: Tick cell lines are invaluable tools for research on ticks and tick-borne pathogens. The range of their applications is constantly being expanded. Tick cell lines have some common characteristics, some of which are different from insect and vertebrate cell lines. In this review, the characteristics of tick cell lines and their applications to studies of ticks and tick-borne pathogens are introduced.
{"title":"Characteristics and application of tick cell lines","authors":"R. Nakao","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.175","url":null,"abstract":": Tick cell lines are invaluable tools for research on ticks and tick-borne pathogens. The range of their applications is constantly being expanded. Tick cell lines have some common characteristics, some of which are different from insect and vertebrate cell lines. In this review, the characteristics of tick cell lines and their applications to studies of ticks and tick-borne pathogens are introduced.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126345543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
静岡県は茶所である.お茶畑に囲まれる前赴任地の市立 島田市民病院では,2013年からマダニ刺咬症患者が急増し, その殆どは茶業農家であった.茶畑にマダニが生息してお り,新茶の刈り入れ時期である4‒5月は,マダニ繁殖期と重 なり,患者が集中する.さらに,他の報告と同様,最近居住 区域において出没するニホンシカやイノシシを介したマダ ニ刺咬症患者も増えている.本症は,SFTSを含む幾つかの 重要な疾病発症との関与が知られており,医療者への知識修 得と続発疾患の予防対策が課題である.最近マダニ刺咬症に 関連して,糖鎖のgalactose-a-1,3-galactose carbohydrate(alphagal)に対する IgE抗体を介する獣肉アレルギーの発症が注 目されている(Commins 2016; Fischer et al., 2016; Saleh et al., 2012).本症は,マダニ刺咬症後に発症する獣肉(牛,豚, 羊など)アレルギーと薬剤アレルギー(セツキシマブやゼラ チン含有コロイド)を特徴とし,alpha-gal syndromeという 名称で呼ばれている.我々の施設の調査では,マダニ刺咬症 患者から採取したマダニ38頭のうち86.8%がタカサゴキララ マダニであった(Hashizume et al., 2018).そのうち抗alphagal IgE抗体を有していたものは,すべてタカサゴキララマダ ニに刺されていたことが判明した(Hashizume et al., 2018). Chinuki et al., (2016)らは,フトケチマダニの唾液中にalphagalの存在を証明したが,本邦のalpha-gal syndrome発症には, タカサゴキララマダニも関与することが強く示唆された. alpha-galは,ヒトなどの霊長類を除くすべての哺乳類に存 在する糖鎖である.ヒトにおいては,消化管に存在する細菌 に対して抗alpha-gal IgG自然抗体が産生され,細菌感染防御 に重要な役割を演じると考えられている(Galili et al., 1987) が,時にマダニ刺咬症後では,IgE産生へのクラススイッチ が起こることがある.その詳細はこれまで明らかでない.マ ウス実験では,初回刺咬では局所に好塩基球の浸潤は殆どみ られないのに対し,2回目の刺咬では顕著な浸潤がみられる (Wada et al., 2010).活性化好塩基球から放出されるヒスタミ ンは,マダニに対する忌避物質として作用する(Tabakawa et al., 2018).一方,好塩基球は樹状細胞のMHC-ダニ抗原複合 体をもぎ取って(trogocytosis)ナイーブT細胞に対する抗原 提示機能を有し,Th2細胞分化を誘導する(Karasuyama et al., 2018).総合すると,好塩基球の局所浸潤によってマダニ特 異的 IgEが産生されると同時に,IgEのクロスリンクにより 活性化した好塩基球由来のヒスタミンがマダニ刺咬を阻害し することによって,免疫を獲得する.では,ヒトにおいても 同様な機構が働いているのだろうか.我々は,様々な刺咬歴 のマダニ刺咬症患者において,血清抗alpha-gal IgE抗体レベ ルとマダニ刺咬部の浸潤細胞を調べることによって,ヒトの マダニ刺咬症おける免疫応答を調べた.
静冈县是茶所，在被茶田包围的前赴任地市立岛田市民医院，从2013年开始咬伤患者剧增，其中大部分是茶农。茶田有蜱虫栖息，新茶的收割时期4 - 5月，与繁殖期重叠，患者集中。而且，与其他报告一样，最近在居住区域出没的日本鹿和野猪。咬伤患者也在增加。本症与包括SFTS在内的几个重要疾病发病有关，对医疗者的知识学习和继发疾病的预防对策是课题。最近与咬伤症有关，通过对糖链galactose-a-1,3-galactose carbohydrate(alphagal)的IgE抗体的兽肉过敏发病注被盯上了(Commins 2016;费希尔et al.， 2016;Saleh et al.， 2012).本症是指仍在咬伤后发病的兽肉(牛、猪、羊等)过敏反应和药物过敏反应(含节氧单抗和酪蛋白的胶体)为特征，被称为alpha-gal syndrome。在我们的调查中，从咬伤患者身上采集到的38只咬伤蜱中，有86.8%是高咬伤蜱虫(Hashizume et al.，2018).其中具有抗alphagal IgE抗体的都被发现是高尔基拉还被叮咬过(Hashizume et al.，2018). Chinuki et al.，(2016)等人虽然证明了粗斑蜱的唾液中存在alphagal，但是对于本邦的alphgal syndrome发病，alpha-gal是存在于除人类等灵长类以外的所有哺乳类动物中的糖链。人类消化管中存在的细菌。产生抗alpha-gal IgG自然抗体，在防御细菌感染中发挥重要作用。1987)有时在咬伤后，会发生IgE生成的类开关。具体情况目前还不清楚。在鼠实验中，初次咬伤局部几乎没有嗜碱性粒细胞浸润。与之相对，第二次的刺咬出现明显的浸润现象(Wada et al.， 2010)。被激活的嗜碱基粒细胞释放出的组胺，作为对蜱虫的驱避物质(Tabakawa et al.， 2018)。另一方面，嗜碱性粒细胞具有提取树突状细胞的MHC-螨抗原复合物(trogocytosis)，对内部T细胞提出抗原的功能，诱导Th2细胞分化(Karasuyama et al.，2018)。综上所述，在嗜碱性粒细胞局部浸润仍能产生特异性IgE的同时，由IgE的交叉链接激活的来自嗜碱性粒细胞的组胺仍能阻碍咬咬那么，在人身上也有同样的机制在起作用吗?我们在有各种咬伤经历的咬伤患者中，通过检测血清抗alpha-gal IgE抗体水平和咬伤部位的浸润细胞，研究了人类咬伤的免疫应答。
{"title":"The human immune response in tick bites","authors":"H. Hashizume","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.141","url":null,"abstract":"静岡県は茶所である.お茶畑に囲まれる前赴任地の市立 島田市民病院では,2013年からマダニ刺咬症患者が急増し, その殆どは茶業農家であった.茶畑にマダニが生息してお り,新茶の刈り入れ時期である4‒5月は,マダニ繁殖期と重 なり,患者が集中する.さらに,他の報告と同様,最近居住 区域において出没するニホンシカやイノシシを介したマダ ニ刺咬症患者も増えている.本症は,SFTSを含む幾つかの 重要な疾病発症との関与が知られており,医療者への知識修 得と続発疾患の予防対策が課題である.最近マダニ刺咬症に 関連して,糖鎖のgalactose-a-1,3-galactose carbohydrate(alphagal)に対する IgE抗体を介する獣肉アレルギーの発症が注 目されている(Commins 2016; Fischer et al., 2016; Saleh et al., 2012).本症は,マダニ刺咬症後に発症する獣肉(牛,豚, 羊など)アレルギーと薬剤アレルギー(セツキシマブやゼラ チン含有コロイド)を特徴とし,alpha-gal syndromeという 名称で呼ばれている.我々の施設の調査では,マダニ刺咬症 患者から採取したマダニ38頭のうち86.8%がタカサゴキララ マダニであった(Hashizume et al., 2018).そのうち抗alphagal IgE抗体を有していたものは,すべてタカサゴキララマダ ニに刺されていたことが判明した(Hashizume et al., 2018). Chinuki et al., (2016)らは,フトケチマダニの唾液中にalphagalの存在を証明したが,本邦のalpha-gal syndrome発症には, タカサゴキララマダニも関与することが強く示唆された. alpha-galは,ヒトなどの霊長類を除くすべての哺乳類に存 在する糖鎖である.ヒトにおいては,消化管に存在する細菌 に対して抗alpha-gal IgG自然抗体が産生され,細菌感染防御 に重要な役割を演じると考えられている(Galili et al., 1987) が,時にマダニ刺咬症後では,IgE産生へのクラススイッチ が起こることがある.その詳細はこれまで明らかでない.マ ウス実験では,初回刺咬では局所に好塩基球の浸潤は殆どみ られないのに対し,2回目の刺咬では顕著な浸潤がみられる (Wada et al., 2010).活性化好塩基球から放出されるヒスタミ ンは,マダニに対する忌避物質として作用する(Tabakawa et al., 2018).一方,好塩基球は樹状細胞のMHC-ダニ抗原複合 体をもぎ取って(trogocytosis)ナイーブT細胞に対する抗原 提示機能を有し,Th2細胞分化を誘導する(Karasuyama et al., 2018).総合すると,好塩基球の局所浸潤によってマダニ特 異的 IgEが産生されると同時に,IgEのクロスリンクにより 活性化した好塩基球由来のヒスタミンがマダニ刺咬を阻害し することによって,免疫を獲得する.では,ヒトにおいても 同様な機構が働いているのだろうか.我々は,様々な刺咬歴 のマダニ刺咬症患者において,血清抗alpha-gal IgE抗体レベ ルとマダニ刺咬部の浸潤細胞を調べることによって,ヒトの マダニ刺咬症おける免疫応答を調べた.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127227537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Maekawa, Y. Tsuda, T. Yamauchi, M. Igarashi, Tohru Kazuma, Yuzo Satou, Ryuichi Kanayama, K. Sawabe
Cemeteries are suitable habitats for Aedes albopictus. The dispersal of adults emerging at a cemetery was studied by a mark-release-recapture experiment during the period July 11‒15, 2016 in Okayama, Japan. Larvae and pupae of Ae. albopictus were collected from artificial containers found in the cemetery, reared to the adult stage, and used for the experiment. A total of 818 females and 810 males were sprayed with a 0.5% solution of Rhodamine B and released from a release site in a vegetation area surrounding the cemetery. Recapture of released Ae. albopictus was conducted for 4 days, by human-bait sweep net collection, at 21 collection sites located in vegetation areas. The recapture rate of females and males was 19.2% and 4.3%, respectively. The longest distance travelled by female and male mosquitoes observed 1 day post release was 99 m and 231 m, respectively. The coefficient of determination indicated that the variation in the number of recaptured females among collection sites was explained 58 and 63% by the distance from release site. The flight range of Ae. albopictus was considered to be 100 to 300 m in the urban area with vegetation.
{"title":"The movement and dispersal of Aedes albopictus emerging at a cemetery to surrounding vegetation areas","authors":"Y. Maekawa, Y. Tsuda, T. Yamauchi, M. Igarashi, Tohru Kazuma, Yuzo Satou, Ryuichi Kanayama, K. Sawabe","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.159","url":null,"abstract":"Cemeteries are suitable habitats for Aedes albopictus. The dispersal of adults emerging at a cemetery was studied by a mark-release-recapture experiment during the period July 11‒15, 2016 in Okayama, Japan. Larvae and pupae of Ae. albopictus were collected from artificial containers found in the cemetery, reared to the adult stage, and used for the experiment. A total of 818 females and 810 males were sprayed with a 0.5% solution of Rhodamine B and released from a release site in a vegetation area surrounding the cemetery. Recapture of released Ae. albopictus was conducted for 4 days, by human-bait sweep net collection, at 21 collection sites located in vegetation areas. The recapture rate of females and males was 19.2% and 4.3%, respectively. The longest distance travelled by female and male mosquitoes observed 1 day post release was 99 m and 231 m, respectively. The coefficient of determination indicated that the variation in the number of recaptured females among collection sites was explained 58 and 63% by the distance from release site. The flight range of Ae. albopictus was considered to be 100 to 300 m in the urban area with vegetation.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127680333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroyuki Matsuyama, N. Agetsuma, A. Okada, Maki Suzuki
Instalment of deer fences around agricultural fields may, as a side benefit, reduce the risk of tick-borne diseases in humans. We examined tick (Haemaphysalis) density on the ground after two years of exclusion using three separate deer fences. Deer density in an exclosure (EX) had been kept as zero for 14 years, deer density in an enclosure (HD) had been kept constantly stocked for 14 years with around 20 deer km−2, and the second enclosure (OD) had been stocked for 11 years with around 20 deer km−2, after which time the deer were excluded for two years. Tick densities inside the three fences were monitored for two years after two years of deer exclusion from OD. In the first year, tick density in OD was as high as that in HD, and was significantly higher than that in EX. In the second year, however, tick density in OD decreased to a similar level to that in EX. These results suggest that tick density in the environment decreases after three years of exclusion. Our findings support the effectiveness of culling and fencing of deer with the aim of preventing the risk of tick-borne diseases.
{"title":"The effect of deer exclusion on tick abundance in Japan: the verification based on field experiment for controlling deer density","authors":"Hiroyuki Matsuyama, N. Agetsuma, A. Okada, Maki Suzuki","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.153","url":null,"abstract":"Instalment of deer fences around agricultural fields may, as a side benefit, reduce the risk of tick-borne diseases in humans. We examined tick (Haemaphysalis) density on the ground after two years of exclusion using three separate deer fences. Deer density in an exclosure (EX) had been kept as zero for 14 years, deer density in an enclosure (HD) had been kept constantly stocked for 14 years with around 20 deer km−2, and the second enclosure (OD) had been stocked for 11 years with around 20 deer km−2, after which time the deer were excluded for two years. Tick densities inside the three fences were monitored for two years after two years of deer exclusion from OD. In the first year, tick density in OD was as high as that in HD, and was significantly higher than that in EX. In the second year, however, tick density in OD decreased to a similar level to that in EX. These results suggest that tick density in the environment decreases after three years of exclusion. Our findings support the effectiveness of culling and fencing of deer with the aim of preventing the risk of tick-borne diseases.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"3588 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127523527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basic studies on tick oogenesis for elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying transovarial transmission of protozoan parasites in hard ticks","authors":"R. Umemiya-Shirafuji","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132217896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
疟蚊是传播疟疾的卫生害虫，对传播病原体疟原虫不可缺少的蚊子的吸血行为、随后的血液消化、疟原虫感染等机制的分析对防治疟疾和vector很重要。蚊子在吸血时，首先进行探摸行动，探摸到皮下的抹血管，然后将口针插入血管进行吸血。蚊子的唾液中含有血小板凝聚抑制因子、血液凝固抑制因子等具有抗止血作用的物质、血管扩张作用物质、抗炎作用物质等，吸血时会分泌唾液。另外，包括蚊子在内的吸血昆虫的唾液中，也有通过对宿主免疫等产生影响而暗示与病原体感染有关的例子报告。虽然唾液腺和唾液的研究正在进行中，但是对于蚊子和宿主两者的实际唾液的功能还是有很多不明确的地方。另外，由于卵巢的发育，蚊子的吸血只能由雌性进行。这是一种生现象，在与吸血、血液消化、病原体感染有关的唾液腺和中肠等组织中，基因的表现可能与性有联系。因此，在蚊子中，性别决定化在sade的下游，与吸血和病原体感染等有关的分子受到怎样的控制是有趣的问题。我们在疟蚊的研究中，除了分子生物学的方法外，还利用基因重组和基因组编辑等基因操作技术，进一步阐明吸血、生殖、病原体媒介等机制。我们为了从个体层面分析吸血和传播病原体时，疟蚊的唾液功能，对雌性的唾液腺进行了破坏(Yamamoto et al.， 2016)。作为破坏方法，使用了唾液腺特异性诱导细胞死亡的手法。我们用Bax(B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2-associated X gene)基因来诱导细胞死亡。Bax蛋白质在哺乳动物中属于Bcl-2家族。Bax蛋白质在线粒体外膜上聚合，形成poa(孔)，具有诱导细胞凋亡的功能。在昆虫中，如果蚕用Bombyx mori或黄色果蝇Drosophila melanogaster人为地表达小鼠的Bax基因(mBax)，就会发现已知多细胞可诱导细胞死亡(Sumitani et al.， 2015)。我们将mBax与斑蚊的雌性唾液腺具有特异性功能的启动子相结合，整合到斑蚊(Anopheles stephensi)基因组中的基因组培育出了换齿系统(AAPP-mBax系统)(图1).这个系统的雌性在羽化后的第一天唾液腺的lobe(叶)就已经崩溃了。
{"title":"A study of blood feeding behavior and malaria parasite infection in anopheline mosquitoes","authors":"D. Yamamoto","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.145","url":null,"abstract":"ハマダラカはマラリアを媒介する衛生害虫であり,病原体 であるマラリア原虫の媒介に不可欠な蚊の吸血行動やその後 の血液消化,マラリア原虫感染などのメカニズムの解析は, ベクター対策及びマラリア対策にとって重要である.蚊は吸 血する際に,まず皮下の抹消血管を探り当てるプロービング 行動を行い,血管を感知した後,血管に口針を挿入し吸血を 行う.蚊の唾液には血小板凝集阻害因子,血液凝固阻害因子 のような抗止血作用を持つ物質や,血管拡張作用物質,抗炎 症作用物質などが含まれており,吸血時に唾液を分泌するこ とで効率を高めている.また,蚊を含む吸血昆虫の唾液に は,宿主免疫などに影響を及ぼすことで病原体の感染に関与 することを示唆する例も報告されている.ハマダラカにおい ても唾液腺及び唾液の研究が進められているが,蚊と宿主の 両方での実際の唾液の機能についてはまだ不明瞭な点が多 い.また,蚊における吸血は,卵巣発育のために雌のみが行 う現象であり,吸血や血液消化,病原体感染に関わる唾液腺 や中腸などの組織では,遺伝子の発現が性とリンクしている ものもあると考えられる.このため,蚊において,性決定カ スケードの下流で,吸血や病原体感染などに関わる分子がど のような制御を受けているかは興味深い問題である.我々は ハマダラカにおいて,分子生物学的手法に加えて遺伝子組換 えやゲノム編集などの遺伝子操作技術も利用して吸血,生 殖,病原体媒介などのメカニズムの解明を進めている. 我々はハマダラカにおいて,吸血や病原体媒介時における 唾液の機能を個体レベルで解析することを目的に,雌の唾 液腺の破壊を行なった(Yamamoto et al., 2016).破壊する方 法として,唾液腺特異的に細胞死を誘導する手法を用いた. 細胞死を誘導するエフェクターとして用いたのはマウスの Bax(B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2-associated X gene)遺伝子で ある.Baxタンパク質は哺乳類においてBcl-2ファミリーに属 する.Baxタンパク質はミトコンドリア外膜上で重合し,ポ ア(孔)を形成することでアポトーシスを誘導する機能が あることが知られている.昆虫において,カイコガBombyx moriやキイロショウジョウバエDrosophila melanogasterでマウ スのBax遺伝子(mBax)を人為的に発現させると,発現し た細胞で細胞死を誘導できることが知られている(Sumitani et al., 2015).我々はmBaxをハマダラカの雌唾液腺特異的に 機能するプロモーターと組み合わせて,ステフェンスハマ ダラカ(Anopheles stephensi)のゲノムに組み込んだ遺伝子組 換え系統(AAPP-mBax系統)を作出した(図1).この系統 の雌は羽化後1日からすでに唾液腺の lobe(葉)が潰れてお","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120834102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we report three cases of tick, Amblyomma testudinarium, infestation on grazing cattle between 2009 and 2018 in Aomori Prefecture, the northern part of Honshu, Japan. The three cases were Japanese Black female adult cattle that grazed in different pastures. Ticks were observed on cattle during periodic health examination during the months of July, August, and September. The ticks were collected by the veterinarians. Ixodes monospinosus, I. ovatus, I. persulcatus, Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. ava, and H. japonica were collected from each pasture by flagging method. However, A. testudinarium could not be collected. The observation of A. testudinarium three times in this area is unknown, as this species had been only recorded in the west of Kanto region. It is possible that the migratory birds from the western part carried the ticks to these pastures. This report reveals the first record of this species in the northern part of Japan.
{"title":"Three cases of tick infestation (Amblyomma testudinarium) on grazing cattle in Aomori Prefecture, the northern part of Honshu, Japan","authors":"Y. Terada, Takumi Takahashi, T. Abe, Y. Moriyama","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.167","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we report three cases of tick, Amblyomma testudinarium, infestation on grazing cattle between 2009 and 2018 in Aomori Prefecture, the northern part of Honshu, Japan. The three cases were Japanese Black female adult cattle that grazed in different pastures. Ticks were observed on cattle during periodic health examination during the months of July, August, and September. The ticks were collected by the veterinarians. Ixodes monospinosus, I. ovatus, I. persulcatus, Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. ava, and H. japonica were collected from each pasture by flagging method. However, A. testudinarium could not be collected. The observation of A. testudinarium three times in this area is unknown, as this species had been only recorded in the west of Kanto region. It is possible that the migratory birds from the western part carried the ticks to these pastures. This report reveals the first record of this species in the northern part of Japan.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133864727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aim of symposium","authors":"K. Maeda","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124012006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A checklist and keys for the 110 species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand are updated. The checklist includes Simulium bishopi Takaoka & Davies of the Simulium melanopus species-group, newly recorded from southern Thailand, and S. chiangmaiense Takaoka & Suzuki, previously treated as a junior synonym of S. nakhonense Takaoka & Suzuki. All species are classified in six subgenera (Asiosimulium Takaoka & Choochote, Daviesellum Takaoka & Adler, Gomphostilbia Enderlein, Montisimulium Rubtsov, Nevermannia Enderlein and Simulium Latreille) of the genus Simulium Latreille; and species in Gomphostilbia, Nevermannia and Simulium are placed in species-groups or subgroups. Keys to identify the species are provided for females, males, pupae and mature larvae under each subgenus.
{"title":"Checklist and keys for the black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Thailand","authors":"H. Takaoka, W. Srisuka, A. Saeung","doi":"10.7601/MEZ.70.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/MEZ.70.53","url":null,"abstract":"A checklist and keys for the 110 species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand are updated. The checklist includes Simulium bishopi Takaoka & Davies of the Simulium melanopus species-group, newly recorded from southern Thailand, and S. chiangmaiense Takaoka & Suzuki, previously treated as a junior synonym of S. nakhonense Takaoka & Suzuki. All species are classified in six subgenera (Asiosimulium Takaoka & Choochote, Daviesellum Takaoka & Adler, Gomphostilbia Enderlein, Montisimulium Rubtsov, Nevermannia Enderlein and Simulium Latreille) of the genus Simulium Latreille; and species in Gomphostilbia, Nevermannia and Simulium are placed in species-groups or subgroups. Keys to identify the species are provided for females, males, pupae and mature larvae under each subgenus.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130288611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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