Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry最新文献

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the attitudes and practices of dental professionals regarding radiographic prescriptions during implant treatment and evaluate their knowledge of critical biological considerations in implant therapy.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with surveying 70 dental professionals to evaluate their clinical practices and knowledge regarding implant radiography and biological considerations.

Results: The findings revealed notable trends: the predominant use of CBCT for both single (61.4%) and multiple implant therapies (98.6%), highlighting its status as the preferred imaging modality for accuracy and detailed planning. Occupational influence on radiographic choices was significant; specialists such as Implantologists and Periodontists predominantly favored CBCT, whereas Prosthodontics professionals exhibited varied preferences. Radiographs during implant placement showed strong adherence to best practices, with 81% taking radiographs with guide pins and 97.6% confirming implant position post-placement. Knowledge of biological parameters was generally high, with over 81% correctly identifying the optimal 3 mm biological distance between implants, and 74.3% recognizing 1.5 mm as the ideal width between tooth and implant.

Conclusion: Despite these positive indicators, variability in responses underscores the need for standardized training and guidelines to optimize implant outcomes.

Purpose: Diabetes is closely linked to reduced salivary flow rate, contributing to oral complications such as infections, dental caries, and periodontal disease. Vitamin E, β-carotene, and probiotics may help counteract these effects by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, reducing cellular damage, and preserving glandular function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the effect of vitamin E, β-carotene, and probiotics blend on the salivary glands of rats with Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, addressing gaps in current research.

Methods: Eighty rats were induced with diabetes using a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). They were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, which were further subdivided into ten subgroups: 2-week and 4-week saline, oil, vitamin E, β-carotene, and Probiotic Blend. Supplementation was administered daily via oral gavage. Salivary flow rate (SFR) was measured at three time points: before diabetes induction, after induction, and following supplementation, using pre-weighed cotton balls. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results: There was a significant reduction in SFR after diabetes induction (pre-diabetes: M=1.1 mL, SD=0.42; post-diabetes: M=0.6 mL, SD=0.24; t=12.925, p=0.000). On the day of sacrifice, Mann-Whitney U-tests showed significant differences in SFR between groups (p=0.000). The Kruskal-Wallis test also indicated significant differences across all groups (p<0.001). After 2 weeks, the highest SFR was observed in the vitamin E group (1.0 mL), followed by β-carotene (0.9 mL) and probiotics (0.8 mL), while the saline group recorded the lowest (0.3 mL). After 4 weeks, vitamin E again showed the highest SFR (1.1 mL), followed by β-carotene (0.9 mL), probiotics (0.7 mL), and oil (0.7 mL), with saline remaining the lowest (0.4 mL).

Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of vitamin E, β-carotene, and probiotics as alternative therapies for managing diabetes-related hyposalivation. Further research is required to validate their role in improving oral health among diabetics.

This review aimed to compare the results of laboratory studies performed on adhesion methods of CAD-CAM implant-supported ceramic restorations to titanium-bases to analyze the factors that could affect this bond strength. The review was directed according to the guidelines delineated in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. Three databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were investigated to identify related in vitro studies that mimicked clinical settings and published in international peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and September 2024. The search yielded 5191 records; of these, 51 full-text articles were evaluated based on eligibility criteria. Ultimately, 31 studies were included. Different factors were assessed as possible influencers on ceramic/Ti-base bonding stability and strength. These include Ti-base height, different mechanical and chemical surface pretreatments of bonding surfaces, ceramic restoration material, luting system, and others. Ti-base abutment height is an important factor and thus it is recommended to use adequate Ti-base abutment height, whereas 3-mm-height should be used cautiously in posterior region. Combination of mechanical and chemical pretreatments of both bonding surfaces seems to enhance the bond strength; however, smooth Ti-bases rather than micro-grooved ones most likely benefit from sandblasting pretreatment. While the type of resin bonding system may affect the bonding performance, the interaction of some cements with definite ceramic materials could enhance the bond strength. The clinician must consider all those factors to have an effective bonding.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association between the use of marijuana, hashish, cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin with the severity of periodontal disease in adults.

Patients and methods: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 cycles, from 3609 participants, including demographic information, clinical examinations, and questionnaires. Key covariates assessed in the analysis included age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, socioeconomic status, poverty/income ratio, marital status, occupation, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), dental insurance coverage, and frequency of dental visits. Logistic regression models were employed to investigate the association between drug use and periodontitis, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results: Among 3690 participants, 54% reported using marijuana or hashish, while 16% had tried cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine. Marijuana or hashish use was significantly associated with severe periodontitis, affecting 39% of users (OR: 4.276; 95% CI: 3.682-4.967; p = 0.001). Cocaine use was also linked to increased periodontitis, with most users presenting with mild disease. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with periodontitis (OR: 1.255; 95% CI: 1.066-1.477; p = 0.006). No significant associations were found for heroin or methamphetamine use.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, marijuana, hashish, and cocaine users were found to have significantly higher odds of developing periodontitis. However, no clear relationship was established between the use of methamphetamine or heroin and periodontal disease. These findings suggest the need for public health interventions targeting substance users to mitigate the risk of periodontal disease.

Background: The original diversity of Quercus rubra L. (oak) is in eastern America and then distributed to European districts. Oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection among humans. Azole antifungal drugs can be used to treat Candida infection. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata have emerged as the most common pathogenic yeasts in cases of oral candidiasis.

Aim of the study: This study aimed to explore the genotype Candida spp. and evaluate the antifungal activity of hot water extract of oak bark against C. albicans and C. glabrata as an alternative pharmacotherapy compared to azole antifungal agents.

Materials and methods: The sample was isolated from an 8-year-old child with aggressive oral candidiasis and identified by culturing on sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) CHROMagar. Genotyping of Candida spp. was performed using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Standard discs of the antifungal's fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole 10 mg/L for each, amphotericin 100, nystatin 50 mg/L, and hot water oak bark extract were administered to C. albicans and C. glabrata in vitro.

Results: Genotyping of Candida spp. showed that 98% of oral candidiasis cases were C. glabrata which had an 870 bp genotype, while 2% were C. albicans which had a 550 bp genotype based on ITS barcoding region size. The findings that the oak bark extract had high antifungal activity against C. glabrata showed an inhibition zone diameter of 3.067 mm compared to high resistance to antifungals.

Conclusion: Oak extract is considered a successful alternative for the treatment of oral candidiasis infections by antifungals such as azole and nystatin in children.

Background: Residual Ridge Resorption (RRR) is a common and often incapacitating problem, particularly in edentulous mandible. Reduction of residual ridges needs to be recognized for what it is: A major unsolved oral disease that causes physical, psychological, and economic problems for millions of people all over the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual ridge resorption in mandible of edentulous patients. To find the mean residual ridge resorption in mandible of edentulous patients.

Methods: All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent prosthodontic rehabilitation at Fatima Memorial Dental Hospital, Lahore were included in the study. After ethical approval, informed and written consent was taken. A brief history was taken, clinical examination conducted and the residual ridge resorption (RRR) of the mandible was evaluated on 3D Cone Beam Computerized Tomography CBCT to assess the outcome that is mean RRR of the mandible.

Results: A total of 60 edentulous patients were included. 37 (61.7%) patients were males while 23 (38.3%) were females with the mean age of 59.1167+5.489 years. The mean ridge residual resorption was 24.283+3.975 mm.

Conclusion: The residual ridge resorption increased with increase in age, duration of edentulism and was more in males than in females.

Background: Remineralization counteracts demineralization, which is the loss of mineral ions from dental enamel, by restoring the mineral. Remineralization itself could be enhanced by external factors such as fluoride contained in fluoride varnish. This study aimed to determine the difference in enamel microhardness before and after applying 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) fluoride varnish.

Materials and methods: This experimental laboratory in vitro study used 40 premolar crowns as samples. All samples were demineralized in a pH 4 demineralizing solution for 6 hours. The samples were split into two groups, each containing 20 samples. Group I (Control) acted as a control and Group II (Fluoride Varnish) was treated with 5% NaF (fluoride varnish). Then all samples were immersed in artificial saliva for seven days. A Vickers microhardness tester measured the samples' pre-demineralization, post-demineralization, and post-remineralization microhardness. The dependent sample t-test analysis was used to determine the difference in microhardness in each group. The two sample t-test analysis was used to determine the difference in microhardness between groups.

Results: The findings indicated that fluoride varnish application increases the demineralized enamel microhardness in Group II (Fluoride Varnish) from 174.63 VHN (SD = 23.12; 95% CI: 163.81-185.44) to 270.58 VHN (SD = 26.52; 95% CI: 258.17-282.99) (p-value = 0.000). The increase in Group II (Fluoride Varnish) was higher than in Group I (Control) after remineralization of seven days (p-value = 0.002).

Conclusion: The findings show a significant increase in enamel microhardness following fluoride varnish application, measured on the seventh day (p-value 0.000). This demonstrates the effectiveness of fluoride varnish in increasing enamel hardness under these in vitro experimental conditions. This study can serve as a reference for clinicians selecting fluoride varnish as a caries prevention effort.

Background: Parenting stress is an unpleasant psychological reaction to the demands of being a parent. It affects parents who raise children with developmental disabilities and presents unique challenges, the impact of which is exacerbated by socio-economic status, age, income, and parental education level. Individuals with intellectual disabilities have poorer general health and oral hygiene compared to the general population. Parenting stress can influence parents' knowledge and attitudes about maintaining oral health. This research aimed to determine whether there was a relationship between parenting stress and the level of education, knowledge, and attitudes of parents toward maintaining oral health in children with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: This research used a cross-sectional analytical method. The total sample was 104 parents of children with intellectual disabilities in two special schools in Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Data was collected and then tested for correlation with Spearman's Rank and Kendall Coefficient of Concordance.

Results: The majority of parents described their level of parenting stress as moderate (51%), with the highest level of education being high school (36.5%), a sufficient level of knowledge (48.1%), and an adequate attitude towards maintaining dental and oral health (46.2%). Multivariate analysis showed a relationship between parenting stress and parents' level of education, knowledge, and attitudes, with a p-value of 0.0008 and W=0.205.

Conclusion: There is a relationship between parenting stress and the level of education, knowledge, and attitudes of parents regarding the maintenance of the oral health of children with intellectual disabilities (whether it is related between parenting stress and each variable or when parenting stress is related to all three).

Cariostatic agents are bioactive compounds that inhibit the progression of dental caries by promoting enamel and dentin remineralization while mitigating dentin hypersensitivity. This review conducted an extensive bibliographic search across specialized databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, to present a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the clinical applications of cariostatic agents. A critical appraisal of the available scientific evidence was performed to evaluate their efficacy and potential as adjunctive therapeutic strategies in caries management. Among the most well-documented agents, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) demonstrates superior efficacy in arresting active carious lesions and preventing lesion progression. Furthermore, emerging bioactive compounds, such as remineralizing peptides and phytochemicals, have exhibited promising anticariogenic properties, though their long-term clinical effectiveness remains under investigation. This review synthesizes key findings from recent research, underscoring the pivotal role of cariostatic agents in evidence-based caries prevention and management. The results highlight the necessity of integrating these agents into a minimally invasive and patient-centered approach, particularly for high-risk populations, to optimize long-term oral health outcomes.

Aim: There is limited evidence highlighting the implications of adjunctive topical application of wound healing agents on clinical and patient-related outcomes in surgical procedures. The aim of the retrospective analysis was to evaluate the effects of 0.8% hyaluronic acid (HA) gel on wound healing following tooth extraction and crown lengthening procedures using the Inflammatory Proliferative and Remodeling (IPR) scale in a postgraduate clinical setting.

Methods: A retrospective assessment of medical record database related to clinical and patient-related outcomes of patients who received tooth extraction or crown lengthening procedures was conducted. Wound healing was assessed using the IPR scale providing scores for patient-reported postoperative pain, bleeding, granulation tissue, hematoma, tissue color compared to unaffected site, complete/incomplete flap closure, suppuration, and edema. The test group included participants who received an adjuvant application of 1mL of 0.8% HA gel versus control group participants receiving the same procedures without HA gel application.

Results: Overall, no statistically significant differences were observed between the total IPR wound healing scores for test (5.54 ±1.02) versus control (5.19 ±1.21, P=0.30) groups. Bleeding and hematoma were less frequent in participants receiving 0.8% HA gel, though the differences were not statistically significant (bleeding: P=0.09, hematoma: P=0.12). Of the 45 participants analysed, 79.2% in the test group achieved successful inflammatory phase scores (5-8), compared to 76.2% in the control group (P = 0.81). More sites with a successful inflammatory phase (score 5-8) were observed in systemically healthy, male, non-smokers, and those with posterior mandibular surgeries, though without statistical significance.

Conclusion: Although 0.8% HA gel did not significantly improve early wound healing, well-designed clinical trials are necessary to evaluate its safety and potential benefits in routine periodontal surgeries. The IPR wound healing index demonstrated high reliability with excellent inter- and intra-examiner agreement in assessing the initial healing process after periodontal surgery.