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Innovativeness and Church Commitment: What Innovations Were Most Important During the Pandemic? 创新与教会承诺:大流行期间哪些创新最重要?
Pub Date : 2021-09-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3930788
Anna Covarrubias, David R. Dunaetz, Wendi Dykes McGehee
The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented need for innovations in churches around the world. Organizational innovativeness, a precursor of successful innovations in organizational contexts, is rarely studied in churches. This study of American church attenders (N = 244) found that perceived innovativeness of churches (conceived of as the elements of a church’s culture which promote innovation, specifically, creativity, organizational openness, future orientation, risk-taking, and proactiveness) was a very strong predictor of church commitment (conceived of as intentions to stay in the church, r = .60, p < .001). Of the moderators examined in this study (membership tenure, age of participant, church size, and gender), only gender moderated this relationship; the relationship between perceived innovativeness and church commitment was stronger for females than for males. This suggests that innovations that facilitated relationship development and relationship maintenance had the greatest impact on church commitment during the pandemic.
COVID-19大流行给世界各地的教会带来了前所未有的创新需求。组织创新是组织环境中成功创新的前兆,但很少在教会中进行研究。这项对美国教会参与者(N = 244)的研究发现,教会的感知创新性(被认为是教会文化中促进创新的要素,特别是创造力、组织开放性、未来导向、冒险精神和主动性)是教会承诺(被认为是留在教会的意图,r = 0.60, p < 0.001)的一个非常强的预测因子。在本研究中考察的调节因素(成员任期、参与者年龄、教会规模和性别)中,只有性别调节了这种关系;感知创新与教会承诺之间的关系在女性中强于男性。这表明,在疫情期间,促进关系发展和关系维护的创新对教会承诺的影响最大。
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引用次数: 1
Firm-Level Determinants of Breakthrough Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review 突破性创新的企业层面决定因素:系统文献综述
Pub Date : 2019-09-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3454109
Ingo Stiller
The objective of this review was to search the literature for key firm-level determinants of breakthrough innovation in pharmaceutical companies. Understanding these determinants is of utmost importance in the pharmaceutical industry due to the high failure rates of research and development (R&D) projects in pursuit of new pharmaceutical drugs. Following a systematic literature review approach, I reviewed approximately 2,000 peer-reviewed journal articles and identified nine determinants of breakthrough innovation at a firm level. These determinants were related and, thus, grouped into two distinct categories of firm-level determinants of breakthrough innovation in pharmaceutical companies: R&D spend (particularly the investment in basic science) and market dominance. However, the empirical data in support of these determinants are limited and sometimes contradictory. Future research should address these limitations.
本综述的目的是搜索文献中制药公司突破性创新的关键公司层面的决定因素。了解这些决定因素在制药行业是至关重要的,因为在追求新药的研究和开发(R&D)项目的失败率很高。根据系统的文献回顾方法,我回顾了大约2000篇同行评议的期刊文章,并确定了公司层面突破性创新的九个决定因素。这些决定因素相互关联,因此可以分为制药公司突破性创新的两类不同的公司层面决定因素:研发支出(特别是基础科学投资)和市场支配地位。然而,支持这些决定因素的经验数据是有限的,有时甚至是相互矛盾的。未来的研究应该解决这些局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond Listening: The Distinct Effects of Proactive Versus Responsive Customer Orientation on the Reduction of Uncertainties at the Fuzzy Front End of Innovation 超越倾听:主动顾客导向与响应顾客导向对减少创新模糊前端不确定性的不同影响
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/radm.12252
Fiona Schweitzer, Maximilian Palmié, O. Gassmann
The extent to which the intensity of R&D employees' interaction with market-oriented employees, proactive customer orientation, and responsive customer orientation affect the ability to reduce product-related uncertainties at the fuzzy front end of innovation was analyzed. They investigated 160 product innovation projects in various high-tech industries and identified proactive customer orientation as an important moderator of the link between R&D employees' interaction with market-oriented employees and the reduction of product-related uncertainties at the fuzzy front end. They also found that responsive customer orientation diminishes the ability to reduce product-related uncertainties at the fuzzy front end. The theoretical and managerial implications of the results are discussed.
分析了研发员工与市场导向员工、主动客户导向和响应型客户导向的互动强度对模糊创新前端产品不确定性降低能力的影响程度。他们调查了不同高科技产业的160个产品创新项目,发现积极的客户导向是研发员工与市场导向员工互动和减少模糊前端产品相关不确定性之间联系的重要调节因素。他们还发现,响应型客户导向会削弱在模糊前端减少与产品相关的不确定性的能力。讨论了研究结果的理论和管理意义。
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引用次数: 33
Sources, Drivers and Barriers of Innovation in Singapore’s Electronic Road Pricing 新加坡电子道路收费创新的来源、驱动因素和障碍
Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.18003/AJPA.201810
M. Quirapas, R. Aboagye-Gyan, Muhammad Fiaz Gul
Innovation in land transport management has revolutionised public and private transport in Singapore. The Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) is a good case study for this. Using Albury’s framework of public sector innovation, this paper investigates the sources, drivers, barriers and risks of the ERP system in Singapore. Innovation, as studied by different scholars, is atypical in public sector and as such the lessons that can be learned from the ERP case study has an important added value to existing literature. The findings also reveal that sources of innovation can be classified to social, economic and technological factors which depends heavily on the societal context. Barriers and risks to successful innovative public policy, on the other hand, can also have both intended and unintended consequences. Supported by the literature review and stakeholder interviews, this paper concludes that ERP aside from its effectiveness of this to curb traffic congestion, it can also be considered as an innovation in the public sector that has successfully diffused within and outside Singapore.
陆路交通管理的创新革新了新加坡的公共和私人交通。电子道路收费(ERP)就是一个很好的案例研究。本文运用Albury的公共部门创新框架,对新加坡ERP系统的来源、驱动因素、障碍和风险进行了研究。正如不同学者所研究的那样,创新在公共部门是不典型的,因此从ERP案例研究中吸取的教训对现有文献具有重要的附加价值。研究结果还表明,创新的来源可以分为社会、经济和技术因素,这在很大程度上取决于社会背景。另一方面,成功创新公共政策的障碍和风险也可能产生有意和无意的后果。在文献综述和利益相关者访谈的支持下,本文得出结论,除了ERP在遏制交通拥堵方面的有效性之外,它还可以被认为是公共部门的一项创新,已经成功地在新加坡内外扩散。
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引用次数: 3
Whether the Innovation Policy Will Really Improve Enterprise’s Innovation Performance: Mediating Role of Ambidextrous Learning 创新政策是否真的能提高企业创新绩效:双元学习的中介作用
Pub Date : 2018-08-27 DOI: 10.5539/IBR.V11N9P96
Dongling Wang, K. C. Lam
As the scope embodiment of public policy in specific fields, the government innovation policy is essentially a system arrangement and rule design and it plays an external guidance and incentive effect on the enterprises’ innovation activities. Whether the innovation policy will really promote the improvement of enterprises’ innovation performance and how it is realized have not reached the conclusion among theorists. As such the aim of this research is to test the relationships between innovation policy and enterprises’ innovation performance with the aim of contributing to help the government adjust policies and improve the innovation performance of enterprises. Based on the data of high-tech enterprises in Shandong Province in 2017, this paper studied the impact mechanism of innovation policy on enterprise innovation performance through regression analysis. The paper found that the innovation policy has a significant impact on enterprise innovation performance, and the ambidextrous learning plays a mediating role in this process.
政府创新政策作为公共政策在特定领域的范围体现,本质上是一种制度安排和规则设计,对企业的创新活动起着外部引导和激励作用。创新政策是否会真正促进企业创新绩效的提高,以及如何实现,理论界尚未得出定论。因此,本研究的目的是检验创新政策与企业创新绩效之间的关系,以帮助政府调整政策,提高企业创新绩效。本文基于2017年山东省高新技术企业数据,通过回归分析研究了创新政策对企业创新绩效的影响机制。研究发现,创新政策对企业创新绩效有显著影响,双向学习在这一过程中起中介作用。
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引用次数: 0
Sweating Competency Asset for Organizational and National Development 组织与国家发展的出汗能力资产
Pub Date : 2018-05-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3183223
O. Oladapo
Competency Development and Application is a critical core management domain of best-in-class organizations who have achieved sustainable success in what they do and are the leaders in their markets. Such organizations place high premium on the development, management, evaluation of both core competencies and job competencies to drive enhanced performance and sustainable results in financial, customer, employee and stakeholder’s returns and satisfaction. A sound understanding of the theoretical and conceptual foundations of Competency development, management and application is critical to achieving successful outcomes in a Competency Based Management Approach to business and human capital talents. The development of a fit for purpose Competency framework is integral to the adoption of a Competency Based Management Approach. The Competency framework is the systematic structure that warehouses the integral competency development and application processes that include competency modeling. Clustering. Mapping, proficiency levels definition and ultimately competency dictionary development.
能力开发和应用是一流组织的关键核心管理领域,这些组织在他们所做的事情上取得了持续的成功,并且是市场上的领导者。这些组织高度重视核心能力和工作能力的发展、管理和评估,以推动财务、客户、员工和利益相关者的回报和满意度方面的绩效提高和可持续发展。对能力发展、管理和应用的理论和概念基础有充分的理解,对于实现基于能力的管理方法对商业和人力资本人才的成功结果至关重要。开发符合目的的胜任力框架是采用基于胜任力的管理方法不可或缺的一部分。胜任力框架是一个系统的结构,它存储了包括胜任力建模在内的整体胜任力开发和应用过程。集群。映射、熟练程度定义和最终能力词典的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging the Benefits of Exploratory Learning and Exploitative Learning in NPD: The Role of Innovation Field Orientation 探究性学习和利用性学习在新产品开发中的作用:创新领域导向的作用
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/radm.12148
Cirong Oscar Li, Ching-Hsuan Yeh
Scholars have increasingly noted that firm-level capabilities may be crucial for resolving the dilemmas resulting from either high exploratory or high exploitative learning. However, our current understanding of this issue remains limited. Innovation field orientation is a firm-level capability to strategically structure dispersed innovation efforts and reconfigure resources on them, and may help a firm leverage the benefits of distinctive learning strategies. Based on this idea, this paper investigates innovation field orientation and examines how its capacities (the specification, establishment of focus areas, and stimulation of synergies) influence the performance of high exploratory/exploitative learning. Our findings suggest that the capacities of innovation field orientation moderate the effects of exploratory and exploitative learning on new product program performance, and clarify how innovation field orientation enables organization to leverage the benefits of high exploratory/exploitative learning and address their disadvantages.
学者们越来越多地注意到,企业层面的能力对于解决由高度探索性学习或高度剥削性学习造成的困境可能至关重要。然而,我们目前对这个问题的理解仍然有限。创新领域导向是一种企业层面的能力,可以战略性地组织分散的创新努力,并在其上重新配置资源,并可以帮助企业利用独特的学习策略带来的好处。在此基础上,本文研究了创新领域取向,并考察了创新领域的能力(规范、重点领域的建立和协同效应的激发)如何影响高探索性/利用性学习的表现。研究结果表明,创新领域导向的能力调节了探索性学习和利用性学习对新产品计划绩效的影响,并阐明了创新领域导向如何使组织利用高探索性学习和利用性学习的优势,解决其劣势。
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引用次数: 18
Stakeholder Integration in New Product Development: A Systematic Analysis of Drivers and Firm Capabilities 新产品开发中的利益相关者整合:驱动因素与企业能力的系统分析
Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/radm.12220
María Vaquero Martín, R. Reinhardt, Sebastian Gurtner
In this article, we develop a conceptual model of stakeholder integration in new product development (NPD) that (i) explains the drivers of the process and (ii) proposes a framework of capabilities that firms need for successful stakeholder integration. The focus lies on external stakeholders that directly influence the adoption of new products. We conduct a systematic literature review and content analyze a sample of 96 peer-reviewed journal articles. The study is restricted to the medical device industry to enable the use of specific search terms and the consistent categorization of information. We dedicate a section to showing how the framework applies to other settings. The drivers of stakeholder integration are classified into push factors (i.e., expected benefits for the focal firm) and pull factors (i.e., expected benefits for the stakeholders). This study provides an initial model of how stakeholder integration works based on its drivers. In addition, three related stakeholder integration capabilities emerge: stakeholder identification capability, stakeholder interaction capability and stakeholder input integration capability. The paper proposes a description of these capabilities for stakeholder integration in NPD and, thus, contributes to stakeholder theory and research on the management of NPD. The results open new paths for empirical testing and offer practical guidance on how to successfully integrate stakeholders in NPD processes.
在本文中,我们开发了一个新产品开发(NPD)中利益相关者整合的概念模型,该模型(i)解释了该过程的驱动因素,(ii)提出了企业成功整合利益相关者所需的能力框架。重点在于直接影响新产品采用的外部利益相关者。我们对96篇同行评议的期刊文章进行了系统的文献综述和内容分析。该研究仅限于医疗器械行业,以便使用特定的搜索词和一致的信息分类。我们专门用一节来展示该框架如何应用于其他设置。利益相关者整合的驱动因素分为推动因素(即焦点企业的预期收益)和拉动因素(即利益相关者的预期收益)。本研究提供了一个基于驱动因素的利益相关者整合如何工作的初始模型。此外,还产生了三种相关的干系人集成能力:干系人识别能力、干系人交互能力和干系人输入集成能力。本文对新产品开发中利益相关者整合的这些能力进行了描述,从而为新产品开发管理的利益相关者理论和研究做出了贡献。研究结果为实证检验开辟了新的途径,并为如何在新产品开发过程中成功整合利益相关者提供了实践指导。
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引用次数: 17
Organizational and Epistemic Change: The Growth of the Art Investment Field 组织和认知的变化:艺术投资领域的成长
Pub Date : 2016-09-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2321627
Erica H. Coslor, C. Spaenjers
What can studying the creation of knowledge tell us about how new technical fields emerge and develop? This paper shows how a knowledge community may be necessary to support the legitimacy of new products that undergo performance evaluation before purchase. Using historical and ethnographic data covering half a century, we review the growth of the art investment field through an epistemic cultures lens. Technical knowledge about the financial characteristics of art has been developed alongside practical knowledge about how best to structure investment ventures. Investment venture success has been determined by legitimacy as much as by profitability, given durable expectations about the evaluation and monitoring of investments. The growth of knowledge, practices and tools was thus a necessary condition for the recognition of artwork as an asset class. Crucially, the epistemic cultures approach highlights deepening knowledge, resources and professional expertise, and their development through experimentation, failures and negative knowledge. This shows accounting issues contributing to technical field legitimacy and emergence, such as the role of knowledge production, valuation practices and receptive environments, and the distinction between legitimate investments that can be valued and investment venture profitability.
研究知识的创造能告诉我们什么关于新技术领域是如何产生和发展的?本文展示了知识社区如何在购买前进行性能评估,以支持新产品的合法性。利用半个世纪以来的历史和人种学数据,我们通过认知文化的视角回顾了艺术投资领域的发展。关于艺术的金融特征的技术知识与关于如何最好地构建投资企业的实践知识一起发展。考虑到对投资的评估和监测的持久期望,投资企业的成功既取决于盈利能力,也取决于合法性。因此,知识、实践和工具的增长是承认艺术品作为一种资产类别的必要条件。至关重要的是,认识论文化方法强调深化知识、资源和专业技能,以及它们通过实验、失败和负面知识的发展。这表明会计问题有助于技术领域的合法性和出现,例如知识生产的作用,估值实践和接受环境,以及可估值的合法投资和投资风险盈利能力之间的区别。
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引用次数: 26
The Impact of Organizational Culture on a Firm's Capability to Innovate the Business Model 组织文化对企业商业模式创新能力的影响
Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/radm.12153
Marianne Hock, T. Clauss, E. Schulz
Recent literature on business model innovation tries to identify operational changes occurring within the business model components. We suggest that a significant part of the business model cannot be understood without an investigation of the underlying logic of the firm. Drawing on organizational culture literature, this study explores the idea that parts of the capabilities that enable business model innovation are determined by the firm's underlying cultural values. In this study, we utilize existing literature on organizational culture to analyze the underlying organizational values of the two main business model design themes (novelty and efficiency) and link these to the firm's capabilities that foster business model innovation. By empirically analyzing a sample of 305 companies in the engineering industry, we find that novelty‐oriented cultural values foster capabilities (strategic sensitivity, collective commitment and resource fluidity) in favor of business model innovation, while efficiency‐oriented cultural values do not show positive effects. We further find that strategic sensitivity and resource fluidity significantly enhance the propensity to business model innovation.
最近关于业务模型创新的文献试图确定业务模型组件中发生的操作更改。我们认为,如果不调查公司的基本逻辑,就无法理解商业模式的重要部分。利用组织文化文献,本研究探讨了这样一种观点,即实现商业模式创新的部分能力是由公司的潜在文化价值观决定的。在本研究中,我们利用现有的关于组织文化的文献来分析两个主要商业模式设计主题(新颖性和效率)的潜在组织价值,并将它们与促进商业模式创新的公司能力联系起来。通过对305家工程行业公司样本的实证分析,我们发现以新颖性为导向的文化价值观有利于商业模式创新的能力(战略敏感性、集体承诺和资源流动性),而以效率为导向的文化价值观没有显示出积极的影响。我们进一步发现,战略敏感性和资源流动性显著增强了商业模式创新倾向。
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引用次数: 108
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Innovation & Organizational Behavior eJournal
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