Clinical calcium最新文献

Pregnancy and lactation associated osteoporosis(PLO)is a rare disorder for women during pregnancy, the post-partum period, or while breastfeeding. It still remains unknown factors in its pathogenesis. That makes it there is no evident strategy for PLO now. In most cases, bone mineral density(BMD)of PLO patients spontaneously recovers after giving lactation up. On the other hand, patients with severe cases sometimes need bone specific therapy. There are some reports that show bisphosphonate, teriparatide and/or denosumab are effective on PLO cases. When the patients have wishes for having babies, we have to pay attention if the prescription effect on next pregnancy.

The annual meeting of ASBMR was held in Montr?al Convention Center between September 28th and October 1st, 2018. Many scientific papers concerning bone, mineral metabolism, muscle and so on were presented as usual. There were several new attempts such as discussion about clinically difficult cases and sessions for young scientists in this meeting. I will introduce several papers concerning cancer treatment-induced bone loss and treatment of patients with PTH-deficient hypoparathyroidism.

Wnt ligands activate β-catenin-dependent canonical and -independent non-canonical signaling pathways. Recent studies established importance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in bone accrual. Antibodies against the Wnt inhibitor sclerostin and those against the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 have been shown to be effective for increasing bone mass. In addition to their effects on bone formation, roles of Wnt signals in bone resorption are gradually clarified. In this review, we would like to introduce recent advances in roles of Wnt signals in osteoclast formation and functions and regulation of sclerostin expression by osteoclasts.

Osteocytes has many functions such as sensing mechanical stress to bone, regulating formation and activity of osteoclasts as well as modulation of bone metabolism and function of other organs through production of humoral factors such as sclerostin and FGF23. Sclerostin suppresses bone formation and stimulate bone resorption by inhibiting Wnt activity. FGF23 regulates phosphate metabolism mainly acting on kidney. In contrast, it is also reported that sclerostin works in kidney and FGF23 inhibits Wnt activity in osteoblasts. However, the physiological significance of these actions of sclerostin and FGF23 needs to be established by future investigations.

This is a brief report on ASBMR 2018 held at Montreal, Quebec, Canada, focusing on basic research. Topics of ASBMR 2018 were varied among wide research fields, however, this report focuses on several topics because of spatio-temporal restriction of attendees. Also, the selected topics were very limited according to the author's interests.

There are a lot of progressive topics about osteoporosis and sarcopenia in 2018 ASBMR Annual Meeting, involving an association between diabetes and bone microarchitecture, associations between atypical femoral fractures and bisphosphonate drug holidays as well as pre-treatment bone mineral density, an effect of combined denosumab and high-dose teriparatide on bone parameters, and relationships between muscle and deuterated creatine, a selective androgen receptor modulator, and high-dose vitamin D supplementation.

This is a brief report summarizing topics in ASBMR 2018 held at Montreal, Canada in September 28th to October 1st, 2018. In this report, I would like to introduce several topics from clinical research concerning bone and mineral metabolism other than osteoporosis. One of the topics in this area is the progress of research and development of drugs for rare skeletal diseases, which have been considered to be difficult to treat. Especially, there were many abstracts concerning burosumab, which is a new therapeutic medicine for FGF23-related hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia. In addition, I will focus on the papers concerning muscle, osteocalcin, vitamin D and microbiota.

Cellular metabolites such as acetylcoenzyme A and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide control gene transcription via modulating the reader or eraser protein in histone modification. A ketone body, D-β-hydroxybutyrate is an endogenous metabolite which has been reported as a class Ⅰ histone deacetylases(HDACs). In this chapter, a molecular basis of the ketone body in transcriptional control and protection against oxidative stress is reviewed and discussed.

Many important results concerning several drugs for osteoporosis have been presented in ASBMR 2017 meeting. Longer use of denosumab for up to 10 years was shown to induce lower risk of fractures. In addition, antiresorptives were shown to be useful after abaloparatide or romosozumab. Now that several important drugs have been already developed for osteoporosis, research and drug development for other musculoskeletal organs than bone are necessary.

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing giant polykaryons that differentiate from mononuclear macrophage/monocyte-lineage hematopoietic precursors. We have originally established an advanced imaging system for visualizing the in vivo behavior of mature osteoclasts in living bone tissues with intravital multiphoton microscopy. By means of this system, we could grasp the real time-course of osteoclastic bone resorption, and identified two distinct functional states of differentiated osteoclasts, 'bone-resorptive' and 'non-resorptive'. Intravital imaging also revealed that various biologic drugs acted directly on mature osteoclasts during inflammatory bone destruction. In this review, we show the latest data of intravital imaging of osteoclast dynamics.