Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.997-1002.2001
C. Stöllberger, G. Mölzer, J. Finsterer
ABSTRACT Infections are assumed to play a role in coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiomyopathies. It is unknown whether the seroprevalence of antibodies to these microorganisms is higher in patients with than without CAD. The seroprevalence of antibodies to Bartonella henselae, Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Coxiella burnetii, Helicobacter pylori, human granulocyticEhrlichia, Leptospira, Rickettsia conorii, andTreponema pallidum was assessed prospectively in patients with exertional dyspnea or anginal chest pain who underwent coronary angiography because of suspected CAD. Patients with normal angiograms (NA) were those in whom no more than 50% stenosis of any coronary artery was found. Patients with CAD were patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. There were 50 patients with CAD (9 female) and 62 with NA (25 female), with a mean age of 62 years. All patients had antibodies to at least one microorganism: to B. henselae, 8% of CAD patients and 5% of NA patients; to B. burgdorferi IgG, 14% CAD and 6% NA; to B. burgdorferi IgM, 6% CAD and 3% NA; to C. pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide (LPS) IgA, 76% CAD and 77% NA; to C. pneumoniae LPS IgG, 80% CAD and 90% NA; to C. burnetii, 0% CAD and 5% NA; to H. pylori, 92% CAD and 68% NA; to human granulocytic Ehrlichia, 8% CAD and 3% NA; toLeptospira IgG, 4% CAD and 2% NA; to R. conorii, 10% in both groups; and to T. pallidum, 2% CAD and 0% NA. The seroprevalence of antibodies to micro-organisms known to induce arterial and myocardial damage does not differ between patients with CAD and NA.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Microorganisms Known To Cause Arterial and Myocardial Damage in Patients with or without Coronary Stenosis","authors":"C. Stöllberger, G. Mölzer, J. Finsterer","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.997-1002.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.997-1002.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Infections are assumed to play a role in coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiomyopathies. It is unknown whether the seroprevalence of antibodies to these microorganisms is higher in patients with than without CAD. The seroprevalence of antibodies to Bartonella henselae, Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Coxiella burnetii, Helicobacter pylori, human granulocyticEhrlichia, Leptospira, Rickettsia conorii, andTreponema pallidum was assessed prospectively in patients with exertional dyspnea or anginal chest pain who underwent coronary angiography because of suspected CAD. Patients with normal angiograms (NA) were those in whom no more than 50% stenosis of any coronary artery was found. Patients with CAD were patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. There were 50 patients with CAD (9 female) and 62 with NA (25 female), with a mean age of 62 years. All patients had antibodies to at least one microorganism: to B. henselae, 8% of CAD patients and 5% of NA patients; to B. burgdorferi IgG, 14% CAD and 6% NA; to B. burgdorferi IgM, 6% CAD and 3% NA; to C. pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide (LPS) IgA, 76% CAD and 77% NA; to C. pneumoniae LPS IgG, 80% CAD and 90% NA; to C. burnetii, 0% CAD and 5% NA; to H. pylori, 92% CAD and 68% NA; to human granulocytic Ehrlichia, 8% CAD and 3% NA; toLeptospira IgG, 4% CAD and 2% NA; to R. conorii, 10% in both groups; and to T. pallidum, 2% CAD and 0% NA. The seroprevalence of antibodies to micro-organisms known to induce arterial and myocardial damage does not differ between patients with CAD and NA.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"15 1","pages":"997 - 1002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74510283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1021-1023.2001
F. Paulsen, T. Pufe, W. Petersen, B. Tillmann
ABSTRACT In view of frequent present use of invasive procedures on limb joints, it is astonishing that articular joint inflammation is a rare event. We questioned whether antimicrobial peptides play a role in protecting human articular cartilage and synovial membrane against inflammatory agents. Our results implicate defensins in the protection of human articular joints against pathogens.
{"title":"Expression of Natural Peptide Antibiotics in Human Articular Cartilage and Synovial Membrane","authors":"F. Paulsen, T. Pufe, W. Petersen, B. Tillmann","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1021-1023.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1021-1023.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In view of frequent present use of invasive procedures on limb joints, it is astonishing that articular joint inflammation is a rare event. We questioned whether antimicrobial peptides play a role in protecting human articular cartilage and synovial membrane against inflammatory agents. Our results implicate defensins in the protection of human articular joints against pathogens.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1021 - 1023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87262116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1028-1030.2001
M. Narita, Hiroshi Tanaka, S. Yamada, S. Abe, T. Ariga, Y. Sakiyama
ABSTRACT We found elevated levels of interleukin-8 in pleural fluid samples from patients with pleural effusion and with a sustained fibrotic change of the lung due to Mycoplasma pneumoniaeinfection. This result suggests a critical role of interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of a certain type of pulmonary disease caused by M. pneumoniae.
{"title":"Significant Role of Interleukin-8 in Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Disease Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniaeInfection","authors":"M. Narita, Hiroshi Tanaka, S. Yamada, S. Abe, T. Ariga, Y. Sakiyama","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1028-1030.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1028-1030.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We found elevated levels of interleukin-8 in pleural fluid samples from patients with pleural effusion and with a sustained fibrotic change of the lung due to Mycoplasma pneumoniaeinfection. This result suggests a critical role of interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of a certain type of pulmonary disease caused by M. pneumoniae.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1028 - 1030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91248142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1012-1014.2001
Alberto López-Yap, A. Abdelnour, B. Lomonte, Ó. Porras
ABSTRACT We evaluated children (15-months old and older) with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and normal levels of immunoglobulins in serum for specific polysaccharide immunodeficiency using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results showed that of 12 patients vaccinated with Act-HIB vaccine, one did not develop specific antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b, demonstrating that such immunodeficiency is present in Costa Rican children.
{"title":"Serum Antibody Response to Polysaccharides in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections","authors":"Alberto López-Yap, A. Abdelnour, B. Lomonte, Ó. Porras","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1012-1014.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1012-1014.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We evaluated children (15-months old and older) with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and normal levels of immunoglobulins in serum for specific polysaccharide immunodeficiency using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results showed that of 12 patients vaccinated with Act-HIB vaccine, one did not develop specific antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b, demonstrating that such immunodeficiency is present in Costa Rican children.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"37 1","pages":"1012 - 1014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89710582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.937-942.2001
C. Bristow, Hirenkumar Patel, R. Arnold
ABSTRACT We have recently found that an extracellular protein, α1 proteinase inhibitor (α1PI; α1 antitrypsin), is required for in vitro human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity outcome. We show here in a study of HIV-seropositive patients that decreased viral load is significantly correlated with decreased circulating α1PI. In the asymptomatic category of HIV disease, 100% of patients manifest deficient levels of active α1PI, a condition known to lead to degenerative lung diseases and a dramatically reduced life span. Further, HIV-associated α1PI deficiency is correlated with circulating anti-α1PI immunoglobulin G. These results suggest that preventing HIV-associated α1PI deficiency may provide a strategic target for preventing HIV-associated pathophysiology.
{"title":"Self Antigen Prognostic for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Progression","authors":"C. Bristow, Hirenkumar Patel, R. Arnold","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.937-942.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.937-942.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We have recently found that an extracellular protein, α1 proteinase inhibitor (α1PI; α1 antitrypsin), is required for in vitro human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity outcome. We show here in a study of HIV-seropositive patients that decreased viral load is significantly correlated with decreased circulating α1PI. In the asymptomatic category of HIV disease, 100% of patients manifest deficient levels of active α1PI, a condition known to lead to degenerative lung diseases and a dramatically reduced life span. Further, HIV-associated α1PI deficiency is correlated with circulating anti-α1PI immunoglobulin G. These results suggest that preventing HIV-associated α1PI deficiency may provide a strategic target for preventing HIV-associated pathophysiology.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":"937 - 942"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77947202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.864-866.2001
M. Clerici, S. Declich, G. Rizzardini
Recent data (10) show that enteric helminthic infections result in the secretion of type 2 cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-5, IL-6, IL-10) and a type 1-to-type 2 shift in cytokine profiles. The predominant production of type 2 cytokines is associated with a reduced incidence of gastritis and gastric atrophy in individuals who are coinfected with helminths and Helicobacter felis. The authors suggest that these results justify the low rate of gastric cancer observed in African individuals (the “African enigma”), a population in which helminthic infections are widespread. We are convinced that the importance of the African enigma goes well beyond the modulation of gastric cancer and that the cytokine profile observed in African individuals can justify the peculiarities that characterize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Africa. To summarize: an abnormal activation of the immune system has repeatedly been postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of African HIV infection (3); and data stemming from analyses performed over an extended period of time in the Gulu District of northern Uganda, where the prevalence of HIV infection ranges between 14 and 25%, confirm that lymphocytes from African HIV-infected individuals show functional and phenotypic signs of abnormal activation. Thus, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), gamma interferon (IFN-), and IL-10 production are increased when the level of cytokine production by antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of African HIV-infected individuals is compared to that of PBMCs of HIV-infected European patients; and the percentages of IL-10- and TNFproducing CD4 and CD8 cells in these individuals are increased (7, 17, 18). Additionally, the numbers of CD4 and HLA class II-expressing lymphocytes and the CD4 CD45ROCD4CD45RA ratio are augmented in African subjects compared to those in European subjects. Interestingly, immune activation in the African setting is not limited to HIV-infected individuals, as TNF-, IFN-, and IL-10 production is greatly augmented in individuals not infected with HIV as well (7). Immune activation in African subjects could result from environmental conditions, including parasitic infections, poor hygienic conditions, and dietary limitations, or could be the
{"title":"African Enigma: Key Player in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis in Developing Countries?","authors":"M. Clerici, S. Declich, G. Rizzardini","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.864-866.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.864-866.2001","url":null,"abstract":"Recent data (10) show that enteric helminthic infections result in the secretion of type 2 cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-5, IL-6, IL-10) and a type 1-to-type 2 shift in cytokine profiles. The predominant production of type 2 cytokines is associated with a reduced incidence of gastritis and gastric atrophy in individuals who are coinfected with helminths and Helicobacter felis. The authors suggest that these results justify the low rate of gastric cancer observed in African individuals (the “African enigma”), a population in which helminthic infections are widespread. We are convinced that the importance of the African enigma goes well beyond the modulation of gastric cancer and that the cytokine profile observed in African individuals can justify the peculiarities that characterize human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Africa. To summarize: an abnormal activation of the immune system has repeatedly been postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of African HIV infection (3); and data stemming from analyses performed over an extended period of time in the Gulu District of northern Uganda, where the prevalence of HIV infection ranges between 14 and 25%, confirm that lymphocytes from African HIV-infected individuals show functional and phenotypic signs of abnormal activation. Thus, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), gamma interferon (IFN-), and IL-10 production are increased when the level of cytokine production by antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of African HIV-infected individuals is compared to that of PBMCs of HIV-infected European patients; and the percentages of IL-10- and TNFproducing CD4 and CD8 cells in these individuals are increased (7, 17, 18). Additionally, the numbers of CD4 and HLA class II-expressing lymphocytes and the CD4 CD45ROCD4CD45RA ratio are augmented in African subjects compared to those in European subjects. Interestingly, immune activation in the African setting is not limited to HIV-infected individuals, as TNF-, IFN-, and IL-10 production is greatly augmented in individuals not infected with HIV as well (7). Immune activation in African subjects could result from environmental conditions, including parasitic infections, poor hygienic conditions, and dietary limitations, or could be the","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"9 1","pages":"864 - 866"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75531959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.993-996.2001
C. Pérez, S. Rudoy
ABSTRACT Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), or Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, is a gammaherpesvirus first detected in Kaposi's sarcoma tumor cells and subsequently in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) tumor cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PEL patients. PEL has been recognized as an individual nosologic entity based on its distinctive features and consistent association with HHV-8 infection. PEL is an unusual form of body cavity-based B-cell lymphoma (BCBL). It occurs predominantly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients but occasionally also in elderly HIV-negative patients. We describe a case of PEL, with ascites, bilateral pleural effusions, and a small axillary lymphadenopathy, in a 72-year-old HIV-negative man. PCR performed on a lymph node specimen and in liquid effusion was positive for HHV-8 and negative for Epstein-Barr virus. The immunophenotype of the neoplastic cells was B CD19+ CD20+ CD22+ with coexpression of CD10 and CD23 and with clonal kappa light chain rearrangement. The patient was treated with Rituximab, a chimeric (human-mouse) anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Thirteen months later, the patient continued in clinical remission. This is the first report of an HHV-8-associated BCBL in an HIV-negative patient in Argentina.
{"title":"Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment of Human Herpesvirus 8-Associated, Body Cavity-Based Lymphoma with an Unusual Phenotype in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Patient","authors":"C. Pérez, S. Rudoy","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.993-996.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.993-996.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), or Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, is a gammaherpesvirus first detected in Kaposi's sarcoma tumor cells and subsequently in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) tumor cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PEL patients. PEL has been recognized as an individual nosologic entity based on its distinctive features and consistent association with HHV-8 infection. PEL is an unusual form of body cavity-based B-cell lymphoma (BCBL). It occurs predominantly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients but occasionally also in elderly HIV-negative patients. We describe a case of PEL, with ascites, bilateral pleural effusions, and a small axillary lymphadenopathy, in a 72-year-old HIV-negative man. PCR performed on a lymph node specimen and in liquid effusion was positive for HHV-8 and negative for Epstein-Barr virus. The immunophenotype of the neoplastic cells was B CD19+ CD20+ CD22+ with coexpression of CD10 and CD23 and with clonal kappa light chain rearrangement. The patient was treated with Rituximab, a chimeric (human-mouse) anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Thirteen months later, the patient continued in clinical remission. This is the first report of an HHV-8-associated BCBL in an HIV-negative patient in Argentina.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"69 1","pages":"993 - 996"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80348530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.972-979.2001
L. Plitnick, R. Jordan, J. Banas, D. Jelley-Gibbs, M. Walsh, Mark T Preissler, E. Gosselin
ABSTRACT Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is associated with the cell envelope of most gram-positive bacteria. Although previously thought to act mainly as a virulence factor by virtue of its adhesive nature, evidence is now provided that LTA can also suppress the function of interleukin-2 (IL-2), an autocrine growth factor for T cells. LTA from four separate bacterial strains lowered the levels of detectable IL-2 during a peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to the antigen tetanus toxoid (TT). T-cell proliferation in response to TT was similarly inhibited by LTA. In contrast, levels of detectable gamma interferon increased. In addition, LTA inhibited IL-2 detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and blocked the proliferative response of an IL-2-dependent T-cell line to soluble IL-2. Further studies using ELISA demonstrated that LTA blocks IL-2 detection and function by binding directly to IL-2. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that IL-2 binding to T cells is inhibited in the presence of purified LTA but not LTA plus anti-LTA monoclonal antibody. In summary, these studies demonstrate a novel effect of LTA on the immune response through direct binding to IL-2 and inhibition of IL-2 function. Importantly, gram-positive organisms from which LTA is obtained not only play an important role in the pathology of diseases such as bacterial endocarditis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ failure but also comprise a significant portion of commensal populations within the human host. Inhibition of IL-2 function by LTA may represent yet another mechanism by which gram-positive bacteria dampen the host immune response and facilitate survival. Thus, LTA provides a potential target for therapeutic intervention when gram-positive organisms are involved.
{"title":"Lipoteichoic Acid Inhibits Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Function by Direct Binding to IL-2","authors":"L. Plitnick, R. Jordan, J. Banas, D. Jelley-Gibbs, M. Walsh, Mark T Preissler, E. Gosselin","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.972-979.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.972-979.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is associated with the cell envelope of most gram-positive bacteria. Although previously thought to act mainly as a virulence factor by virtue of its adhesive nature, evidence is now provided that LTA can also suppress the function of interleukin-2 (IL-2), an autocrine growth factor for T cells. LTA from four separate bacterial strains lowered the levels of detectable IL-2 during a peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to the antigen tetanus toxoid (TT). T-cell proliferation in response to TT was similarly inhibited by LTA. In contrast, levels of detectable gamma interferon increased. In addition, LTA inhibited IL-2 detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and blocked the proliferative response of an IL-2-dependent T-cell line to soluble IL-2. Further studies using ELISA demonstrated that LTA blocks IL-2 detection and function by binding directly to IL-2. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that IL-2 binding to T cells is inhibited in the presence of purified LTA but not LTA plus anti-LTA monoclonal antibody. In summary, these studies demonstrate a novel effect of LTA on the immune response through direct binding to IL-2 and inhibition of IL-2 function. Importantly, gram-positive organisms from which LTA is obtained not only play an important role in the pathology of diseases such as bacterial endocarditis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiple organ failure but also comprise a significant portion of commensal populations within the human host. Inhibition of IL-2 function by LTA may represent yet another mechanism by which gram-positive bacteria dampen the host immune response and facilitate survival. Thus, LTA provides a potential target for therapeutic intervention when gram-positive organisms are involved.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"135 1 1","pages":"972 - 979"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83548351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.895-898.2001
I. Jado, A. Fenoll, J. Casal, A. Perez
ABSTRACT The gene encoding the pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) protein has been identified in three different viridans group streptococcal species. Comparative studies of the psaA gene identified in different pneumococcal isolates by sequencing PCR products showed a high degree of conservation among these strains. PsaA is encoded by an open reading frame of 930 bp. The analysis of this fragment inStreptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, andStreptococcus anginosus strains revealed a sequence identity of 95, 94, and 90%, respectively, to the corresponding open reading frame of the previously reported Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B strain. Our results confirm thatpsaA is present and detectable in heterologous bacterial species. The possible implications of these results for the suitability and potential use of PsaA in the identification and diagnosis of pneumococcal diseases are discussed.
{"title":"Identification of the psaA Gene, Coding for Pneumococcal Surface Adhesin A, in Viridans Group Streptococci other than Streptococcus pneumoniae","authors":"I. Jado, A. Fenoll, J. Casal, A. Perez","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.895-898.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.895-898.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The gene encoding the pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) protein has been identified in three different viridans group streptococcal species. Comparative studies of the psaA gene identified in different pneumococcal isolates by sequencing PCR products showed a high degree of conservation among these strains. PsaA is encoded by an open reading frame of 930 bp. The analysis of this fragment inStreptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, andStreptococcus anginosus strains revealed a sequence identity of 95, 94, and 90%, respectively, to the corresponding open reading frame of the previously reported Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B strain. Our results confirm thatpsaA is present and detectable in heterologous bacterial species. The possible implications of these results for the suitability and potential use of PsaA in the identification and diagnosis of pneumococcal diseases are discussed.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"11 1","pages":"895 - 898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88842302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1018-1020.2001
H. Kessler, D. Deuretzbacher, E. Stelzl, E. Daghofer, B. Santner, E. Marth
ABSTRACT The existence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes has many important implications for the global evolution of HIV and for the evaluation of pathogenicity, transmissibility, and candidate HIV vaccines. The aim of this study was to establish a rapid method for determination of HIV-1 subtypes useful for a routine diagnostic laboratory and to investigate the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Austrian patients. Samples were tested by a subtyping method based on a 1.3-kb sequence of the polymerase gene generated by a commercially available drug resistance assay. The generated sequence was subtyped by means of an HIV sequence database. Results of 74 routine samples revealed subtype B (71.6%) as the predominant subtype, followed by subtype A (13.5%) and subtype C (6.8%). Subtypes E, F, G, and AE (CM240) were also detected. This subtyping method was found to be very easy to handle, rapid, and inexpensive and has proved suitable for high-throughput routine diagnostic laboratories. The specific polymerase gene sequence, however, must be existent.
{"title":"Determination of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtypes by a Rapid Method Useful for the Routine Diagnostic Laboratory","authors":"H. Kessler, D. Deuretzbacher, E. Stelzl, E. Daghofer, B. Santner, E. Marth","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1018-1020.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.1018-1020.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The existence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes has many important implications for the global evolution of HIV and for the evaluation of pathogenicity, transmissibility, and candidate HIV vaccines. The aim of this study was to establish a rapid method for determination of HIV-1 subtypes useful for a routine diagnostic laboratory and to investigate the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Austrian patients. Samples were tested by a subtyping method based on a 1.3-kb sequence of the polymerase gene generated by a commercially available drug resistance assay. The generated sequence was subtyped by means of an HIV sequence database. Results of 74 routine samples revealed subtype B (71.6%) as the predominant subtype, followed by subtype A (13.5%) and subtype C (6.8%). Subtypes E, F, G, and AE (CM240) were also detected. This subtyping method was found to be very easy to handle, rapid, and inexpensive and has proved suitable for high-throughput routine diagnostic laboratories. The specific polymerase gene sequence, however, must be existent.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"1018 - 1020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79781879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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