Here, a new species of mosquito, Topomyia (Suaymyia) puehensis Miyagi, Toma and Okazawa is described from Pueh, Sarawak, Malaysia. e adult male, adult female, pupa, and larva are described in detail. Illustrations of the male genitalia, female abdomen, pupa, and larva are also provided. is species is easily distinguished from all known species of the subgenus Suaymyia by the characteristic male genitalia. e larvae, which were collected individually from the leaf axils of taro aroid plants, are predacious, possessing well-developed maxillae apparently adapted for grasping prey.
{"title":"Description of a new mosquito species, Topomyia (Suaymyia) puehensis, (Diptera: Culicidae) from Sarawak, Malaysia","authors":"I. Miyagi, T. Toma, T. Okazawa, Siew Fui Wong","doi":"10.7601/mez.73.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.73.7","url":null,"abstract":"Here, a new species of mosquito, Topomyia (Suaymyia) puehensis Miyagi, Toma and Okazawa is described from Pueh, Sarawak, Malaysia. e adult male, adult female, pupa, and larva are described in detail. Illustrations of the male genitalia, female abdomen, pupa, and larva are also provided. is species is easily distinguished from all known species of the subgenus Suaymyia by the characteristic male genitalia. e larvae, which were collected individually from the leaf axils of taro aroid plants, are predacious, possessing well-developed maxillae apparently adapted for grasping prey.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115927026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: From 2015 to 2020, we investigated the arthropods except psocids and micro mites inhabiting the nests of three species of swallows from six prefectures (Ibaraki, Saitama, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Nagano, and Shizuoka) in Honshu, Japan. Sixty-three nests were examined ̶ 51 for the barn swallow Hirundo rustica , and 6 each for the house martin Delichon dasypus and the house swift Apus nipalensis . More than 13 species of arthropods were found in the nests, including Oeciacus hirundinis (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), Anthocoridae gen. sp. (Hemiptera), Stenepteryx hirundinis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), Ceratophyllus farreni chaoi (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), Ceratophyllus gallinae dilatus (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), Dermestidae gen. sp. (Coleoptera), Ptinidae gen. sp. (Coleoptera), Anobiidae gen. sp. (Coleoptera), Lepidoptera gen. sp., Argas japonicus (Acari: Argasidae), Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae), Dermanyssus hirundinis (Acari: Dermanyssidae), and Araneae gen. sp. Ceratophyllus gallinae dilatus and A. japonicus were collected from nests of H. rustica for the first time. Furthermore, H. rustica was recorded as a new host of S. hirundinis in Japan. The detection rates of blood-sucking arthropods in the new nests (nests built the year they were removed) and used nests (nests built on old material, and used up to the year the nest was removed) of H. rustica were compared. Ceratophyllus gallinae dilatus and A. japonicus were not collected from new nests, but were collected from used nests and there was a significant difference in the detection rates of both species from new and used
{"title":"Blood-sucking arthropods collected from swallow nests in Honshu, Japan, with comparison of new and used nests","authors":"N. Komatsu, T. Yamauchi","doi":"10.7601/mez.73.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.73.25","url":null,"abstract":": From 2015 to 2020, we investigated the arthropods except psocids and micro mites inhabiting the nests of three species of swallows from six prefectures (Ibaraki, Saitama, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Nagano, and Shizuoka) in Honshu, Japan. Sixty-three nests were examined ̶ 51 for the barn swallow Hirundo rustica , and 6 each for the house martin Delichon dasypus and the house swift Apus nipalensis . More than 13 species of arthropods were found in the nests, including Oeciacus hirundinis (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), Anthocoridae gen. sp. (Hemiptera), Stenepteryx hirundinis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), Ceratophyllus farreni chaoi (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), Ceratophyllus gallinae dilatus (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), Dermestidae gen. sp. (Coleoptera), Ptinidae gen. sp. (Coleoptera), Anobiidae gen. sp. (Coleoptera), Lepidoptera gen. sp., Argas japonicus (Acari: Argasidae), Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae), Dermanyssus hirundinis (Acari: Dermanyssidae), and Araneae gen. sp. Ceratophyllus gallinae dilatus and A. japonicus were collected from nests of H. rustica for the first time. Furthermore, H. rustica was recorded as a new host of S. hirundinis in Japan. The detection rates of blood-sucking arthropods in the new nests (nests built the year they were removed) and used nests (nests built on old material, and used up to the year the nest was removed) of H. rustica were compared. Ceratophyllus gallinae dilatus and A. japonicus were not collected from new nests, but were collected from used nests and there was a significant difference in the detection rates of both species from new and used","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131457165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takahiro Shirozu, Nobuaki Seki, Akira Soga, S. Fukumoto
Vector control is crucial for mitigation of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria. e emergence of insecticide resistance has begun to hamper vector control in recent years. Novel vector control strategies that do not depend on chemical insecticides are needed. We evaluated the potential of venoms, the poisonous secretion of the animals, as sources of novel mosquitocidal molecules. We screened for mosquitocidal e ects of seven venoms, using Melittin (Mel) as a positive control by microinjection using the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Tf2, Hm3a (Hm3), Chlorotoxin (Ctx) and Mel caused signi cantly high mortality among these mosquitoes. To identify the most e ective venom, we assayed for the lowest e ective dose of Tf2, Hm3, Ctx, and Mel. Tf2 displayed the highest mosquitocidal potency. We next determined the LD50 of Tf2 against An. stephensi mosquitoes. e LD50 of Tf2 against An. stephensi was 5.9×10−13 mol/mosquito. Our results indicated that Tf2 was the most e ective candidate venom molecule for a novel vector control agent. Further research regarding Tf2 is expected to contribute to the control of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria.
{"title":"Evaluation of mosquitocidal efficacy of Scorpion Toxin Tf2 from Tityus fasciolatus against Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes","authors":"Takahiro Shirozu, Nobuaki Seki, Akira Soga, S. Fukumoto","doi":"10.7601/mez.72.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.72.255","url":null,"abstract":"Vector control is crucial for mitigation of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria. e emergence of insecticide resistance has begun to hamper vector control in recent years. Novel vector control strategies that do not depend on chemical insecticides are needed. We evaluated the potential of venoms, the poisonous secretion of the animals, as sources of novel mosquitocidal molecules. We screened for mosquitocidal e ects of seven venoms, using Melittin (Mel) as a positive control by microinjection using the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Tf2, Hm3a (Hm3), Chlorotoxin (Ctx) and Mel caused signi cantly high mortality among these mosquitoes. To identify the most e ective venom, we assayed for the lowest e ective dose of Tf2, Hm3, Ctx, and Mel. Tf2 displayed the highest mosquitocidal potency. We next determined the LD50 of Tf2 against An. stephensi mosquitoes. e LD50 of Tf2 against An. stephensi was 5.9×10−13 mol/mosquito. Our results indicated that Tf2 was the most e ective candidate venom molecule for a novel vector control agent. Further research regarding Tf2 is expected to contribute to the control of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133542475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Maekawa, Rui Kimura, Asuka Kasai, M. Takeuchi, Mizue Inumaru, Yukita Sato, O. Komagata, K. Sawabe, Y. Tsuda
irty years have passed since the last surveillance of the mosquito fauna on the entire Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Herein, we report the results of a mosquito study conducted on the Ogasawara Islands in 2015 and 2017. In this study, 2,371 individuals belonging to seven species in three genera were collected, including 262 mosquitoes belonging to ve species in three genera collected in 2015 and 2,109 specimens representing six species in three genera obtained in 2017. e dominant species in dry-ice trap collections were Culex boninensis and Cx. quinquefasciatus, and the latter was dominant in yeast trap collections. Aedes albopictus, Ae. savoryi, and Cx. boninensis were dominant in sweep net collections, while Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were dominant in the larval collection. Culex boninensis and Ae. albopictus were widely distributed on the islands. Gene sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from 55 specimens belonging to the seven species in the three genera, including four endemic species (Ae. wadai, Ae. savoryi, Cx. boninensis, and Lutzia shinonagai), were registered in GenBank. Genetic distance analysis showed low intraspeci c variations and low mean genetic distances (between 0.0% and 0.8%), indicating signi cant homogeneity among mosquito populations on the Ogasawara Islands.
{"title":"Faunal and genetic studies of mosquitoes on Chichi-jima and Haha-jima, the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan","authors":"Y. Maekawa, Rui Kimura, Asuka Kasai, M. Takeuchi, Mizue Inumaru, Yukita Sato, O. Komagata, K. Sawabe, Y. Tsuda","doi":"10.7601/mez.72.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.72.237","url":null,"abstract":"irty years have passed since the last surveillance of the mosquito fauna on the entire Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Herein, we report the results of a mosquito study conducted on the Ogasawara Islands in 2015 and 2017. In this study, 2,371 individuals belonging to seven species in three genera were collected, including 262 mosquitoes belonging to ve species in three genera collected in 2015 and 2,109 specimens representing six species in three genera obtained in 2017. e dominant species in dry-ice trap collections were Culex boninensis and Cx. quinquefasciatus, and the latter was dominant in yeast trap collections. Aedes albopictus, Ae. savoryi, and Cx. boninensis were dominant in sweep net collections, while Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were dominant in the larval collection. Culex boninensis and Ae. albopictus were widely distributed on the islands. Gene sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from 55 specimens belonging to the seven species in the three genera, including four endemic species (Ae. wadai, Ae. savoryi, Cx. boninensis, and Lutzia shinonagai), were registered in GenBank. Genetic distance analysis showed low intraspeci c variations and low mean genetic distances (between 0.0% and 0.8%), indicating signi cant homogeneity among mosquito populations on the Ogasawara Islands.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":" 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114053215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Differences in rates of diapause induction are thought to produce differences in the distribution of flies. Therefore, we investigated differences in the day length for entering diapause and effective chill treatment for termination of pupal diapause in Parasarcophaga similis and Boettcherisca peregrina flies found in Japan. Results showed maximum rates of diapause incidence for P. similis colonies from Sapporo, Tokyo and Nagasaki were 98% under 13L : 11D at 20°C, 100% under 11L : 13D and 80% under 10L : 14D, respectively. Diapause incidences for B. peregrina colonies from Tokyo and Nagasaki were 100% and 98% under 13L : 11D at 20°C. Emergence rates for diapausing pupae of P. similis (Sapporo) chilled at 4°C then transferred to diapause-terminating conditions at 27°C (16L : 8D) or 20°C (11L : 13D) were 65% and 80%. In B. peregrina (Tokyo), chill treatment was effective for 89% emergence. Adult P. similis (Sapporo) flies emerging from pupae that experienced chill treatment laid larvae that entered diapause at an incidence of 99.5%, whereas adult B. peregrina (Tokyo) laid 22% larvae destined for diapause. These flesh flies appear to move into new environments by successfully developing the ability to emerge at lower temperatures and possibly avoiding the maternal effect.
{"title":"Emergence at lower temperatures facilitates movement of the flesh flies Parasarcophaga similis and Boettcherisca peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) into temperate and subarctic regions","authors":"A. Moribayashi, H. Kurahashi, DeMar Taylor","doi":"10.7601/mez.72.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.72.213","url":null,"abstract":": Differences in rates of diapause induction are thought to produce differences in the distribution of flies. Therefore, we investigated differences in the day length for entering diapause and effective chill treatment for termination of pupal diapause in Parasarcophaga similis and Boettcherisca peregrina flies found in Japan. Results showed maximum rates of diapause incidence for P. similis colonies from Sapporo, Tokyo and Nagasaki were 98% under 13L : 11D at 20°C, 100% under 11L : 13D and 80% under 10L : 14D, respectively. Diapause incidences for B. peregrina colonies from Tokyo and Nagasaki were 100% and 98% under 13L : 11D at 20°C. Emergence rates for diapausing pupae of P. similis (Sapporo) chilled at 4°C then transferred to diapause-terminating conditions at 27°C (16L : 8D) or 20°C (11L : 13D) were 65% and 80%. In B. peregrina (Tokyo), chill treatment was effective for 89% emergence. Adult P. similis (Sapporo) flies emerging from pupae that experienced chill treatment laid larvae that entered diapause at an incidence of 99.5%, whereas adult B. peregrina (Tokyo) laid 22% larvae destined for diapause. These flesh flies appear to move into new environments by successfully developing the ability to emerge at lower temperatures and possibly avoiding the maternal effect.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"316 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129650069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Tsunoda, D. Nguyen, Trang Vi Quyen, D. T. Vu, P. V. Tran, N. Minakawa
: The attractive baited lethal ovitrap, an autocidal ovitrap, is an alternative tool to control mosquitoes by attracting ovipositing females to lay their eggs in artificial containers. Ovitrap attracts female mosquitoes by biotic factors, such as larval food and conspecific larvae. Long-lasting matrix-release formulations containing 2% pyriproxyfen, SumiLarv ® 2MR, are less harmful to the environment and can effectively reduce targeted mosquitoes for at least six months. We examined the effects of SumiLarv ® 2MR on attraction of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) to biotic factors, such as larval food and conspecific larvae, by two-choice tests. For both species, no significant difference arose between water containing SumiLarv ® 2MR and water alone. Both species laid more eggs in cups with larval food prepared two days before, and the attraction to the food was not affected by pyriproxyfen. Conspecific larvae of both species did not show attraction clearly but pyriproxyfen might increase attraction to conspecifics in Ae. albopictus . SumiLarv ® 2MR did not deter gravid females of both species and did not reduce the effects of the larval food, suggesting that SumiLarv ® 2MR is a promising formulation for lethal ovitraps.
{"title":"Effects of long-lasting pyriproxyfen formulation on biotic attractant factors for egg-laying in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"T. Tsunoda, D. Nguyen, Trang Vi Quyen, D. T. Vu, P. V. Tran, N. Minakawa","doi":"10.7601/mez.72.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.72.221","url":null,"abstract":": The attractive baited lethal ovitrap, an autocidal ovitrap, is an alternative tool to control mosquitoes by attracting ovipositing females to lay their eggs in artificial containers. Ovitrap attracts female mosquitoes by biotic factors, such as larval food and conspecific larvae. Long-lasting matrix-release formulations containing 2% pyriproxyfen, SumiLarv ® 2MR, are less harmful to the environment and can effectively reduce targeted mosquitoes for at least six months. We examined the effects of SumiLarv ® 2MR on attraction of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) to biotic factors, such as larval food and conspecific larvae, by two-choice tests. For both species, no significant difference arose between water containing SumiLarv ® 2MR and water alone. Both species laid more eggs in cups with larval food prepared two days before, and the attraction to the food was not affected by pyriproxyfen. Conspecific larvae of both species did not show attraction clearly but pyriproxyfen might increase attraction to conspecifics in Ae. albopictus . SumiLarv ® 2MR did not deter gravid females of both species and did not reduce the effects of the larval food, suggesting that SumiLarv ® 2MR is a promising formulation for lethal ovitraps.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122770292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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