Daisuke Kobayashi, Astri Nur Faizah, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Mamoru Watanabe, Y. Maekawa, Toshihiko Hayashi, Y. Higa, K. Sawabe, H. Isawa
Trypanosoma are known to be a diverse group of parasites that infect animals belonging to all classes in the subphylum Vertebrata and are important pathogens that a ect human and animal health. Although many trypanosomatids have been found in mammals and birds in Japan, information regarding their invertebrate host is currently lacking. During our virome analyses of ticks and horse ies, several trypanosoma-like sequences were found. Further sequence characterization and PCR-based screening revealed trypanosomatids termed Trypanosoma sp. 17ISK-T2 and 17ISK-T22 in the nymphs of Haemaphysalis ava, and T. theileri-like sequences in Tabanus ru dens. ese results indicate that virome analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) can also be used as a tool for protozoan detection from arthropods. Further investigations will assist in understanding the diversity and transmission dynamics of these parasites in Japan.
{"title":"Analysis of Trypanosoma sequences from Haemaphysalis flava (Acari: Ixodidae) and Tabanus rufidens (Diptera: Tabanidae) collected in Ishikawa, Japan","authors":"Daisuke Kobayashi, Astri Nur Faizah, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Mamoru Watanabe, Y. Maekawa, Toshihiko Hayashi, Y. Higa, K. Sawabe, H. Isawa","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.279","url":null,"abstract":"Trypanosoma are known to be a diverse group of parasites that infect animals belonging to all classes in the subphylum Vertebrata and are important pathogens that a ect human and animal health. Although many trypanosomatids have been found in mammals and birds in Japan, information regarding their invertebrate host is currently lacking. During our virome analyses of ticks and horse ies, several trypanosoma-like sequences were found. Further sequence characterization and PCR-based screening revealed trypanosomatids termed Trypanosoma sp. 17ISK-T2 and 17ISK-T22 in the nymphs of Haemaphysalis ava, and T. theileri-like sequences in Tabanus ru dens. ese results indicate that virome analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) can also be used as a tool for protozoan detection from arthropods. Further investigations will assist in understanding the diversity and transmission dynamics of these parasites in Japan.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114130495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three new species of the Simulium (Simulium) multistriatum species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Nepal","authors":"H. Takaoka, S. Shrestha, N. Dangi","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124963680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
西尼罗河热的入侵危机以后，蚊媒疾病突然受到关注。过去曾肆虐过的日本脑炎，在1968年以后患者人数大幅减少。那个时期是与卫生动物的相遇，京都市卫生研究所在小型赤家科Culex tritaeniorhynchus看到了Giles。当时，虽然日本脑炎患者人数较少，但在全国范围内开展了日本脑炎流行预测事业。猪舍内的小蚊子采集和种类鉴定，日本脑炎病毒分离用小蚊子的准备工作中，在4°C的低温室内穿着防寒服，将在猪舍内捕获的蚊子分类，按所定的池数分成小蚊子。在研究所学习了蚊子类的种类鉴定。在全国范围内日本脑炎病毒抗原分析事业开始的1969年，进入静冈县卫生研究所(细菌课·病毒室)。没有医学动物部门，只在夏季和夜间在猪舍里采集小型红豆花。猪舍里的黑蟑螂Periplaneta fuliginosa Serville及其卵鞘寄生的蟑螂蜂Tetrastichus1976年7月，我在横滨市卫生研究所医动物室再次就职，开始接触蚊子和黑翅以外的许多卫生动物，以及令人不快的害虫。动物医务室对从市内保健所、企业、市民等带入的各种生物进行了种类鉴定，对食品中混入的昆虫和异物进行了食品中异物检查。另外，对室内尘螨进行了检查，对沙坑进行了检查。狗、猫蛔虫卵检查等顺应时代的要求也很重要。随着日本脑炎的小规模流行和蚊媒传染病的小规模流行，害虫的防治从vector转移到newsun，卫生动物的业务也变得多样化。以应对患有过敏症的市民为代表，在市区住宅区蜂类营巢、蜇伤的事例也一度成为重要案件。在这种情况下，1982年开始委托神奈川县鼠疫控制协会撤去马蜂巢穴。巢鸟的清除也消失了。灰蜘蛛在Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch侵入横滨港时也进行了对应。在我国，虽然没有因蚊虫叮咬引起的严重疾病，但会出现剧烈的瘙痒、疼痛、咬后肿胀等症状。市区内没有被咬伤的情况，但高尔夫球场、山涧溪流等风景名胜区内被咬、吸血的情况严重。从1980年开始，加入了全国鱼饵分布调查，开始了正式的采集调查。黑翅蟑螂Blattella germanica(Linnaeus)是一种常见的都市害虫，在世界范围内广为人知。在地下店铺，餐饮店，集体住宅等建筑物内繁殖，作为卫生害虫，令人不快的害虫成为严重的问题。随着环境治理的推进，新的杀虫剂的开发，蟑螂的驱除方法也发生了变化，但由于抵抗性的增加，驱除蟑螂绝非易事。为了防治蟑螂，了解蟑螂的行为习性也很重要。西尼罗河热入侵危机以后，国家和各地方政府都在第一时间对传播疾病的蚊子进行栖息调查，检测病毒等。我们建立了一系列的防热业务，包括防竹革尼亚热、登革热寨卡病毒等新兴、再流行传染病的发生，在受到入侵威胁的今天，蚊类媒介传染病的对策工作必须继续下去。为了开始这样的工作、研究、调查，地方自治团体的卫生物研究所(现在被称为各种各样的名称)承担的作用非常大。在医学动物室的多方面业务中，介绍一下与昆虫有关的调查和研究的一端。
Lobopterella dimidiatipes was collected in Chichijima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan. is is the rst record of L. dimidiatipes found on the Ogasawara Islands.
本研究采自日本小笠原群岛的父岛。这是在小笠原群岛发现的第一个双翅乳杆菌的记录。
{"title":"Distribution record of Lobopterella dimidiatipes (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) in Chichijima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan","authors":"N. Komatsu","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.337","url":null,"abstract":"Lobopterella dimidiatipes was collected in Chichijima, Ogasawara Islands, Japan. is is the rst record of L. dimidiatipes found on the Ogasawara Islands.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125711238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The emerging coronavirus pandemic has severe impacts on One Health globally. Diseases, zoonoses, and biosecurity are important emerging issues for species conservation at the world zoos. Zoos emphasize public health to protect visitors and zoo staff, and animal hygiene to manage the good health. There is no border between on a zoo ground and neighboring natural environment. Therefore, zoo biosecurity including preventive medicine protocols to protect the animals from infectious diseases transmitted by wildlife are routinely conducted. Infectious diseases of captive animals should be prevented to spread outside. Investigation of rescued wildlife and necropsies of the carcasses found on zoo grounds must be useful monitoring tools of wildlife diseases and provide a baseline measure of the risk by local wildlife. A sparrow mass mortality caused by emerging salmonellosis in Hokkaido, 2008 ‒ 2009. The initial case found dead on a zoo ground was investigated as a preventive medicine program to protect the captive animals and biosecurity. Zoos can work as wildlife disease information networks and an early warning system by monitoring wildlife diseases and conducting biosecurity countermeasures.
{"title":"Zoonoses and biosecurity at zoo, where can work as a wildlife health center for One Health","authors":"D. Fukui","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.265","url":null,"abstract":": The emerging coronavirus pandemic has severe impacts on One Health globally. Diseases, zoonoses, and biosecurity are important emerging issues for species conservation at the world zoos. Zoos emphasize public health to protect visitors and zoo staff, and animal hygiene to manage the good health. There is no border between on a zoo ground and neighboring natural environment. Therefore, zoo biosecurity including preventive medicine protocols to protect the animals from infectious diseases transmitted by wildlife are routinely conducted. Infectious diseases of captive animals should be prevented to spread outside. Investigation of rescued wildlife and necropsies of the carcasses found on zoo grounds must be useful monitoring tools of wildlife diseases and provide a baseline measure of the risk by local wildlife. A sparrow mass mortality caused by emerging salmonellosis in Hokkaido, 2008 ‒ 2009. The initial case found dead on a zoo ground was investigated as a preventive medicine program to protect the captive animals and biosecurity. Zoos can work as wildlife disease information networks and an early warning system by monitoring wildlife diseases and conducting biosecurity countermeasures.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132760147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four new species of black ies of Simulium (Simulium) are described from adults and their associated pupal exuviae and cocoons in Nepal. All these new species, S. tatopaniense, S. dailekhense, S. langbangense, and S. nakanoi, are in the S. tuberosum species-group of the subgenus Simulium Latreille. Simulium dailekhense sp. nov. and S. langtangense are the same species previously reported as S. ramosum Puri and S. ru basis Brunetti from Nepal, respectively. A list of 57 black y species recorded from Nepal is provided.
{"title":"Four new species of the Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Nepal","authors":"H. Takaoka, S. Shrestha, N. Dangi","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.307","url":null,"abstract":"Four new species of black ies of Simulium (Simulium) are described from adults and their associated pupal exuviae and cocoons in Nepal. All these new species, S. tatopaniense, S. dailekhense, S. langbangense, and S. nakanoi, are in the S. tuberosum species-group of the subgenus Simulium Latreille. Simulium dailekhense sp. nov. and S. langtangense are the same species previously reported as S. ramosum Puri and S. ru basis Brunetti from Nepal, respectively. A list of 57 black y species recorded from Nepal is provided.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121707178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Hirabayashi, N. Nihei, Mutsuo Kobayashi, Y. Tsuda, K. Sawabe
Nagano Prefecture, an inland mountain area of Japan, extends widely north and south, with elevation that varies greatly by location. Mosquitoes transmitting infectious disease have a diversity of habitats in Nagano, and many species can be expected there. However, there have been few reports about mosquito fauna in this region; in particular, little information is available on mosquitoes such as Culex (Culex) pipiens complex and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus. In this study, we investigated the mosquito fauna in 17 areas to clarify their horizontal and elevational distribution patterns between July and September from 2012 to 2014. We focused especially on Cx. pipiens complex compared with Ae. albopictus. A total of 1,117 mosquitoes were collected, and identi ed as belonging to 17 species. e most abundant species was Cx. pipiens complex, followed by Ae. albopictus. Both species were mainly collected in the southern and eastern parts of Nagano Prefecture, excluding highland areas. Ae. albopictus was collected at a maximum elevation of 789 m while Cx. pipiens complex was collected at a maximum elevation of 996 m. at means the habitat of Cx. pipiens complex was more widely distributed than that of Ae. albopictus. e annual mean air temperature of the site at 789 m was estimated to be 10.2°C and that of the site at 996 m was estimated to be 8.5°C. ere was a di erence of 207 m in elevational distribution between the two species, with a di erence in annual mean air temperature of 1.7°C.
{"title":"Horizontal and elevational distribution of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes compared with Aedes albopictus in an inland mountain area, Nagano Prefecture, Japan","authors":"K. Hirabayashi, N. Nihei, Mutsuo Kobayashi, Y. Tsuda, K. Sawabe","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.271","url":null,"abstract":"Nagano Prefecture, an inland mountain area of Japan, extends widely north and south, with elevation that varies greatly by location. Mosquitoes transmitting infectious disease have a diversity of habitats in Nagano, and many species can be expected there. However, there have been few reports about mosquito fauna in this region; in particular, little information is available on mosquitoes such as Culex (Culex) pipiens complex and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus. In this study, we investigated the mosquito fauna in 17 areas to clarify their horizontal and elevational distribution patterns between July and September from 2012 to 2014. We focused especially on Cx. pipiens complex compared with Ae. albopictus. A total of 1,117 mosquitoes were collected, and identi ed as belonging to 17 species. e most abundant species was Cx. pipiens complex, followed by Ae. albopictus. Both species were mainly collected in the southern and eastern parts of Nagano Prefecture, excluding highland areas. Ae. albopictus was collected at a maximum elevation of 789 m while Cx. pipiens complex was collected at a maximum elevation of 996 m. at means the habitat of Cx. pipiens complex was more widely distributed than that of Ae. albopictus. e annual mean air temperature of the site at 789 m was estimated to be 10.2°C and that of the site at 996 m was estimated to be 8.5°C. ere was a di erence of 207 m in elevational distribution between the two species, with a di erence in annual mean air temperature of 1.7°C.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"4 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124523159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
e role of zebra stripes is considered to be defensing from blood sucking by insects, such as tsetse ies and tabanid ies, those perform actively host-seeking ight. Aedes albopictus is opportunistically blood sucker, so, the reaction to zebra stripes may be di erent from such ies. us, we investigated the reaction of A. albopictus to the rugs of three color patterns, black, white, and zebra stripes. During the sunny days on August and September, 2019 with three di erent times in a day (morning, daytime, and evening), we counted the number of mosquitoes landed on the rugs on human decoy at a park in Tokyo. Signi cant di erence (p<0.05) was found in the total number of mosquitoes landed on the three types of rugs, while no signi cant di erence (p>0.05) was found in the numbers of mosquitoes landed on the rugs at each observation time. e number of A. albopictus which landed on the black-colored rug was two times more than that of a mosquito ying around the face of human decoy, while those on the rugs of white color and zebra stripes were a half and only 3% of those ying around the face of human decoy, respectively. e lured A. albopictus landed smoothly on the black rug, but the landings were not smooth on the zebra-striped rug. It was revealed that A. albopictus avoids zebra stripes as same as tsetse ies and tabanid ies.
{"title":"Does Asian tiger mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) avoid zebra stripe?","authors":"H. Sasaki, K. Hata, Morio Nozawa, Toshio Hashiba","doi":"10.7601/mez.71.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.71.329","url":null,"abstract":"e role of zebra stripes is considered to be defensing from blood sucking by insects, such as tsetse ies and tabanid ies, those perform actively host-seeking ight. Aedes albopictus is opportunistically blood sucker, so, the reaction to zebra stripes may be di erent from such ies. us, we investigated the reaction of A. albopictus to the rugs of three color patterns, black, white, and zebra stripes. During the sunny days on August and September, 2019 with three di erent times in a day (morning, daytime, and evening), we counted the number of mosquitoes landed on the rugs on human decoy at a park in Tokyo. Signi cant di erence (p<0.05) was found in the total number of mosquitoes landed on the three types of rugs, while no signi cant di erence (p>0.05) was found in the numbers of mosquitoes landed on the rugs at each observation time. e number of A. albopictus which landed on the black-colored rug was two times more than that of a mosquito ying around the face of human decoy, while those on the rugs of white color and zebra stripes were a half and only 3% of those ying around the face of human decoy, respectively. e lured A. albopictus landed smoothly on the black rug, but the landings were not smooth on the zebra-striped rug. It was revealed that A. albopictus avoids zebra stripes as same as tsetse ies and tabanid ies.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127585635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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