Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000183
LiDong Cai, Shao-wen Liu
Ganglionated Plexus (GP) is a complex neural network composed by intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) and is mainly located in fat pads around the antrum of the pulmonary veins (PVs). Recent studies demonstrated hyperactivity of GPs and atrial fibrillation (AF) formed a vicious cycle, to be specific, hyperactivity of the cardiac GPs facilitated the initiation and maintenance of AF and the activity of cardiac GPs increased as AF continued. In addition, research has confirmed that the Nav1.8 channel is highly expressed in GPs and is closely related to activity of GPs and the inducibility of AF. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an important neurotrophic factor and the expression of NGF in GPs is up-regulated during AF over time, which could trigger the release of SP in the heart via TRPV1 signaling pathways. Besides, SP could rapidly increase the activity of the Nav1.8 channel, demonstrating the increment of Sensory nerve action potentials. Therefore, we hypothesized that up-regulated NGF during AF could increase the activity of GPs through TRPV1-SP-Nav1.8 channel pathways and contributes to stability of AF. If this hypothesis is proved to be correct, future studies based on this link may help to find new therapeutic targets for the treatment of AF.
{"title":"Nerve Growth Factor Mediates the Vious Cycle between Hyperactivity ofGanglionated Plexus and Atrial Fibrillation","authors":"LiDong Cai, Shao-wen Liu","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"Ganglionated Plexus (GP) is a complex neural network composed by intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) and is mainly located in fat pads around the antrum of the pulmonary veins (PVs). Recent studies demonstrated hyperactivity of GPs and atrial fibrillation (AF) formed a vicious cycle, to be specific, hyperactivity of the cardiac GPs facilitated the initiation and maintenance of AF and the activity of cardiac GPs increased as AF continued. In addition, research has confirmed that the Nav1.8 channel is highly expressed in GPs and is closely related to activity of GPs and the inducibility of AF. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an important neurotrophic factor and the expression of NGF in GPs is up-regulated during AF over time, which could trigger the release of SP in the heart via TRPV1 signaling pathways. Besides, SP could rapidly increase the activity of the Nav1.8 channel, demonstrating the increment of Sensory nerve action potentials. Therefore, we hypothesized that up-regulated NGF during AF could increase the activity of GPs through TRPV1-SP-Nav1.8 channel pathways and contributes to stability of AF. If this hypothesis is proved to be correct, future studies based on this link may help to find new therapeutic targets for the treatment of AF.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77164571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-16DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000180
Á. Alvarado-Yarasca, Ana Muñoz-Jauregui, L. Quiñones-Sepúlveda, F. Lizaraso-Soto, A. Salazar-Granara, Luis Sullón-Dextre, Juan J. Palomino-Jhong, Jorge Antonio García-Ceccarelli
Introduction: Therapeutic equivalence of medications is carried out through in vitro and in vivo studies called bioequivalence studies. Objective: To determine the in vitro therapeutic equivalence of the 5 mg glibenclamide multi-source tablets respecting the reference medicine. Materials and methods: Both, the multi-source drug 5 mg glibenclamide and the reference 5 mg Glidiabet are made in Peru, and were acquired in a drugstore of Ica city (Peru). Reagents and an analytical grade standard were used. The Ultraviolet absorption method at 300 nm was used on each of the three dissolution media. Results: Neither the multi-source drug T nor the reference R dissolved by 85% at pH 1.2 and at pH 4.5, during 15 or 30 minutes. However, at pH 6.8 dissolution occurs. These results correspond to Food and Drug Administration and United States Pharmacopoeia criteria. The similarity factor value was within the acceptance range (50-100) for the three tested pHs. Dissolution efficiency was 68.66% (pH 1.2), 56.59% (pH 4.5) and 95.98% (pH 6.8). The mean of in vitro dissolution time was 28.56 min (pH 1.2), 39.97 min (pH 4.5) and 4.54 min (pH 6.8). Conclusion: According to the similarity factor (f2) and the efficiency of dissolution, it is concluded that the multisource drug 5 mg glibenclamide of the present study is therapeutically equivalent in vitro to the reference 5 mg Glidiabet.
药物的治疗等效性是通过体外和体内研究进行的，称为生物等效性研究。目的:以对照药为参照，确定5 mg格列本脲多源片的体外治疗等效性。材料与方法:多源药物格列本脲5mg和参比药物glidiabetes 5mg均为秘鲁产，购自秘鲁伊卡市一家药店。使用试剂和分析级标准。三种溶出介质均采用300 nm紫外吸收法。结果:在pH为1.2和pH为4.5的条件下，多源药物T和对照药物R在15分钟和30分钟内均未溶解85%。然而，在pH为6.8时发生溶解。这些结果符合美国食品和药物管理局和美国药典的标准。三个试验ph值的相似因子值均在可接受范围(50-100)内。溶出率分别为68.66% (pH 1.2)、56.59% (pH 4.5)和95.98% (pH 6.8)。平均体外溶出时间分别为28.56 min (pH 1.2)、39.97 min (pH 4.5)和4.54 min (pH 6.8)。结论:根据相似因子(f2)和溶出效率，得出本研究多源药物5mg格列本脲与参比药物5mg glidiabetes体外治疗等效的结论。
{"title":"Study of in vitro Therapeutic Equivalence of the 5 mg Glibenclamide Multi-source Tablets Respecting the Reference Medicine Product","authors":"Á. Alvarado-Yarasca, Ana Muñoz-Jauregui, L. Quiñones-Sepúlveda, F. Lizaraso-Soto, A. Salazar-Granara, Luis Sullón-Dextre, Juan J. Palomino-Jhong, Jorge Antonio García-Ceccarelli","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Therapeutic equivalence of medications is carried out through in vitro and in vivo studies called bioequivalence studies. \u0000Objective: To determine the in vitro therapeutic equivalence of the 5 mg glibenclamide multi-source tablets respecting the reference medicine. \u0000Materials and methods: Both, the multi-source drug 5 mg glibenclamide and the reference 5 mg Glidiabet are made in Peru, and were acquired in a drugstore of Ica city (Peru). Reagents and an analytical grade standard were used. The Ultraviolet absorption method at 300 nm was used on each of the three dissolution media. \u0000Results: Neither the multi-source drug T nor the reference R dissolved by 85% at pH 1.2 and at pH 4.5, during 15 or 30 minutes. However, at pH 6.8 dissolution occurs. These results correspond to Food and Drug Administration and United States Pharmacopoeia criteria. The similarity factor value was within the acceptance range (50-100) for the three tested pHs. Dissolution efficiency was 68.66% (pH 1.2), 56.59% (pH 4.5) and 95.98% (pH 6.8). The mean of in vitro dissolution time was 28.56 min (pH 1.2), 39.97 min (pH 4.5) and 4.54 min (pH 6.8). \u0000Conclusion: According to the similarity factor (f2) and the efficiency of dissolution, it is concluded that the multisource drug 5 mg glibenclamide of the present study is therapeutically equivalent in vitro to the reference 5 mg Glidiabet.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83976327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-16DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000179
S. Abraham, H. Jethwa
“It is more important to know what sort of a patient has a disease than what sort of a disease a patient has” (Hippocrates 460 BC-370 BC). The holy grail of drug discovery is to ensure that an individual responds positively to an investigational drug with minimal or no adverse events. This could then translate to newly discovered drugs being licenced for prescribing as safe and effective therapeutics. Pharmacogenomics may herald the technology for this aspiration to become reality. Uniting the disciplines of pharmacology and genomics, pharmacogenomics provides a mechanism to understand and predict the response of an individual to a drug or group of drugs. This is based on the premise that an individual’s genotype affects the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and, ultimately, the individual’s their response to a drug. This review will begin by reviewing the history of drug development and then proceed to discuss the use of pharmacogenomics in drug development through case studies in oncology, respiratory and vaccinology. It will then go on to discuss how pharmacogenomics presently influences prescribing practices and how this technology may have the potential to enhance patient safety when medicines are administered.
{"title":"Pharmacogenomics: The Scientific Basis of Rational Drug Development and Prescribing","authors":"S. Abraham, H. Jethwa","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000179","url":null,"abstract":"“It is more important to know what sort of a patient has a disease than what sort of a disease a patient has” (Hippocrates 460 BC-370 BC). \u0000The holy grail of drug discovery is to ensure that an individual responds positively to an investigational drug with minimal or no adverse events. This could then translate to newly discovered drugs being licenced for prescribing as safe and effective therapeutics. Pharmacogenomics may herald the technology for this aspiration to become reality. \u0000Uniting the disciplines of pharmacology and genomics, pharmacogenomics provides a mechanism to understand and predict the response of an individual to a drug or group of drugs. This is based on the premise that an individual’s genotype affects the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and, ultimately, the individual’s their response to a drug. \u0000This review will begin by reviewing the history of drug development and then proceed to discuss the use of pharmacogenomics in drug development through case studies in oncology, respiratory and vaccinology. It will then go on to discuss how pharmacogenomics presently influences prescribing practices and how this technology may have the potential to enhance patient safety when medicines are administered.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81676008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-30DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000177
A. Nihad, M. Salami
The study aims to determine changes of Natamycin content in some dairy products (cheese-yoghurt) from different local companies in refrigeration conditions (4oC ± 2oC) or different temperatures (25oC ± 2oC , 40oC ± 2oC) and during exposure to sunlight at room temperature (25oC ± 2oC) using ultraviolet spectrophotometer method. This study was based on the collection of samples at the same day (the same type from the same batch) and used to study the effect of temperature and light on natamycin content in these pervious products. Results of analysis showed that exposure to sunlight and different temperature conditions significantly affected the stability of natamycin. A significant negative correlation exists between natamycin and storage time. Natamycin content was more stable in cheese and yoghurt products when stored under refrigeration conditions (4oC ± 2oC) in a dark place. A little significant effect on natamycin content during exposure to room temperature (25oC ± 2oC) without exposure to sunlight. A more significant effect on natamycin content was found during exposure to high temperatures (40oC ± 2oC) compared to effect of sunlight at 25oC ± 2oC. These results showed that dairy products containing natamycin should be kept away from sunlight and high temperatures.
{"title":"Study of Storage Conditions Effect (Light-Heat) on Natamycin Co ntent and Stability in Some Dairy Products (Cheese-Yoghurt)","authors":"A. Nihad, M. Salami","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000177","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to determine changes of Natamycin content in some dairy products (cheese-yoghurt) from different local companies in refrigeration conditions (4oC ± 2oC) or different temperatures (25oC ± 2oC , 40oC ± 2oC) and during exposure to sunlight at room temperature (25oC ± 2oC) using ultraviolet spectrophotometer method. This study was based on the collection of samples at the same day (the same type from the same batch) and used to study the effect of temperature and light on natamycin content in these pervious products. Results of analysis showed that exposure to sunlight and different temperature conditions significantly affected the stability of natamycin. A significant negative correlation exists between natamycin and storage time. Natamycin content was more stable in cheese and yoghurt products when stored under refrigeration conditions (4oC ± 2oC) in a dark place. A little significant effect on natamycin content during exposure to room temperature (25oC ± 2oC) without exposure to sunlight. A more significant effect on natamycin content was found during exposure to high temperatures (40oC ± 2oC) compared to effect of sunlight at 25oC ± 2oC. These results showed that dairy products containing natamycin should be kept away from sunlight and high temperatures.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82039135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-31DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000176
P. Kaur, A. Mukherjee, Rutkevich As, Rutkevich Eu, PredkAA Va, Gerasimchik Pa
Treatment plan for a patient in ICU is quite complicated as doctors from different specialities take part in it with advanced methods and machines. But the intensive treatment and diseases of the patient also has complications in itself.
{"title":"The Use of H2-Blockers in Intensive Care","authors":"P. Kaur, A. Mukherjee, Rutkevich As, Rutkevich Eu, PredkAA Va, Gerasimchik Pa","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000176","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment plan for a patient in ICU is quite complicated as doctors from different specialities take part in it with advanced methods and machines. But the intensive treatment and diseases of the patient also has complications in itself.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78691517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-31DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000175
PapieAA Adriana, Sramek Vladimir, Pesakova Edita, MatiAAakova Libuse, S. Pavel
Background: Although Extended Release (ER) dosage forms are not suitable for administration via Nasogastric Tube (NGT), they are used in critically ill patients. The aim of this study is to compare pharmacokinetics of intact and crushed ER theophylline capsules and tablets. Methods: Open-label, randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups was conducted on 10 healthy volunteers. They were randomized into Theo plus® 300 (ER tablets) and Eupyllin CR N® 300 (capsules with ER pellets) group. Each group took the same drug orally twice-first prepared (for the NGT administration) by crushing and secondly as an intact dosage form. Theophylline serum levels were taken at baseline, 30 min, 60 min, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h after drug administration. maximum serum concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (Tmax) and area under the serum concentration-time curves over 12 h (AUC12h) were calculated. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Results: Crushing increased Cmax in both Euphyllin (43.8 ± 6.5 vs. 26.5 ± 1.6 μmol/l; p<0.01) and Theoplus (45.2 ± 3.6 vs. 29.4 ± 4.8 μmol/l; p=0.013) groups. Tmax was significantly shorter after administration of crushed dosage forms in Euphyllin (0.9 ± 0.7 vs. 5.6 ± 0.9 h; p<0.001) and Theoplus (1.1 ± 0.5 vs. 9.6 ± 2.5 h; p<0.01) group. Concordantly, drug crushing augmented AUC12 h by 40% in both drugs. Conclusion: Crushing destroyed ER properties of theophylline tablets and capsules and their pharmacokinetic profiles were comparable with immediate release forms.
{"title":"Preparation of Extended-Release Theophylline for Gastric Tube Administration Significantly Impairs Gradual Resorption","authors":"PapieAA Adriana, Sramek Vladimir, Pesakova Edita, MatiAAakova Libuse, S. Pavel","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000175","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although Extended Release (ER) dosage forms are not suitable for administration via Nasogastric Tube (NGT), they are used in critically ill patients. The aim of this study is to compare pharmacokinetics of intact and crushed ER theophylline capsules and tablets. \u0000Methods: Open-label, randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups was conducted on 10 healthy volunteers. They were randomized into Theo plus® 300 (ER tablets) and Eupyllin CR N® 300 (capsules with ER pellets) group. Each group took the same drug orally twice-first prepared (for the NGT administration) by crushing and secondly as an intact dosage form. Theophylline serum levels were taken at baseline, 30 min, 60 min, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h after drug administration. maximum serum concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (Tmax) and area under the serum concentration-time curves over 12 h (AUC12h) were calculated. Data are presented as mean ± SD. \u0000Results: Crushing increased Cmax in both Euphyllin (43.8 ± 6.5 vs. 26.5 ± 1.6 μmol/l; p<0.01) and Theoplus (45.2 ± 3.6 vs. 29.4 ± 4.8 μmol/l; p=0.013) groups. Tmax was significantly shorter after administration of crushed dosage forms in Euphyllin (0.9 ± 0.7 vs. 5.6 ± 0.9 h; p<0.001) and Theoplus (1.1 ± 0.5 vs. 9.6 ± 2.5 h; p<0.01) group. Concordantly, drug crushing augmented AUC12 h by 40% in both drugs. \u0000Conclusion: Crushing destroyed ER properties of theophylline tablets and capsules and their pharmacokinetic profiles were comparable with immediate release forms.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79717629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-25DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000174
Mahmoud M. Kamel, Lubna Omar El-Farouk, A. Osman, O. Khorshid, Mohamed El Shabrawy-Abdo
Background and aim: Cancer patients treated with doxorubicin are at high risk to develop cardiotoxicity and hyperglycemia. The present study was designed to compare the effect of the two anti-hyperglycemia drugs; metformin and Sitagliptin, in the prevention of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Methods: Cardiotoxicity was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of cumulative dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg over 3 weeks). Metformin or sitagliptin was administrated orally concomitant with intraperitoneal doxorubicin for 3 weeks. Mean body weight, systolic blood pressure, electrocardiographic changes, serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-myocardium band, blood glucose and cardiac malondialdhyde level, cardiac histopathological examination and in vitro cardiac contractility in response to isoprenaline were be assessed. Results: Doxorubicin induced marked cardiotoxicity evidenced by significant deterioration in body weight, systolic blood pressure and heart rate, elevation of ST segment, prolongation of QT interval, elevation in the serum level of creatine kinase-myocardiac band and lactate dehydrogenase, blood glucose and cardiac malondialdhyde level and reduced in vitro cardiac contractility in response to isoprenaline compared to control untreated rats. These changes were associated with histopathological evidence of cardiotoxicity. Administration of either metformin or sitagliptin with doxorubicin resulted in significant improvement in all tested parameters compared with doxorubicin treated rats. Metformin treated rats showed more significant improvement in systolic blood pressure, ST segment elevation, serum enzymes, cardiac malondialdhyde, histopathological finding and in vitro cardiac contractility than sitagliptin treated rats. Conclusion: The present study showed that metformin ameliorated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity better than sitagliptin.
{"title":"Comparative Study of the Protective Effect of Metformin and Sitagliptin against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats","authors":"Mahmoud M. Kamel, Lubna Omar El-Farouk, A. Osman, O. Khorshid, Mohamed El Shabrawy-Abdo","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000174","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim: Cancer patients treated with doxorubicin are at high risk to develop cardiotoxicity and hyperglycemia. The present study was designed to compare the effect of the two anti-hyperglycemia drugs; metformin and Sitagliptin, in the prevention of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. \u0000Methods: Cardiotoxicity was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of cumulative dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg over 3 weeks). Metformin or sitagliptin was administrated orally concomitant with intraperitoneal doxorubicin for 3 weeks. Mean body weight, systolic blood pressure, electrocardiographic changes, serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-myocardium band, blood glucose and cardiac malondialdhyde level, cardiac histopathological examination and in vitro cardiac contractility in response to isoprenaline were be assessed. \u0000Results: Doxorubicin induced marked cardiotoxicity evidenced by significant deterioration in body weight, systolic blood pressure and heart rate, elevation of ST segment, prolongation of QT interval, elevation in the serum level of creatine kinase-myocardiac band and lactate dehydrogenase, blood glucose and cardiac malondialdhyde level and reduced in vitro cardiac contractility in response to isoprenaline compared to control untreated rats. These changes were associated with histopathological evidence of cardiotoxicity. Administration of either metformin or sitagliptin with doxorubicin resulted in significant improvement in all tested parameters compared with doxorubicin treated rats. Metformin treated rats showed more significant improvement in systolic blood pressure, ST segment elevation, serum enzymes, cardiac malondialdhyde, histopathological finding and in vitro cardiac contractility than sitagliptin treated rats. \u0000Conclusion: The present study showed that metformin ameliorated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity better than sitagliptin.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90620794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-21DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000173
Prashant A Pandya
Biosimilars and reference biologics have the same amino acid sequences. Differences in clinically inactive components are generally quite minor. Developments of Bio similar involve a series of complex decision and anyone of which have significant impact on Organization success. Early risk identification allows companies to put preventive measures in place to save development time and maximize return on investment. There are numerous development and regulatory constraints associated with biosimilar development affecting decision of commercialization. It is important to optimize commercialization strategies as regulations are still evolving hence it is vital for the companies to quickly modify biosimilar development strategies matching with the regulatory scenario.
{"title":"Commercializing Biosimilar: Challenges, Strategies and Finding Path toSuccess","authors":"Prashant A Pandya","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000173","url":null,"abstract":"Biosimilars and reference biologics have the same amino acid sequences. Differences in clinically inactive components are generally quite minor. Developments of Bio similar involve a series of complex decision and anyone of which have significant impact on Organization success. Early risk identification allows companies to put preventive measures in place to save development time and maximize return on investment. There are numerous development and regulatory constraints associated with biosimilar development affecting decision of commercialization. It is important to optimize commercialization strategies as regulations are still evolving hence it is vital for the companies to quickly modify biosimilar development strategies matching with the regulatory scenario.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89282481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-12DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000172
M. Reddy
In this review/research article the effect of supplementation of bioavailable calcium to treat or eliminate osteopenia and osteoporosis has been discussed. Various aliments which can be corrected through supplementation of the bioavailable calcium have been documented. The transport of bioavailable calcium (both active and passive) and the conditions under which such transport systems get hampered have also been discussed. The importance of Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics to improve not only the bioavailability but also absorption and assimilation of calcium and other major and minor minerals has also been stressed.
{"title":"Importance of Bioavailable Calcium and Other Minerals to Reduce the Calcium Deficiency Symptoms, Aging, and Other Pertinent Diseases","authors":"M. Reddy","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000172","url":null,"abstract":"In this review/research article the effect of supplementation of bioavailable calcium to treat or eliminate osteopenia and osteoporosis has been discussed. Various aliments which can be corrected through supplementation of the bioavailable calcium have been documented. The transport of bioavailable calcium (both active and passive) and the conditions under which such transport systems get hampered have also been discussed. The importance of Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics to improve not only the bioavailability but also absorption and assimilation of calcium and other major and minor minerals has also been stressed.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75776960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000171
M. Pocuca, J. Cvejić, S. Vukmirović, N. Stilinović, K. Kuhajda, S. Kevrešan, M. Mikov
Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of bile salts, sodium cholate, sodium 12-ketocholate and sodium dehydrocholate, as excipients in ranitidine, aminophylline and phenobarbital tablets on dissolution rate. Methods: Four groups of tablets (control without bile salts and three investigational groups containing different bile salts) were prepared for three different drug substances: ranitidine, aminophylline and phenobarbital. Dissolution rate was measured. Results: Dissolution rate is increased significantly in all investigational groups comparing to the control group in all three drug substances. Discussion: Presented results are very favourable and encouraging in case of dissolution enhancing and should be further investigated, especially in drug substances that are classified in class II and IV as per Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) classification. Conclusion: Bile acid salts are very promising excipients, proven to act as surfactants and as lubricants. Running title: Bile salts as excipients in ranitidine, aminophylline and phenobarbital tablets.
{"title":"Influence of Bile Salts as Excipients in Ranitidine, Aminophylline and Phenobarbital Tablets on Dissolution Rate","authors":"M. Pocuca, J. Cvejić, S. Vukmirović, N. Stilinović, K. Kuhajda, S. Kevrešan, M. Mikov","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000171","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of bile salts, sodium cholate, sodium 12-ketocholate and sodium dehydrocholate, as excipients in ranitidine, aminophylline and phenobarbital tablets on dissolution rate. \u0000Methods: Four groups of tablets (control without bile salts and three investigational groups containing different bile salts) were prepared for three different drug substances: ranitidine, aminophylline and phenobarbital. Dissolution rate was measured. \u0000Results: Dissolution rate is increased significantly in all investigational groups comparing to the control group in all three drug substances. \u0000Discussion: Presented results are very favourable and encouraging in case of dissolution enhancing and should be further investigated, especially in drug substances that are classified in class II and IV as per Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) classification. \u0000Conclusion: Bile acid salts are very promising excipients, proven to act as surfactants and as lubricants. Running title: Bile salts as excipients in ranitidine, aminophylline and phenobarbital tablets.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83816211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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