Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X-C1-028
P. Mukhopadhyayp
{"title":"Microneedles: A painless approach for enhancement of transdermal drug delivery","authors":"P. Mukhopadhyayp","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X-C1-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X-C1-028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78999476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-23DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000181
A. Ferreira, C. Mostarda, C. Dias, L. C. Paixão, Flávio de Oliveira Pires, Emydia Rosa do Rego Barros Pires Leal, Marcelo Souza de Andrade
The objective of the study was to show carvacrol isolad in in vitro and in vivo assays to verify the effects of their dosages on different application areas. The searches were realized in the following databases, pubmed, and academic google using the descriptors carvacrol; carvacrol and in vitro; carvacrol and in vivo. Thus that in academic google we still use in the advanced search, exclusion of patents and references, as well the inclusion the articles that had the descriptors present in the title. For eligibility, there were 13 articles for analysis. In which, the carvacrol proved to be effective with antimicrobial action, anti-carcinogenic, immune system cell protector, reducer of gastrointestinal lesions, optimizer anti-carcinogenic drug in nanoparticles, as well as mitotic index reducer in bone marrow cells used in high dosages. In conclusion, it is understood that the dosage applied in the right amount can be efficient in the cancer control and elimination of bacteria, in which the carvacrol acts as promising herbal remedy for clinical use.
{"title":"Effect of Carvacrol Tested on Different in vivo and in vitro Experimental Studies: Systematic Review","authors":"A. Ferreira, C. Mostarda, C. Dias, L. C. Paixão, Flávio de Oliveira Pires, Emydia Rosa do Rego Barros Pires Leal, Marcelo Souza de Andrade","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to show carvacrol isolad in in vitro and in vivo assays to verify the effects of their dosages on different application areas. The searches were realized in the following databases, pubmed, and academic google using the descriptors carvacrol; carvacrol and in vitro; carvacrol and in vivo. Thus that in academic google we still use in the advanced search, exclusion of patents and references, as well the inclusion the articles that had the descriptors present in the title. For eligibility, there were 13 articles for analysis. In which, the carvacrol proved to be effective with antimicrobial action, anti-carcinogenic, immune system cell protector, reducer of gastrointestinal lesions, optimizer anti-carcinogenic drug in nanoparticles, as well as mitotic index reducer in bone marrow cells used in high dosages. In conclusion, it is understood that the dosage applied in the right amount can be efficient in the cancer control and elimination of bacteria, in which the carvacrol acts as promising herbal remedy for clinical use.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90120475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-065x.1000187
Hiroki Maruoka, K. Shimoke
{"title":"Possible Neuronal Toxin in Plastics Discarded in Rivers and the Ocean","authors":"Hiroki Maruoka, K. Shimoke","doi":"10.4172/2167-065x.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065x.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74867056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-065x.1000185
Md. Razowanul Ferdous, Ashrafudoulla, Md Shohel Hossain, S. Bellah
Antioxidant, analgesic and antidiarrheal activities of Litsea monopetala (LM) leaves extracts were investigated in order to assessment of pharmacological activities. In vitro antioxidant properties, in vivo analgesic and antidiarrheal activities were investigated in this study. Antioxidant plays a remarkable role to protect different kinds of diseases of human by inhibiting free radicals. 1, 1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging was considered to evaluate the antioxidant property. Analgesic and antidiarrheal activities were investigated in acetic acid induced writhing and castor oil induced antidiarrheal method by white albino mice, respectively. Methanolic extract of LM leaves has shown antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 223.22 μg/ml which was compared to the standard ascorbic acid. This extract of LM at a dose of 500 mg/kg showed statistically significantly (p<0.001) and produced 68.75% writhing inhibition of mice while standard diclofenac sodium drug has shown 76.25% inhibition. LM also produced a significant (P<0.01) reduction in the frequency of diarrhea produced by castor oil in mice compared with Loperamide (50 mg/kg) standard. This study clearly supports the medicinal value of LM`s leaves. However, further study is required to find out the active components which are responsible for these activities.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant, Analgesic and Antidiarrheal Activities of Methanolic Extract of Litsea monopetala (roxb.) Leaves","authors":"Md. Razowanul Ferdous, Ashrafudoulla, Md Shohel Hossain, S. Bellah","doi":"10.4172/2167-065x.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065x.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidant, analgesic and antidiarrheal activities of Litsea monopetala (LM) leaves extracts were investigated in order to assessment of pharmacological activities. In vitro antioxidant properties, in vivo analgesic and antidiarrheal activities were investigated in this study. Antioxidant plays a remarkable role to protect different kinds of diseases of human by inhibiting free radicals. 1, 1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging was considered to evaluate the antioxidant property. Analgesic and antidiarrheal activities were investigated in acetic acid induced writhing and castor oil induced antidiarrheal method by white albino mice, respectively. Methanolic extract of LM leaves has shown antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 223.22 μg/ml which was compared to the standard ascorbic acid. This extract of LM at a dose of 500 mg/kg showed statistically significantly (p<0.001) and produced 68.75% writhing inhibition of mice while standard diclofenac sodium drug has shown 76.25% inhibition. LM also produced a significant (P<0.01) reduction in the frequency of diarrhea produced by castor oil in mice compared with Loperamide (50 mg/kg) standard. This study clearly supports the medicinal value of LM`s leaves. However, further study is required to find out the active components which are responsible for these activities.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77057370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-065x.1000e130
Antoine Al Achi
{"title":"Are Thermodynamic Principles Important to Teach in Pharmacy Education","authors":"Antoine Al Achi","doi":"10.4172/2167-065x.1000e130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065x.1000e130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75814468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000e131
A. Thiyagarajan
{"title":"Advancement in Thalassemia Treatment: A View from Gene Therapy","authors":"A. Thiyagarajan","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000e131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000e131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90526362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000182
İ. Doğan
{"title":"Pharmaceuticals from Production to Sale","authors":"İ. Doğan","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87008113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000184
Khatune Jannat, Md. Ashrafudoulla, Md. Furkanur Rahaman Mizan, S. Islam
Background: In this study was tried to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial, thrombolytic with cytotoxic activity and in vivo anti-diabetic and lipid lowering activity of different fraction of methanolic extract of Solanum melongena which is widely used in the folkloric treatment in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to find out the fundamental mechanisms of the plant extracts which might be helpful in the overall folkloric treatments in Bangladesh.Results: In anti-diabetic and lipid lowering assay, plant extract reduce glucose level with Urea, protein and total cholesterol level goes to reduce with prolonged treatment by using plant extract. In thrombolytic assay, positive control streptokinase showed 94.21% lysis of clot and negative control distilled water showed 1.53% of clot. Chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) exhibited highest thrombolytic activity 11.13%. Antimicrobial screening at 400 μg/dise revealed antimicrobial activity in opposition to the tested microorganisms and the inhibition zone range was 8 to 13 mm. In brine shrimp lethality, LC50 μg/ml and LC90 μg/ml were obtained for different extracts after 18, 20 and 22 hours gradually. Such as after 18 hours LC50 μg/ml and LC90 μg/ml for distilled crude extract are 2.055 and 5.083, 3.112 and 6.225 for distilled n-hexane extract, 2.421 and 5.369 for distilled ccl3 extract and 4.00 and 6.948 for distilled Ethyl acetate gradually.Conclusion: Our results yield that crude methanolic extract has better effects than the other in all trials. By reviewing this study, it is very clear that the methanolic extract of Solanum melongena has shown pharmacological effect with its traditional use.
{"title":"In vivo Anti-diabetic and Lipid Lowering Activity and In vitro Antimicrobial, Thrombolytic and Cytotoxic Activity of Different Fraction of Methanolic Extract of Solanum melongena","authors":"Khatune Jannat, Md. Ashrafudoulla, Md. Furkanur Rahaman Mizan, S. Islam","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this study was tried to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial, thrombolytic with cytotoxic activity and in vivo anti-diabetic and lipid lowering activity of different fraction of methanolic extract of Solanum melongena which is widely used in the folkloric treatment in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to find out the fundamental mechanisms of the plant extracts which might be helpful in the overall folkloric treatments in Bangladesh.Results: In anti-diabetic and lipid lowering assay, plant extract reduce glucose level with Urea, protein and total cholesterol level goes to reduce with prolonged treatment by using plant extract. In thrombolytic assay, positive control streptokinase showed 94.21% lysis of clot and negative control distilled water showed 1.53% of clot. Chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) exhibited highest thrombolytic activity 11.13%. Antimicrobial screening at 400 μg/dise revealed antimicrobial activity in opposition to the tested microorganisms and the inhibition zone range was 8 to 13 mm. In brine shrimp lethality, LC50 μg/ml and LC90 μg/ml were obtained for different extracts after 18, 20 and 22 hours gradually. Such as after 18 hours LC50 μg/ml and LC90 μg/ml for distilled crude extract are 2.055 and 5.083, 3.112 and 6.225 for distilled n-hexane extract, 2.421 and 5.369 for distilled ccl3 extract and 4.00 and 6.948 for distilled Ethyl acetate gradually.Conclusion: Our results yield that crude methanolic extract has better effects than the other in all trials. By reviewing this study, it is very clear that the methanolic extract of Solanum melongena has shown pharmacological effect with its traditional use.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89456908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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