the development of science, technology and innovation indicators. The approach deals separately with the development process and with the use of the indicators that result. Underlying the discussion is an assumption that indicators are a technology, a product, which governs behaviour, is modified by users (outside of the producer community), and develops in response to user needs. Science and technology indicators are considered separately from innovation indicators, and the importance of language based on codified and tacit knowledge is emphasized. The knowledge is codified in manuals, and the tacit knowledge is held in overlapping communities of practice that develop the manuals, gather the data, produce the indicators and use them. Finally, there is a discussion of how this process changes and renews itself.
{"title":"Social Impacts of the Development of Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators","authors":"F. Gault","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1949172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1949172","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the social impacts of the development of science, technology and innovation indicators. The approach deals separately with the development process and with the use of the indicators that result. Underlying the discussion is an assumption that indicators are a technology, a product, which governs behaviour, is modified by users (outside of the producer community), and develops in response to user needs. Science and technology indicators are considered separately from innovation indicators, and the importance of language based on codified and tacit knowledge is emphasized. The knowledge is codified in manuals, and the tacit knowledge is held in overlapping communities of practice that develop the manuals, gather the data, produce the indicators and use them. Finally, there is a discussion of how this process changes and renews itself.","PeriodicalId":103805,"journal":{"name":"Innovation & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130023425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-07DOI: 10.1504/IJTM.2010.035861
Andreas Kuckertz, Marko Kohtamaki, Cornelia Dröge
This paper explores the role of the two dimensions of ambidextrous strategic management (exploration and exploitation) on technology-oriented ventures’ innovation and company level performance. Based on a representative sample of German venture capital backed technology start-ups from various innovative industries, we are able to provide support for the oftstated assumption that the ambidexterity strategy positively influences performance. Results indicate, that both explorative and exploitative activity add to the overall success of innovation projects which consequently influence overall firm performance positively. Moreover, our data suggest that for technology-oriented ventures the timing of the second innovation project after start-up, i.e. the point in time when ventures become potentially ambidextrous, plays a decisive role.
{"title":"The Fast Eat the Slow - The Impact of Strategy and Innovation Timing on the Success of Technology-Oriented Ventures","authors":"Andreas Kuckertz, Marko Kohtamaki, Cornelia Dröge","doi":"10.1504/IJTM.2010.035861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2010.035861","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the role of the two dimensions of ambidextrous strategic management (exploration and exploitation) on technology-oriented ventures’ innovation and company level performance. Based on a representative sample of German venture capital backed technology start-ups from various innovative industries, we are able to provide support for the oftstated assumption that the ambidexterity strategy positively influences performance. Results indicate, that both explorative and exploitative activity add to the overall success of innovation projects which consequently influence overall firm performance positively. Moreover, our data suggest that for technology-oriented ventures the timing of the second innovation project after start-up, i.e. the point in time when ventures become potentially ambidextrous, plays a decisive role.","PeriodicalId":103805,"journal":{"name":"Innovation & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127722376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are numerous factors serving product innovation. Considering the importance of product innovation in terms of business development of companies as a whole, the goal of this study is to capture a series of variables that are important to product innovation in light of previous studies, and associates those factors with the Advanced Battery Project recently explored by HOPPECKE Batteries GmbH & Co. KG. Further, the study hammers at identifying competitive advantages of family firms over non-family firms through the analysis of bundle of resources and capabilities that are owned and controlled within the firm. Underlying the recognition of sustained competitive advantages coming from a different portfolio of firm resources, a model then is developed with involvement of both industrial environmental factors and resource-based influences on product innovation. Especially, HOPPECKE Batteries GmbH & Co. KG as a medium-sized family business, the bundle of resources it holds much benefit from family involvement, which is identified as “familiness”. It positively feeds the product innovation process with providing organizational capabilities.
{"title":"Identifying Factors that Drive Product Innovation in the Context of Family Firms","authors":"Yuanyuan Ge","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2278714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2278714","url":null,"abstract":"There are numerous factors serving product innovation. Considering the importance of product innovation in terms of business development of companies as a whole, the goal of this study is to capture a series of variables that are important to product innovation in light of previous studies, and associates those factors with the Advanced Battery Project recently explored by HOPPECKE Batteries GmbH & Co. KG. Further, the study hammers at identifying competitive advantages of family firms over non-family firms through the analysis of bundle of resources and capabilities that are owned and controlled within the firm. Underlying the recognition of sustained competitive advantages coming from a different portfolio of firm resources, a model then is developed with involvement of both industrial environmental factors and resource-based influences on product innovation. Especially, HOPPECKE Batteries GmbH & Co. KG as a medium-sized family business, the bundle of resources it holds much benefit from family involvement, which is identified as “familiness”. It positively feeds the product innovation process with providing organizational capabilities.","PeriodicalId":103805,"journal":{"name":"Innovation & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"290 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124183424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a model providing a feedback structure that clarifies the nature of the reinforcing processes involved in the development of trust through collaborating in a project. The feedback structure is grounded in data from a project where a prototype system was built, and it is consistent with the literature on trust, collaboration and diffusion of innovation. Four feedback processes are identified at the core of the development of trust and collaboration, two of them reinforcing in nature, and two of them counterbalancing in nature. Experiments with the model suggest that the initiation of a collaborative project with a new partner has the potential to have a slow start because of the lack of knowledge about the other parties. The initiation of the collaboration could be accelerated by shaping expectations of benefits of the project or by reducing the perception of risk associated with the project.
{"title":"Trust and Collaboration in Interagency Information Technology Projects","authors":"L. Luna-Reyes","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2122102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2122102","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a model providing a feedback structure that clarifies the nature of the reinforcing processes involved in the development of trust through collaborating in a project. The feedback structure is grounded in data from a project where a prototype system was built, and it is consistent with the literature on trust, collaboration and diffusion of innovation. Four feedback processes are identified at the core of the development of trust and collaboration, two of them reinforcing in nature, and two of them counterbalancing in nature. Experiments with the model suggest that the initiation of a collaborative project with a new partner has the potential to have a slow start because of the lack of knowledge about the other parties. The initiation of the collaboration could be accelerated by shaping expectations of benefits of the project or by reducing the perception of risk associated with the project.","PeriodicalId":103805,"journal":{"name":"Innovation & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"345 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133489126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-12-01DOI: 10.1287/MNSC.46.12.1513.12076
Pamela D. Morrison, John H. Roberts, E. von Hippel
It is known that end users of products and services sometimes innovate, and that innovations developed by users sometimes become the basis for important newcommercial products and services. It has also been argued and to some extent shown that such innovations will be found concentrated in a "lead user" segment of the user community. However, neither the characteristics of innovating users nor the scope of the community that they "lead" has been explored in depth.In this paper, we explore the characteristics of innovation, innovators, and innovation sharing by library users of OPAC information search systems in Australia. This market has capable users, but it is nonetheless clearly a "follower" with respect to worldwide technological advance. Wefind that 26% of users in this local market nonetheless do modify their OPACs in both major and minor ways, and that OPAC manufacturers judge many of these user modifications to be of commercial interest. We find that we can distinguish modifying from nonmodifying users on the basis of a number of factors, including their "leading-edge status" and their in-house technical capabilities. We find that many innovating users freely share their innovations with others, and find that we can distinguish users that share information about their modifications from users that do not. We conclude by considering some implications of our findings for idea generation practices in marketing.
{"title":"Determinants of User Innovation and Innovation Sharing in a Local Market","authors":"Pamela D. Morrison, John H. Roberts, E. von Hippel","doi":"10.1287/MNSC.46.12.1513.12076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1287/MNSC.46.12.1513.12076","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that end users of products and services sometimes innovate, and that innovations developed by users sometimes become the basis for important newcommercial products and services. It has also been argued and to some extent shown that such innovations will be found concentrated in a \"lead user\" segment of the user community. However, neither the characteristics of innovating users nor the scope of the community that they \"lead\" has been explored in depth.In this paper, we explore the characteristics of innovation, innovators, and innovation sharing by library users of OPAC information search systems in Australia. This market has capable users, but it is nonetheless clearly a \"follower\" with respect to worldwide technological advance. Wefind that 26% of users in this local market nonetheless do modify their OPACs in both major and minor ways, and that OPAC manufacturers judge many of these user modifications to be of commercial interest. We find that we can distinguish modifying from nonmodifying users on the basis of a number of factors, including their \"leading-edge status\" and their in-house technical capabilities. We find that many innovating users freely share their innovations with others, and find that we can distinguish users that share information about their modifications from users that do not. We conclude by considering some implications of our findings for idea generation practices in marketing.","PeriodicalId":103805,"journal":{"name":"Innovation & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131502661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As innovative employees become imperative for an organizations’ success, research identified job design as a crucial variable in promoting innovative work behavior (IWB) (Hammond et al., 2011). Using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model of Bakker & Demerouti (2007), this article contributes to the literature as it uses recent insights on the distinction between job challenges and job hindrances (Van den Broeck et al., 2010) and distinguishes between blue- and white-collar employees. Using survey data of 893 employees of various organizations the findings generally confirm the JD-R model, although important differences were found between blue-collar and white-collar employees regarding the relation of organizing and routine tasks with IWB. Job content insecurity further was found to be very detrimental for blue-collar IWB. These findings have important HR and political implications as they show that there is no ‘one size fits all’ HR solution for innovation.
随着创新员工成为组织成功的必要条件，研究发现工作设计是促进创新工作行为(IWB)的关键变量(Hammond等人，2011)。使用Bakker和Demerouti(2007)的工作需求-资源(JD-R)模型，本文对文献做出了贡献，因为它使用了关于工作挑战和工作障碍之间区别的最新见解(Van den Broeck等人，2010)，并区分了蓝领和白领员工。通过对不同组织的893名员工的调查数据，研究结果总体上证实了JD-R模型，尽管蓝领和白领员工在组织和日常任务与IWB的关系上存在重要差异。工作内容不安全感进一步被发现对蓝领IWB非常有害。这些发现具有重要的人力资源和政治意义，因为它们表明，没有“一刀切”的人力资源创新解决方案。
{"title":"Job Design and Innovative Work Behavior: One Size Does Not Fit All Types of Employees","authors":"Stan De Spiegelaere, Guy Van Gyes, G. Hootegem","doi":"10.7341/2012841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7341/2012841","url":null,"abstract":"As innovative employees become imperative for an organizations’ success, research identified job design as a crucial variable in promoting innovative work behavior (IWB) (Hammond et al., 2011). Using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model of Bakker & Demerouti (2007), this article contributes to the literature as it uses recent insights on the distinction between job challenges and job hindrances (Van den Broeck et al., 2010) and distinguishes between blue- and white-collar employees. Using survey data of 893 employees of various organizations the findings generally confirm the JD-R model, although important differences were found between blue-collar and white-collar employees regarding the relation of organizing and routine tasks with IWB. Job content insecurity further was found to be very detrimental for blue-collar IWB. These findings have important HR and political implications as they show that there is no ‘one size fits all’ HR solution for innovation.","PeriodicalId":103805,"journal":{"name":"Innovation & Organizational Behavior eJournal","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124012145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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