Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102481
Dejan K. Filipas , José I. Nolazco , Benjamin V. Stone , Michael Rink , Edoardo Beatrici , Muhieddine Labban , Stuart R. Lipsitz , Margit Fisch , Toni K. Choueiri , Alexander P. Cole , Quoc-Dien Trinh , Steve L. Chang
Background and Objective
Indeterminate pathological margins (Rx) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) surgery may affect overall survival. This study aims to evaluate Rx rates, identify predictive factors, and assess their impact on overall survival compared to negative margins (R0).
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 473,152 RCC patients from the National Cancer Database (2004-2020). Patients underwent partial or radical nephrectomy. The primary outcome was Rx at final pathology. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were employed to identify predictors and assess survival impact.
Key Findings and Limitations
Rx was observed in 0.62% of cases. Partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic approach, and major vein involvement were associated with increased odds of Rx. Rx was linked to worse overall survival (adjusted Hazard Ratio 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22-1.57; P < .01). Limitations include selection bias and data quality variations.
Conclusions and Clinical Implications
Our study indicates that Rx should not be considered equivalent to R0 resection status, as it is associated with worse overall survival in RCC. These findings may aid in the postoperative risk assessment of RCC patients and guide clinical decision-making.
背景和目的:肾细胞癌(RCC)手术中不确定的病理边缘(Rx)可能影响总生存期。本研究旨在评估Rx率,确定预测因素,并评估其与负边缘(R0)相比对总生存率的影响。方法:我们对来自国家癌症数据库(2004-2020)的473,152例RCC患者进行了回顾性分析。患者接受部分或根治性肾切除术。主要结果为最终病理时的Rx。采用多变量logistic回归和Cox比例风险回归来确定预测因素并评估生存影响。主要发现和局限性:0.62%的病例使用Rx。部分肾切除术、腹腔镜入路和主要静脉受累与Rx的发生率增加有关。Rx与较差的总生存率相关(校正风险比1.38;95% CI, 1.22-1.57; P < 0.01)。局限性包括选择偏差和数据质量变化。结论和临床意义:我们的研究表明,Rx不应等同于R0切除状态,因为Rx与RCC的总生存期较差相关。这些发现可能有助于RCC患者的术后风险评估和指导临床决策。
{"title":"Indeterminate Surgical Margins (Rx) in Renal Cell Carcinoma Surgery: Rates, Predictive Factors, and Impact on Overall Survival","authors":"Dejan K. Filipas , José I. Nolazco , Benjamin V. Stone , Michael Rink , Edoardo Beatrici , Muhieddine Labban , Stuart R. Lipsitz , Margit Fisch , Toni K. Choueiri , Alexander P. Cole , Quoc-Dien Trinh , Steve L. Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objective</h3><div>Indeterminate pathological margins (Rx) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) surgery may affect overall survival. This study aims to evaluate Rx rates, identify predictive factors, and assess their impact on overall survival compared to negative margins (R0).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 473,152 RCC patients from the National Cancer Database (2004-2020). Patients underwent partial or radical nephrectomy. The primary outcome was Rx at final pathology. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were employed to identify predictors and assess survival impact.</div></div><div><h3>Key Findings and Limitations</h3><div>Rx was observed in 0.62% of cases. Partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic approach, and major vein involvement were associated with increased odds of Rx. Rx was linked to worse overall survival (adjusted Hazard Ratio 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22-1.57; <em>P</em> < .01). Limitations include selection bias and data quality variations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Clinical Implications</h3><div>Our study indicates that Rx should not be considered equivalent to R0 resection status, as it is associated with worse overall survival in RCC. These findings may aid in the postoperative risk assessment of RCC patients and guide clinical decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10380,"journal":{"name":"Clinical genitourinary cancer","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 102481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102469
Kara Ingram , Robert Wilson , Jason M. Doherty , Daniel B. Eaton Jr , Sumrah Khan , Martin W. Schoen
Introduction
Treatment of metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has traditionally included combination therapy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with docetaxel or an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI). There are no comparative studies to compare the real-world hospitalization rates and adverse events (AEs).
Material and Methods
A nationwide retrospective study of 1549 US veterans was conducted to compare treatment with ADT+docetaxel (n = 500) versus ADT+ARPI (n = 1049) between 2013 and 2021. Hospitalizations were determined 1 year before and after treatment. Baseline cohort characteristics and incidence rate differences of adverse events were then compared in the year prior to treatment with the year after.
Results
In patients who received ADT+docetaxel, hospitalizations increased by 245%, and ADT+ARPI hospitalizations increased by 125% (P < .001). The docetaxel cohort was younger and had fewer comorbidities (median age 66.8 vs. 73.4 years; CCI 1 vs. 2). Docetaxel had higher rates of hospitalizations due to digestive (+ 600%, P < .001) and respiratory complications (+ 157%, P = .04). The ARPI cohort had increased hospitalizations due to respiratory (+ 243%, P < .001), endocrine/metabolic (+ 80%, P = .002), and circulatory complications (+ 64%, P = .009). The ARPI cohort had a decrease in acute renal failure admissions (−24%, P = .401).
Discussion and Conclusions
Overall, in the real-world setting, the 2 therapy regimens have distinct hospitalization risks and AEs. Patients with respiratory and gastrointestinal comorbidities may be at higher risk when receiving treatment with docetaxel. Alternatively, older and frailer patients who are susceptible to infections and metabolic complications may be at increased risk with ARPIs. These findings may aid physicians in determining the optimal, individualized therapy to mitigate adverse outcomes in patients with mHSPC.
{"title":"Real World Hospitalizations in US Veterans Treated for Metastatic Prostate Cancer with Combination Therapy","authors":"Kara Ingram , Robert Wilson , Jason M. Doherty , Daniel B. Eaton Jr , Sumrah Khan , Martin W. Schoen","doi":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Treatment of metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has traditionally included combination therapy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with docetaxel or an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI). There are no comparative studies to compare the real-world hospitalization rates and adverse events (AEs).</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>A nationwide retrospective study of 1549 US veterans was conducted to compare treatment with ADT+docetaxel (<em>n</em> = 500) versus ADT+ARPI (<em>n</em> = 1049) between 2013 and 2021. Hospitalizations were determined 1 year before and after treatment. Baseline cohort characteristics and incidence rate differences of adverse events were then compared in the year prior to treatment with the year after.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In patients who received ADT+docetaxel, hospitalizations increased by 245%, and ADT+ARPI hospitalizations increased by 125% (<em>P</em> < .001). The docetaxel cohort was younger and had fewer comorbidities (median age 66.8 vs. 73.4 years; CCI 1 vs. 2). Docetaxel had higher rates of hospitalizations due to digestive (+ 600%, <em>P</em> < .001) and respiratory complications (+ 157%, <em>P</em> = .04). The ARPI cohort had increased hospitalizations due to respiratory (+ 243%, <em>P</em> < .001), endocrine/metabolic (+ 80%, <em>P</em> = .002), and circulatory complications (+ 64%, <em>P</em> = .009). The ARPI cohort had a decrease in acute renal failure admissions (−24%, <em>P</em> = .401).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, in the real-world setting, the 2 therapy regimens have distinct hospitalization risks and AEs. Patients with respiratory and gastrointestinal comorbidities may be at higher risk when receiving treatment with docetaxel. Alternatively, older and frailer patients who are susceptible to infections and metabolic complications may be at increased risk with ARPIs. These findings may aid physicians in determining the optimal, individualized therapy to mitigate adverse outcomes in patients with mHSPC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10380,"journal":{"name":"Clinical genitourinary cancer","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 102469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145727684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102466
Patrick Squires , Erin E. Cook , Yan Song , Ching-Yu Wang , Adina Zhang , Shravanthi M. Seshasayee , Aljosja Rogiers , Haojie Li , Ronac Mamtani
Introduction
The treatment landscape for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is evolving, and the real-world clinical burden in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) remains poorly characterized. This study evaluated treatment patterns, recurrence, and overall survival (OS) in patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent RC for MIBC.
Patients and methods
Using the SEER-Medicare database (2007-2020), we identified patients with MIBC post-RC. Trends in treatment modality (RC alone [no neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy], neoadjuvant therapy + RC only, RC + adjuvant therapy only, or both neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy + RC) were summarized. Recurrence and OS were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates overall and by disease stage (T2N0M0, T3-T4N0M0, T1-T4N1M0) and treatment modality. OS among patients with vs. without recurrence was compared using an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
Among 1149 patients with MIBC (60.2% T2N0M0; 31.7% T3-T4N0M0; 8.1% T1-T4N1M0), 53.6% received RC alone; others received neoadjuvant therapy + RC (33.9%), RC + adjuvant therapy (10.2%), or both (2.3%). From 2007-2009 to 2019-2020, the proportion of patients treated with RC alone fell from 77.7% to 33.9% whereas neoadjuvant therapy + RC rose from 9.2% to 61.0%. The overall 5-year recurrence rate was 53.1%, varying by disease stage (T2N0M0: 46.0%, T3-T4N0M0: 61.1%, T1-T4N1M0: 77.7%) and treatment modality (RC alone: 51.4%, neoadjuvant therapy + RC: 47.6%, RC + adjuvant therapy: 69.3%, both: not estimable). The overall 5-year OS rate was 53.0%, varying by disease stage (T2N0M0: 61.3%; T3-T4N0M0: 42.6%; T1-T4N1M0: 33.6%) and treatment modality (RC alone: 48.2%; neoadjuvant therapy +RC: 66.9%, RC + adjuvant therapy: 42.0%, both: 38.0%). Patients with vs. without recurrence had significantly shorter OS (hazard ratio = 1.88, P < .001).
Conclusion
Patients with MIBC post-RC experience high recurrence rates and poor survival outcomes across stages and treatment modalities. Effective strategies to prevent or delay recurrence are urgently needed to improve long-term survival in this population.
{"title":"Treatment Patterns, Disease Recurrence, and Overall Survival in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer After Radical Cystectomy: A Population-Level Claims-Based Analysis","authors":"Patrick Squires , Erin E. Cook , Yan Song , Ching-Yu Wang , Adina Zhang , Shravanthi M. Seshasayee , Aljosja Rogiers , Haojie Li , Ronac Mamtani","doi":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The treatment landscape for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is evolving, and the real-world clinical burden in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) remains poorly characterized. This study evaluated treatment patterns, recurrence, and overall survival (OS) in patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent RC for MIBC.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>Using the SEER-Medicare database (2007-2020), we identified patients with MIBC post-RC. Trends in treatment modality (RC alone [no neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy], neoadjuvant therapy + RC only, RC + adjuvant therapy only, or both neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy + RC) were summarized. Recurrence and OS were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates overall and by disease stage (T2N0M0, T3-T4N0M0, T1-T4N1M0) and treatment modality. OS among patients with vs. without recurrence was compared using an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1149 patients with MIBC (60.2% T2N0M0; 31.7% T3-T4N0M0; 8.1% T1-T4N1M0), 53.6% received RC alone; others received neoadjuvant therapy + RC (33.9%), RC + adjuvant therapy (10.2%), or both (2.3%). From 2007-2009 to 2019-2020, the proportion of patients treated with RC alone fell from 77.7% to 33.9% whereas neoadjuvant therapy + RC rose from 9.2% to 61.0%. The overall 5-year recurrence rate was 53.1%, varying by disease stage (T2N0M0: 46.0%, T3-T4N0M0: 61.1%, T1-T4N1M0: 77.7%) and treatment modality (RC alone: 51.4%, neoadjuvant therapy + RC: 47.6%, RC + adjuvant therapy: 69.3%, both: not estimable). The overall 5-year OS rate was 53.0%, varying by disease stage (T2N0M0: 61.3%; T3-T4N0M0: 42.6%; T1-T4N1M0: 33.6%) and treatment modality (RC alone: 48.2%; neoadjuvant therapy +RC: 66.9%, RC + adjuvant therapy: 42.0%, both: 38.0%). Patients with vs. without recurrence had significantly shorter OS (hazard ratio = 1.88, <em>P</em> < .001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients with MIBC post-RC experience high recurrence rates and poor survival outcomes across stages and treatment modalities. Effective strategies to prevent or delay recurrence are urgently needed to improve long-term survival in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10380,"journal":{"name":"Clinical genitourinary cancer","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 102466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102477
Monica S. Nair , Jessica Scarborough , Chandana A. Reddy , Anirudh R. Bommireddy , Erin Brooks , Nima Almassi , Christopher J. Weight , Steven Campbell , Moshe C. Ornstein , Amanda Nizam , Timothy Gilligan , Christopher Wee , Shilpa Gupta , Jacob G. Scott , Anthony Mastroianni , Rahul Tendulkar , Omar Y. Mian
Purpose
We sought to define patient and disease characteristics associated with outcomes after trimodality therapy (TMT) for high-risk nonmuscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). A retrospective analysis of a large single institution cohort treated with bladder preservation therapy was performed to identify factors associated with survival.
Methods and Materials
Patients with high-risk non-MIBC or MIBC who underwent definitive bladder sparing treatment between 2006 and 2022 were included. Variables for analysis included age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), surgical candidacy, neoadjuvant/induction chemotherapy (NAC), tumor size, presence of hydronephrosis, carcinoma in-situ, and histologic subtype. Kaplan–Meier analysis was done to calculate rates of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), while cumulative incidence analysis was done to calculate rates of cancer specific mortality (CSM) and local recurrence. Cox proportional hazards regression was done to identify factors associated with OS and DFS. Competing risk regression was done to identify factors associated with CSM and local recurrence.
Results
226 patients were included in the cohort with a median follow up of 18.9 months (range 0.9-172.3). The median age was 79 years (range 49-98) and 79.2% were male. On univariate Cox proportional hazards regression, younger age, NAC, and cystectomy candidacy were associated with improved OS (P < .0001, HR = 1.05, 95% CI, 1.03-1.08; P = .04, HR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.39-0.99; P < .0001, HR = 0.42, 95% CI, 0.27-0.65; respectively). On multivariable analysis, only younger age and cystectomy eligibility were associated with improved OS (P = .002, HR = 1.04, 95% CI, 1.02-1.07; P = .006, HR = 0.52, 95% CI, 0.33-0.83; respectively).
Conclusion
This study finds cystectomy eligibility to be associated with improved survival and underscores the importance of multi-disciplinary assessment in determining candidacy for organ preserving therapy in MIBC patients.
{"title":"Trimodality Therapy for Bladder Cancer: A Single Institution Retrospective Analysis of Factors Associated With Outcomes for High-Risk Patients Undergoing Organ-Sparing Therapy","authors":"Monica S. Nair , Jessica Scarborough , Chandana A. Reddy , Anirudh R. Bommireddy , Erin Brooks , Nima Almassi , Christopher J. Weight , Steven Campbell , Moshe C. Ornstein , Amanda Nizam , Timothy Gilligan , Christopher Wee , Shilpa Gupta , Jacob G. Scott , Anthony Mastroianni , Rahul Tendulkar , Omar Y. Mian","doi":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>We sought to define patient and disease characteristics associated with outcomes after trimodality therapy (TMT) for high-risk nonmuscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). A retrospective analysis of a large single institution cohort treated with bladder preservation therapy was performed to identify factors associated with survival.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and Materials</h3><div>Patients with high-risk non-MIBC or MIBC who underwent definitive bladder sparing treatment between 2006 and 2022 were included. Variables for analysis included age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), surgical candidacy, neoadjuvant/induction chemotherapy (NAC), tumor size, presence of hydronephrosis, carcinoma in-situ, and histologic subtype. Kaplan–Meier analysis was done to calculate rates of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), while cumulative incidence analysis was done to calculate rates of cancer specific mortality (CSM) and local recurrence. Cox proportional hazards regression was done to identify factors associated with OS and DFS. Competing risk regression was done to identify factors associated with CSM and local recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>226 patients were included in the cohort with a median follow up of 18.9 months (range 0.9-172.3). The median age was 79 years (range 49-98) and 79.2% were male. On univariate Cox proportional hazards regression, younger age, NAC, and cystectomy candidacy were associated with improved OS (<em>P</em> < .0001, HR = 1.05, 95% CI, 1.03-1.08; <em>P</em> = .04, HR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.39-0.99; <em>P</em> < .0001, HR = 0.42, 95% CI, 0.27-0.65; respectively). On multivariable analysis, only younger age and cystectomy eligibility were associated with improved OS (<em>P</em> = .002, HR = 1.04, 95% CI, 1.02-1.07; <em>P</em> = .006, HR = 0.52, 95% CI, 0.33-0.83; respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study finds cystectomy eligibility to be associated with improved survival and underscores the importance of multi-disciplinary assessment in determining candidacy for organ preserving therapy in MIBC patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10380,"journal":{"name":"Clinical genitourinary cancer","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 102477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FGFR3 alterations are observed in 10% to 15% of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). We aimed to clarify the prognostic and predictive value of FGFR3 alterations in patients receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) for advanced urothelial carcinoma.
Patients and Methods
We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study including patients with histologically confirmed UC treated in first line with PBC, with or without immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) administered as maintenance or second line. Only patients with known FGFR3 status on baseline tumor tissue, locally assessed were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rates (ORR), and PFS with ICIs, stratified by FGFR3 status.
Results
Between 2016 and 2022, 191 pts were included, of whom 58 (30.4%) had FGFR3-altered tumors (FGFR3^alt). Baseline characteristics were well balanced. ICIs were administered to 34% of patients. After a median follow-up of 32 months, median PFS under PBC was 6.6 months in FGFR3^alt and 7.5 in FGFR3 wild type subgroups (HR = 1.27; P = .15) respectively. Median OS was 22.1 versus 20.8 months (HR = 0.91; P = .658), and ORR in 133 pts were similar across subgroups (70.7% vs. 69.2% respectively). In multivariate analysis, FGFR3 status was not associated with survival.
Conclusions
FGFR3 status did not significantly impact response to PBC in first-line treatment or ICIs. These findings underscore that the presence of an FGFR3 alteration does not guide the choice of platinum-based treatment, and the need for prospective biomarker-driven trials to identify best treatment sequences in advanced UC.
导读:在10% - 15%的晚期尿路上皮癌(UC)患者中观察到FGFR3改变。我们旨在阐明FGFR3改变在接受一线铂基化疗(PBC)晚期尿路上皮癌患者中的预后和预测价值。患者和方法:我们进行了一项多中心回顾性队列研究,包括组织学证实的UC患者,接受一线PBC治疗,使用或不使用免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)作为维持或二线治疗。仅纳入局部评估的FGFR3基线肿瘤组织状态已知的患者。无进展生存期(PFS)是主要终点。次要终点包括总生存期(OS)、客观缓解率(ORR)和ICIs患者的PFS,按FGFR3状态分层。结果:在2016年至2022年期间,纳入191例患者,其中58例(30.4%)患有FGFR3改变的肿瘤(FGFR3^alt)。基线特征平衡良好。34%的患者使用了ICIs。中位随访32个月后,FGFR3^alt和FGFR3野生型亚组PBC下的中位PFS分别为6.6个月和7.5个月(HR = 1.27; P = 0.15)。中位OS分别为22.1个月和20.8个月(HR = 0.91; P = 0.658), 133名患者的ORR在亚组间相似(分别为70.7%和69.2%)。在多变量分析中,FGFR3状态与生存无关。结论:FGFR3状态对一线治疗或ici患者对PBC的应答没有显著影响。这些发现强调,FGFR3改变的存在并不能指导选择基于铂的治疗,需要前瞻性生物标志物驱动的试验来确定晚期UC的最佳治疗序列。
{"title":"Impact of FGFR3 Alterations on First-Line Platinum Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic or Locally Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: The Retrospective IFUCA Study","authors":"Thibaut Reverdy , Floriane Izarn , Benoit Allignet , Guilhem Roubaud , Nyere Gibson , Diego Teyssonneau , Constance Thibault , Hugo Berthou , Nadine Houede , Aude Fléchon , Sophie Tartas , Fabien Moinard-Butot , Philippe Barthelemy , Denis Maillet","doi":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>FGFR3</em> alterations are observed in 10% to 15% of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). We aimed to clarify the prognostic and predictive value of <em>FGFR3</em> alterations in patients receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) for advanced urothelial carcinoma.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and Methods</h3><div>We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study including patients with histologically confirmed UC treated in first line with PBC, with or without immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) administered as maintenance or second line. Only patients with known <em>FGFR3</em> status on baseline tumor tissue, locally assessed were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rates (ORR), and PFS with ICIs, stratified by <em>FGFR3</em> status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between 2016 and 2022, 191 pts were included, of whom 58 (30.4%) had <em>FGFR3</em>-altered tumors (<em>FGFR3</em>^alt). Baseline characteristics were well balanced. ICIs were administered to 34% of patients. After a median follow-up of 32 months, median PFS under PBC was 6.6 months in <em>FGFR3</em>^alt and 7.5 in <em>FGFR3</em> wild type subgroups (HR = 1.27; <em>P</em> = .15) respectively. Median OS was 22.1 versus 20.8 months (HR = 0.91; <em>P</em> = .658), and ORR in 133 pts were similar across subgroups (70.7% vs. 69.2% respectively). In multivariate analysis, <em>FGFR3</em> status was not associated with survival.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>FGFR3</em> status did not significantly impact response to PBC in first-line treatment or ICIs. These findings underscore that the presence of an <em>FGFR3</em> alteration does not guide the choice of platinum-based treatment, and the need for prospective biomarker-driven trials to identify best treatment sequences in advanced UC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10380,"journal":{"name":"Clinical genitourinary cancer","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 102465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102484
Audreylie Lemelin , Martin Zarba , Kosuke Takemura , J. Connor Wells , Razane El Hajj Chehade , Frede Donskov , Camillo Porta , Guillermo De Velasco , Ian D. Davis , Lori A. Wood , Sumanta K. Pal , Aaron R. Hansen , Ben Tran , Georg A. Bjarnason , Haoran Li , Ravindran Kanesvaran , Thomas Powles , Rana R. McKay , Toni K. Choueiri , Daniel Y.C. Heng
Background
Attrition rates for patients with mRCC are not well characterized in the era of immunoncology (IO)-based combinations. This study aims to quantify real-world attrition rates by line of therapy, analyze associated clinical predictors, and describe treatment sequencing across multiple international centers.
Methods
IMDC data for patients with mRCC who received first line Nivolumab + Ipilimumab (IO-IO) or IO- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor receptor targeted therapy (VEGFR TT) (IO-VE) were included. Clinical and pathologic characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Chi-square tests were used to compare categorical variables between patients who received second line and those who did not. A logistic regression model was used to assess predictors of second line therapy initiation.
Results
A total of 1411 patients were identified, of whom 995 patients were treated with first line IO-IO and 434 with IO-VE. Of them, 935 (704 first line IO-IO and 231 first line IO-VE) stopped first line and were suitable for second line therapy. Reasons for stopping first line included progressive disease (PD) in 41.1%, toxicity in 24.4%, death in 3.9%, complete response in 1.5% and other in 28.3%. Among second line suitable patients, 544 (58.2%) started any second line whereas 391 (41.8%) did not. Patients who stopped first line for PD were more likely to initiate second line than those who stopped for other reasons (57.9% vs. 17.6%, P < .00001). Patients who received second line were more likely to have clear-cell histology (77.2% vs. 66.8%, P = .04), without sarcomatoid features (57.2 vs. 44.8%, P = .02), a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) of 80 or higher (80.1 vs. 73.9%, P = .01), and bone metastases (39.0 vs. 28.1%, P = .0009). (Table 2). After adjusting for IMDC criteria, only age and reason for stopping first line remained significant predictors of receiving second line therapy. Among 353 patients who stopped second line, 199 (56.4%, overall 21.3%) started third line therapy. Of the 139 patients who stopped third line, 80 (57.6%, overall 8.6%) started fourth line therapy.
Conclusions
In this real-world analysis, we found that just over half of suitable patients received the subsequent line of therapy post first line. We were able to identify age and reason for stopping first line as predictors of second line therapy initiation.
{"title":"Attrition Rates in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) Following First Line Immunotherapy-Based Treatment: Results From the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC)","authors":"Audreylie Lemelin , Martin Zarba , Kosuke Takemura , J. Connor Wells , Razane El Hajj Chehade , Frede Donskov , Camillo Porta , Guillermo De Velasco , Ian D. Davis , Lori A. Wood , Sumanta K. Pal , Aaron R. Hansen , Ben Tran , Georg A. Bjarnason , Haoran Li , Ravindran Kanesvaran , Thomas Powles , Rana R. McKay , Toni K. Choueiri , Daniel Y.C. Heng","doi":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Attrition rates for patients with mRCC are not well characterized in the era of immunoncology (IO)-based combinations. This study aims to quantify real-world attrition rates by line of therapy, analyze associated clinical predictors, and describe treatment sequencing across multiple international centers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>IMDC data for patients with mRCC who received first line Nivolumab + Ipilimumab (IO-IO) or IO- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor receptor targeted therapy (VEGFR TT) (IO-VE) were included. Clinical and pathologic characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Chi-square tests were used to compare categorical variables between patients who received second line and those who did not. A logistic regression model was used to assess predictors of second line therapy initiation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1411 patients were identified, of whom 995 patients were treated with first line IO-IO and 434 with IO-VE. Of them, 935 (704 first line IO-IO and 231 first line IO-VE) stopped first line and were suitable for second line therapy. Reasons for stopping first line included progressive disease (PD) in 41.1%, toxicity in 24.4%, death in 3.9%, complete response in 1.5% and other in 28.3%. Among second line suitable patients, 544 (58.2%) started any second line whereas 391 (41.8%) did not. Patients who stopped first line for PD were more likely to initiate second line than those who stopped for other reasons (57.9% vs. 17.6%, <em>P</em> < .00001). Patients who received second line were more likely to have clear-cell histology (77.2% vs. 66.8%, <em>P</em> = .04), without sarcomatoid features (57.2 vs. 44.8%, <em>P</em> = .02), a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) of 80 or higher (80.1 vs. 73.9%, <em>P</em> = .01), and bone metastases (39.0 vs. 28.1%, <em>P</em> = .0009). (Table 2). After adjusting for IMDC criteria, only age and reason for stopping first line remained significant predictors of receiving second line therapy. Among 353 patients who stopped second line, 199 (56.4%, overall 21.3%) started third line therapy. Of the 139 patients who stopped third line, 80 (57.6%, overall 8.6%) started fourth line therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this real-world analysis, we found that just over half of suitable patients received the subsequent line of therapy post first line. We were able to identify age and reason for stopping first line as predictors of second line therapy initiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10380,"journal":{"name":"Clinical genitourinary cancer","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 102484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102462
Mohamed Javid Raja Iyub , Pushan Prabhakar , Deerush Kannan Sakthivel , Aditi Chandrasekaran , Manuel Ozambela Jr , Murugesan Manoharan
Introduction
Metastatic non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (mNMIBC) is a condition in which bladder cancer patients develop metastasis in the absence of muscle invasion. The nature of mNMIBC is understudied due to its recent increased recognition. The study aimed to analyze the baseline characteristics, metastatic patterns, and survival outcomes of this condition.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) (2004-2021) was done to identify NMIBC patients who presented with distant metastasis at diagnosis, as defined in the NCDB. The patient characteristics, metastatic trends, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the variables associated with mNMIBC. Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to analyze the survival outcomes (overall survival).
Results
Among the 537,674 patients diagnosed with NMIBC, 3982 (0.74%) patients had metastasis. The most common sites of metastasis were the bone (15.3%), followed by the lung (13.6%), liver (7.1%), and brain (0.9%). Furthermore, 15.1% of patients had multiple metastases. The median overall survival (OS) for mNMIBC was 6.54 months (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 6.04-7.03). The OS was poorer among patients with metastasis to multiple sites (median OS: 3.55 months; 95% CI, 3.05-4.04) compared to those with metastasis to a single site. The best OS in isolated metastasis was seen in lung metastasis (median OS: 8.48 months; 95% CI, 6.68-10.27), and the worst OS was seen in liver metastasis (median OS: 3.70 months; 95% CI, 2.80-4.56). Older age, higher Charlson comorbidity score, and non-urothelial histology were associated with worse OS (P < .05).
Conclusion
mNMIBC is an uncommon condition with poor OS. Metastases to multiple sites have a poorer prognosis than metastases to a single site. Among the single-site metastases, the most common metastatic site was bone, and the best OS was seen in lung metastasis.
{"title":"Metastasis Profile and Survival Outcomes of Metastatic Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A National Cancer Database Analysis","authors":"Mohamed Javid Raja Iyub , Pushan Prabhakar , Deerush Kannan Sakthivel , Aditi Chandrasekaran , Manuel Ozambela Jr , Murugesan Manoharan","doi":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Metastatic non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (mNMIBC) is a condition in which bladder cancer patients develop metastasis in the absence of muscle invasion. The nature of mNMIBC is understudied due to its recent increased recognition. The study aimed to analyze the baseline characteristics, metastatic patterns, and survival outcomes of this condition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) (2004-2021) was done to identify NMIBC patients who presented with distant metastasis at diagnosis, as defined in the NCDB. The patient characteristics, metastatic trends, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the variables associated with mNMIBC. Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to analyze the survival outcomes (overall survival).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 537,674 patients diagnosed with NMIBC, 3982 (0.74%) patients had metastasis. The most common sites of metastasis were the bone (15.3%), followed by the lung (13.6%), liver (7.1%), and brain (0.9%). Furthermore, 15.1% of patients had multiple metastases. The median overall survival (OS) for mNMIBC was 6.54 months (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 6.04-7.03). The OS was poorer among patients with metastasis to multiple sites (median OS: 3.55 months; 95% CI, 3.05-4.04) compared to those with metastasis to a single site. The best OS in isolated metastasis was seen in lung metastasis (median OS: 8.48 months; 95% CI, 6.68-10.27), and the worst OS was seen in liver metastasis (median OS: 3.70 months; 95% CI, 2.80-4.56<strong>).</strong> Older age, higher Charlson comorbidity score, and non-urothelial histology were associated with worse OS (<em>P</em> < .05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>mNMIBC is an uncommon condition with poor OS. Metastases to multiple sites have a poorer prognosis than metastases to a single site. Among the single-site metastases, the most common metastatic site was bone, and the best OS was seen in lung metastasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10380,"journal":{"name":"Clinical genitourinary cancer","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 102462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145552381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102461
Shulin Wu , Sharron X. Lin , Adam S. Feldman , Chin-Lee Wu , Douglas M. Dahl
The clinical heterogeneity of needle biopsy (Bx)3 + 4 presents uncertainty to active surveillance as a treatment option for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. This meta-analysis demonstrates that 23.4% of Bx3 + 4 were upgraded at radical prostatectomy (RP). Age, cT, PI-RADS, greatest percentage of cancer involvement in biopsy (GPC) and number of positive cores are independent upgrading predictors, while Bx approaches showed no significant difference. Current guidelines recognize active surveillance as a treatment option for patients with intermediate-risk (IR)-PCa including selected cases with a diagnosis of Bx3 + 4. However, the upgrading of Bx3 + 4 in the RP is a critical but unaddressed concern. We investigated pathological RP upgrading from Bx3 + 4 and assessed its impact on oncological outcomes. A systematic literature search was performed up to February 2025 to identify the eligible studies discussing Bx3 + 4 on adverse RP pathology. Meta-analyses were performed on parameters with available information. Forty-eight studies comprising 63,119 patients with matched Bx3 + 4 and subsequent RP pathology were included. The median incidence of Bx3 + 4 upgraded to RP ≥ 4 + 3 and to RP ≥ 8 was 23.4% (IQR: 18.3%-23.7%) and 3.6% (IQR: 2.7%-4.9%), respectively. Age, cT, PI-RADS, GPC and No. positive cores were identified as independent and significant predictors for upgrading in Meta-analyses. No significant differences in upgrading were observed between systematic Bx (SBx) and MRI-targeted biopsy (TBx) methods or Transrectal (TR) and transperineal (TP) approaches. RP upgrading from Bx3 + 4 occurred in 23.4% cases, who may have a significantly worse biochemical recurrence survival. Different Bx methods did not make a significant impact on the rate of Bx3 + 4 to RP ≥ 4 + 3 upgrading.
{"title":"Gleason Score 3 + 4 (Grade Group 2) Prostate Cancer on Biopsy and Postoperative Pathological Upgrading: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Shulin Wu , Sharron X. Lin , Adam S. Feldman , Chin-Lee Wu , Douglas M. Dahl","doi":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The clinical heterogeneity of needle biopsy (Bx)3 + 4 presents uncertainty to active surveillance as a treatment option for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. This meta-analysis demonstrates that 23.4% of Bx3 + 4 were upgraded at radical prostatectomy (RP). Age, cT, PI-RADS, greatest percentage of cancer involvement in biopsy (GPC) and number of positive cores are independent upgrading predictors, while Bx approaches showed no significant difference. Current guidelines recognize active surveillance as a treatment option for patients with intermediate-risk (IR)-PCa including selected cases with a diagnosis of Bx3 + 4. However, the upgrading of Bx3 + 4 in the RP is a critical but unaddressed concern. We investigated pathological RP upgrading from Bx3 + 4 and assessed its impact on oncological outcomes. A systematic literature search was performed up to February 2025 to identify the eligible studies discussing Bx3 + 4 on adverse RP pathology. Meta-analyses were performed on parameters with available information. Forty-eight studies comprising 63,119 patients with matched Bx3 + 4 and subsequent RP pathology were included. The median incidence of Bx3 + 4 upgraded to RP ≥ 4 + 3 and to RP ≥ 8 was 23.4% (IQR: 18.3%-23.7%) and 3.6% (IQR: 2.7%-4.9%), respectively. Age, cT, PI-RADS, GPC and No. positive cores were identified as independent and significant predictors for upgrading in Meta-analyses. No significant differences in upgrading were observed between systematic Bx (SBx) and MRI-targeted biopsy (TBx) methods or Transrectal (TR) and transperineal (TP) approaches<em>.</em> RP upgrading from Bx3 + 4 occurred in 23.4% cases, who may have a significantly worse biochemical recurrence survival. Different Bx methods did not make a significant impact on the rate of Bx3 + 4 to RP ≥ 4 + 3 upgrading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10380,"journal":{"name":"Clinical genitourinary cancer","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 102461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102424
Bernard Bright Davies-Teye , Dominique Seo , Abree Johnson , Jennifer Stuart , Mehmet Burcu , Nader Hanna , Eberechukwu Onukwugha , M. Minhaj Siddiqui
Introduction
Heterogeneity in disease presentation in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) creates significant variability in treatment patterns and outcomes across risk and clinical subgroups.
Methods
A descriptive analysis of NMIBC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2017 using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), examined trends and patterns in treatment practices, postradical cystectomy (RC) outcomes, and survival overall and by subgroups. The American Urological Association/Society of Urologic Oncology risk stratification guideline was used to categorize patients into low-intermediate (LIR) and high-risk groups.
Results
Among newly diagnosed NMIBC patients (N = 324,646), 78.6% received TURBT without BCG, and 17.4% received BCG as part of their first course of treatment. Treatment patterns differed by risk groups. The high-risk group had lower TURBT without BCG than LIR (64.7% vs. 90.8%), but higher BCG (28.3% vs. 8.0%) and RC (5.5% vs. 0.5%). In the high-risk group, BCG and RC rates were higher in cT1/cTs than cTa patients. Over time, from 2004-2008 to 2013-2017, the use of BCG (12.6%-21.3%) and RC (2.2%-3.0%) increased, while TURBT-without BCG (84.3%-74.5%) decreased. Post-RC 90-day mortality was higher in high-risk than in LIR patients (4.6% vs. 2.8%). Five-year survival probabilities were unchanged over time. A post-hoc analysis revealed that 14% of patients received postoperative intravesical chemotherapy, with no notable differences in patient characteristics between this subgroup and the overall population.
Conclusion
Unmet medical needs for NMIBC patients persist, as many high-risk patients do not receive guideline-recommended care, and survival outcomes remain largely unchanged.
简介:非肌肉浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)疾病表现的异质性导致不同风险和临床亚组的治疗模式和结果存在显著差异。方法:使用国家癌症数据库(NCDB)对2004年至2017年诊断的NMIBC患者进行描述性分析,检查治疗实践的趋势和模式、术后膀胱切除术(RC)结果以及总体和亚组生存率。采用美国泌尿外科协会/泌尿肿瘤学会风险分层指南将患者分为中低危组(LIR)和高危组。结果:在新诊断的NMIBC患者(N = 324,646)中,78.6%的患者接受了不含BCG的TURBT治疗,17.4%的患者在首个疗程中接受了BCG治疗。治疗模式因风险组而异。高危组无BCG的TURBT低于LIR (64.7% vs. 90.8%),但BCG (28.3% vs. 8.0%)和RC (5.5% vs. 0.5%)较高。在高危组中,cT1/ ct患者中BCG和RC的发生率高于cTa患者。随着时间的推移,从2004-2008年到2013-2017年,BCG的使用(12.6%-21.3%)和RC(2.2%-3.0%)增加,而不使用BCG的turbt(84.3%-74.5%)减少。术后90天死亡率高危组高于LIR组(4.6% vs. 2.8%)。五年生存率随着时间的推移没有变化。事后分析显示,14%的患者接受了术后膀胱内化疗,该亚组患者特征与总体人群无显著差异。结论:NMIBC患者的医疗需求仍未得到满足,因为许多高危患者未接受指南推荐的治疗,生存结果基本保持不变。
{"title":"Trends in Treatment Patterns and Outcomes Among Patients Diagnosed With Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in the United States","authors":"Bernard Bright Davies-Teye , Dominique Seo , Abree Johnson , Jennifer Stuart , Mehmet Burcu , Nader Hanna , Eberechukwu Onukwugha , M. Minhaj Siddiqui","doi":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clgc.2025.102424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Heterogeneity in disease presentation in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) creates significant variability in treatment patterns and outcomes across risk and clinical subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A descriptive analysis of NMIBC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2017 using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), examined trends and patterns in treatment practices, postradical cystectomy (RC) outcomes, and survival overall and by subgroups. The American Urological Association/Society of Urologic Oncology risk stratification guideline was used to categorize patients into low-intermediate (LIR) and high-risk groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among newly diagnosed NMIBC patients (N = 324,646), 78.6% received TURBT without BCG, and 17.4% received BCG as part of their first course of treatment. Treatment patterns differed by risk groups. The high-risk group had lower TURBT without BCG than LIR (64.7% vs. 90.8%), but higher BCG (28.3% vs. 8.0%) and RC (5.5% vs. 0.5%). In the high-risk group, BCG and RC rates were higher in cT1/cTs than cTa patients. Over time, from 2004-2008 to 2013-2017, the use of BCG (12.6%-21.3%) and RC (2.2%-3.0%) increased, while TURBT-without BCG (84.3%-74.5%) decreased. Post-RC 90-day mortality was higher in high-risk than in LIR patients (4.6% vs. 2.8%). Five-year survival probabilities were unchanged over time. A post-hoc analysis revealed that 14% of patients received postoperative intravesical chemotherapy, with no notable differences in patient characteristics between this subgroup and the overall population.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Unmet medical needs for NMIBC patients persist, as many high-risk patients do not receive guideline-recommended care, and survival outcomes remain largely unchanged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10380,"journal":{"name":"Clinical genitourinary cancer","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 102424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145508485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}