S. De Bruyne, Stijn Van Landeghem, A. Schauwvlieghe, L. Noens
{"title":"Life-threatening autoimmune hemolytic anemia following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: don’t be too prudent with the red gold","authors":"S. De Bruyne, Stijn Van Landeghem, A. Schauwvlieghe, L. Noens","doi":"10.1515/cclm-2022-0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-0118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10388,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)","volume":"14 1","pages":"e125 - e128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79079429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biological variation and reference change value as decision criteria in clinical use of tumor biomarkers. Are they really useful?","authors":"R. Dittadi, A. Fabricio, M. Gion","doi":"10.1515/cclm-2022-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-0047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10388,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)","volume":"31 1","pages":"e136 - e137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77194034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kurstjens, Thomas de Bel, A. van der Horst, R. Kusters, J. Krabbe, J. V. van Balveren
Abstract Objectives Computational algorithms for the interpretation of laboratory test results can support physicians and specialists in laboratory medicine. The aim of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a machine learning algorithm that automatically assesses the risk of low body iron storage, reflected by low ferritin plasma levels, in anemic primary care patients using a minimal set of basic laboratory tests, namely complete blood count and C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods Laboratory measurements of anemic primary care patients were used to develop and validate a machine learning algorithm. The performance of the algorithm was compared to twelve specialists in laboratory medicine from three large teaching hospitals, who predicted if patients with anemia have low ferritin levels based on laboratory test reports (complete blood count and CRP). In a second round of assessments the algorithm outcome was provided to the specialists in laboratory medicine as a decision support tool. Results Two separate algorithms to predict low ferritin concentrations were developed based on two different chemistry analyzers, with an area under the curve of the ROC of 0.92 (Siemens) and 0.90 (Roche). The specialists in laboratory medicine were less accurate in predicting low ferritin concentrations compared to the algorithms, even when knowing the output of the algorithms as support tool. Implementation of the algorithm in the laboratory system resulted in one new iron deficiency diagnosis on average per day. Conclusions Low ferritin levels in anemic patients can be accurately predicted using a machine learning algorithm based on routine laboratory test results. Moreover, implementation of the algorithm in the laboratory system reduces the number of otherwise unrecognized iron deficiencies.
{"title":"Automated prediction of low ferritin concentrations using a machine learning algorithm","authors":"S. Kurstjens, Thomas de Bel, A. van der Horst, R. Kusters, J. Krabbe, J. V. van Balveren","doi":"10.1515/cclm-2021-1194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-1194","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Computational algorithms for the interpretation of laboratory test results can support physicians and specialists in laboratory medicine. The aim of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a machine learning algorithm that automatically assesses the risk of low body iron storage, reflected by low ferritin plasma levels, in anemic primary care patients using a minimal set of basic laboratory tests, namely complete blood count and C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods Laboratory measurements of anemic primary care patients were used to develop and validate a machine learning algorithm. The performance of the algorithm was compared to twelve specialists in laboratory medicine from three large teaching hospitals, who predicted if patients with anemia have low ferritin levels based on laboratory test reports (complete blood count and CRP). In a second round of assessments the algorithm outcome was provided to the specialists in laboratory medicine as a decision support tool. Results Two separate algorithms to predict low ferritin concentrations were developed based on two different chemistry analyzers, with an area under the curve of the ROC of 0.92 (Siemens) and 0.90 (Roche). The specialists in laboratory medicine were less accurate in predicting low ferritin concentrations compared to the algorithms, even when knowing the output of the algorithms as support tool. Implementation of the algorithm in the laboratory system resulted in one new iron deficiency diagnosis on average per day. Conclusions Low ferritin levels in anemic patients can be accurately predicted using a machine learning algorithm based on routine laboratory test results. Moreover, implementation of the algorithm in the laboratory system reduces the number of otherwise unrecognized iron deficiencies.","PeriodicalId":10388,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)","volume":"15 1","pages":"1921 - 1928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73710770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Gao, Xin-ai Yue, Wanrong Huang, F. Yu, Lang Qin
{"title":"Trimester-specific reference values for the anticardiolipin antibody by chemiluminescence immunoassay in healthy pregnancy","authors":"Rui Gao, Xin-ai Yue, Wanrong Huang, F. Yu, Lang Qin","doi":"10.1515/cclm-2022-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-0044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10388,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)","volume":"47 1","pages":"e146 - e149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85086418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objectives The diagnosis of sepsis is challenging, the need for sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers has not been met. Soluble CD25 (sCD25) is a readily available biomarker reported to represent the severity of the disease. This study aimed to assess the association between sCD25 and mortality in patients with sepsis. Methods In total, 329 adult patients with sepsis were screened through a prospective, observational study. We investigated the severity scores and sCD25 levels at admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), defined by sepsis (sepsis-3). The prognostic value of sCD25 was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and binary logistic regression models in predicting unfavourable outcome. The correlations between variables and severity of disease were analysed by Spearman correlation tests. Results After entering the ICU, the sCD25 level and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. The prognostic values estimated by the ROC curves were 0.678 for sCD25 and 0.945 for SOFA score at ICU admission. sCD25 had a modest ability to predict poor outcome. Logistic regression showed that increased levels of sCD25 were independently associated with unfavourable outcome. Spearman correlation tests showed that sCD25 levels were positively correlated with disease severity. Conclusions In sepsis patients, increased sCD25 levels were independently associated with poor clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of this relationship.
{"title":"Prognostic significance of soluble CD25 in patients with sepsis: a prospective observational study","authors":"Chun-Mei Huang, Xinjie Xu, Wenqi Qi, Qinmin Ge","doi":"10.1515/cclm-2022-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-0068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives The diagnosis of sepsis is challenging, the need for sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers has not been met. Soluble CD25 (sCD25) is a readily available biomarker reported to represent the severity of the disease. This study aimed to assess the association between sCD25 and mortality in patients with sepsis. Methods In total, 329 adult patients with sepsis were screened through a prospective, observational study. We investigated the severity scores and sCD25 levels at admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), defined by sepsis (sepsis-3). The prognostic value of sCD25 was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and binary logistic regression models in predicting unfavourable outcome. The correlations between variables and severity of disease were analysed by Spearman correlation tests. Results After entering the ICU, the sCD25 level and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. The prognostic values estimated by the ROC curves were 0.678 for sCD25 and 0.945 for SOFA score at ICU admission. sCD25 had a modest ability to predict poor outcome. Logistic regression showed that increased levels of sCD25 were independently associated with unfavourable outcome. Spearman correlation tests showed that sCD25 levels were positively correlated with disease severity. Conclusions In sepsis patients, increased sCD25 levels were independently associated with poor clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of this relationship.","PeriodicalId":10388,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)","volume":"76 1","pages":"952 - 958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73332164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Felix Wachter, A. Regensburger, Antonia Sophia Peter, F. Knieling, A. Wagner, David Simon, A. Hoerning, J. Woelfle, K. Überla, A. Neubert, M. Rauh
Abstract Objectives The assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children is still challenging, but essential for appropriate political decisions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether residual blood samples can be used for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence monitoring in pediatrics. Methods In this repeated cross-sectional cohort study, anonymous residual blood samples from pediatric patients aged 0–17 years were collected in three time-periods (Oct.–Nov. 2020, April 2021, and June–July 2021) and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (anti-S) and nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibodies using commercial antibody assays. 28 reactive samples were used to compare antibody levels with a pseudotyped neutralization assay. The results were further compared to the official national COVID-19 surveillance data to calculate the number of unreported cases. Results In total, n=2,626 individual blood samples were analyzed. In this unvaccinated pediatric cohort anti-S and anti-N antibody seroprevalence increased over the three time periods (anti-S: 1.38–9.16%, and 14.59%; anti-N: 1.26%, to 6.19%, and 8.56%). Compared to the national surveillance data this leads to a 3.93–5.66-fold increase in the number of unreported cases. However, a correlation between the cumulative incidence of the individual provinces and our assigned data was found (r=0.74, p=0.0151). In addition, reactive samples with anti-S and anti-N and samples with only anti-S showed neutralization capabilities (11/14 and 8/14, respectively). Anti-S levels were not significantly different between age groups and sexes (all p>0.05). Conclusions The present study suggests that residual blood samples from routine laboratory chemistry could be included in the estimation of the total SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children.
{"title":"Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children using residual blood samples from routine clinical chemistry","authors":"Felix Wachter, A. Regensburger, Antonia Sophia Peter, F. Knieling, A. Wagner, David Simon, A. Hoerning, J. Woelfle, K. Überla, A. Neubert, M. Rauh","doi":"10.1515/cclm-2022-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives The assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children is still challenging, but essential for appropriate political decisions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether residual blood samples can be used for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence monitoring in pediatrics. Methods In this repeated cross-sectional cohort study, anonymous residual blood samples from pediatric patients aged 0–17 years were collected in three time-periods (Oct.–Nov. 2020, April 2021, and June–July 2021) and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (anti-S) and nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibodies using commercial antibody assays. 28 reactive samples were used to compare antibody levels with a pseudotyped neutralization assay. The results were further compared to the official national COVID-19 surveillance data to calculate the number of unreported cases. Results In total, n=2,626 individual blood samples were analyzed. In this unvaccinated pediatric cohort anti-S and anti-N antibody seroprevalence increased over the three time periods (anti-S: 1.38–9.16%, and 14.59%; anti-N: 1.26%, to 6.19%, and 8.56%). Compared to the national surveillance data this leads to a 3.93–5.66-fold increase in the number of unreported cases. However, a correlation between the cumulative incidence of the individual provinces and our assigned data was found (r=0.74, p=0.0151). In addition, reactive samples with anti-S and anti-N and samples with only anti-S showed neutralization capabilities (11/14 and 8/14, respectively). Anti-S levels were not significantly different between age groups and sexes (all p>0.05). Conclusions The present study suggests that residual blood samples from routine laboratory chemistry could be included in the estimation of the total SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children.","PeriodicalId":10388,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)","volume":"282 1","pages":"941 - 951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80164843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CSF-interleukin 6 for early diagnosis of ventriculitis in a broad intensive care setting","authors":"Sylvia Mink, W. List, P. Reimann, P. Fraunberger","doi":"10.1515/cclm-2021-1233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-1233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10388,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)","volume":"88 1","pages":"e129 - e131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88790149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanni Antonello, Carlo Lo Monaco, P. Napoli, Daniel A. Solimando, C. Curcio, G. Barberio, S. Maoggi, G. Ivaldi, M. Nigra
Abstract Objectives The observation of numerous new structural defects in hemoglobin (Hb) has often been linked to the evolution and development of device technologies used for the separation and quantification of hemoglobin components. However, the increased use of preventive tests for hemoglobinopathies and separative methods to quantify glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) also contributed to these observations, as demonstrated by the case described here. Our aim is to emphasize that different separative method can provide more useful information in patient management. Methods A 64-year-old diabetic woman of Moroccan descent was examined in the context of HbA1c monitoring. The test was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems. Molecular characterization was performed by direct sequencing of the β and α globin genes. Results The two methods used showed the presence of an anomalous fraction identified as HbS, already observed previously, but only through CE it was possible to observe the presence of another variant and its hybrid components. Direct sequencing of β and α globin genes confirmed heterozygous HbS [β6 (A3) Glu→Val; HBB: c.20A>T] and allowed to identify a mutation on the α2, [α114 (GH2) Pro→Leu gene; HBA2: c.344C>T] corresponding to the rare Hb Nouakchott variant. Conclusions The two Hb variants highlighted by the EC and the molecular characterization therefore allowed adequate advice, the correct assessment of HbA1c and metabolic status and therefore better clinical management of the patient. The availability of different instruments in the same laboratory, confirming situations of diagnostic uncertainty, represents a valuable opportunity that should be encouraged.
{"title":"Two co-inherited hemoglobin variants revealed by capillary electrophoresis during quantification of glycated hemoglobin","authors":"Giovanni Antonello, Carlo Lo Monaco, P. Napoli, Daniel A. Solimando, C. Curcio, G. Barberio, S. Maoggi, G. Ivaldi, M. Nigra","doi":"10.1515/cclm-2021-1242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-1242","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives The observation of numerous new structural defects in hemoglobin (Hb) has often been linked to the evolution and development of device technologies used for the separation and quantification of hemoglobin components. However, the increased use of preventive tests for hemoglobinopathies and separative methods to quantify glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) also contributed to these observations, as demonstrated by the case described here. Our aim is to emphasize that different separative method can provide more useful information in patient management. Methods A 64-year-old diabetic woman of Moroccan descent was examined in the context of HbA1c monitoring. The test was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems. Molecular characterization was performed by direct sequencing of the β and α globin genes. Results The two methods used showed the presence of an anomalous fraction identified as HbS, already observed previously, but only through CE it was possible to observe the presence of another variant and its hybrid components. Direct sequencing of β and α globin genes confirmed heterozygous HbS [β6 (A3) Glu→Val; HBB: c.20A>T] and allowed to identify a mutation on the α2, [α114 (GH2) Pro→Leu gene; HBA2: c.344C>T] corresponding to the rare Hb Nouakchott variant. Conclusions The two Hb variants highlighted by the EC and the molecular characterization therefore allowed adequate advice, the correct assessment of HbA1c and metabolic status and therefore better clinical management of the patient. The availability of different instruments in the same laboratory, confirming situations of diagnostic uncertainty, represents a valuable opportunity that should be encouraged.","PeriodicalId":10388,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)","volume":"1999 1","pages":"886 - 890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82792142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Froelich, E. Capoluongo, Z. Kovacs, S. Patton, E. Lianidou, V. Haselmann
Abstract Disruptive imaging and laboratory technologies can improve clinical decision processes and outcomes in oncology. However, certain obstacles must be overcome before these technologies can be fully implemented as part of the standard for care. An integrative diagnostic approach represents a unique opportunity to unleash the full diagnostic potential and paves the way towards personalized cancer diagnostics. To meet this demand, an interdisciplinary Task Force of the EFLM was initiated as a consequence of an EFLM/ESR during the CELME 2019 meeting in order to evaluate the clinical value of CNAPS/CTC (circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum/circulating tumor cells) in early detection of cancer. Here, an overview of current disruptive techniques, their clinical implications and potential value of an integrative diagnostic approach is provided. Furthermore, requirements such as the establishment of diagnostic tumor boards, development of adequate software solutions and a change of mindset towards a new generation of diagnosticians providing actionable health information are presented. This development has the potential to elevate the position and clinical recognition of diagnosticians.
{"title":"The value proposition of integrative diagnostics for (early) detection of cancer. On behalf of the EFLM interdisciplinary Task and Finish Group “CNAPS/CTC for early detection of cancer”","authors":"M. Froelich, E. Capoluongo, Z. Kovacs, S. Patton, E. Lianidou, V. Haselmann","doi":"10.1515/cclm-2022-0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-0129","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Disruptive imaging and laboratory technologies can improve clinical decision processes and outcomes in oncology. However, certain obstacles must be overcome before these technologies can be fully implemented as part of the standard for care. An integrative diagnostic approach represents a unique opportunity to unleash the full diagnostic potential and paves the way towards personalized cancer diagnostics. To meet this demand, an interdisciplinary Task Force of the EFLM was initiated as a consequence of an EFLM/ESR during the CELME 2019 meeting in order to evaluate the clinical value of CNAPS/CTC (circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum/circulating tumor cells) in early detection of cancer. Here, an overview of current disruptive techniques, their clinical implications and potential value of an integrative diagnostic approach is provided. Furthermore, requirements such as the establishment of diagnostic tumor boards, development of adequate software solutions and a change of mindset towards a new generation of diagnosticians providing actionable health information are presented. This development has the potential to elevate the position and clinical recognition of diagnosticians.","PeriodicalId":10388,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)","volume":"22 1","pages":"821 - 829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83739273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-frontmatter3
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/cclm-2022-frontmatter3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-frontmatter3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10388,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81544623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：