Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology最新文献

Importance: Port-wine stain (PWS) is a congenital vascular condition involving dilation of skin capillaries and venules, significantly affecting patients' physical and mental health. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is widely used for PWS treatment; however, large-scale data on pediatric cases remain limited. This retrospective study aims to investigate the efficacy of laser treatment and its related factors in a large sample.

Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of 595nm PDL for treating pediatric PWS and to identify factors influencing treatment outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study included 974 pediatric patients with PWS treated at Beijing Children's Hospital from 2003 to 2021. Inclusion criteria required patients to be under 18, with solitary PWS and Fitzpatrick skin types II-IV. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using standardized photographs taken before and after treatment, with outcomes categorized by Achauer's clearance criteria. Ridit analysis assessed the impact of variables such as gender, age, lesion location, and treatment frequency on outcomes.

Results: The overall efficacy rate was 65.3%, higher in females (69.7%) than males (59.7%). Adolescents had the highest efficacy (100%) due to better compliance. Limb lesions responded best (87.5%), followed by neck (75.0%), trunk (66.7%), and head/face (63.0%). Smaller lesions (≤3 cm²) achieved 76.8% efficacy. Efficacy rose with sessions, reaching 84.0% after three. The mandibular branch (V3) had the highest trigeminal efficacy (68.5%). Adverse reactions (4.31%) included pigmentation changes (2.87%), hypopigmentation (1.03%), and minimal scarring (0.41%).

Conclusion: The efficacy of 595nm PDL for treating PWS in children is influenced by gender, age, lesion location, size, and the number of treatment sessions. PDL is an effective treatment for pediatric PWS with minimal adverse reactions.

Pathological scars, including hypertrophic scar and keloid are the result of excessive tissue repair and are influenced by biomechanical forces like tension, mechanical pressure, and stiffness. These forces significantly impact scar development and progression, affecting wound healing, collagen deposition, and tissue remodeling. Understanding how these mechanical stimuli contribute to scar development is essential for devising effective therapeutic interventions. Clinically, reducing wound tension and applying mechanical pressure are key strategies for managing pathological scars. Techniques like super-tension-reduction suturing, stress-shielding polymers, and force-modulating tissue bridges (FMTB) have been shown to effectively alleviate tension and reduce scar proliferation. Additionally, Pressure Garment Therapy (PGT) is widely used to treat hypertrophic scars by reducing tissue stiffness, limiting collagen buildup, and promoting collagen realignment. Despite challenges such as discomfort and uneven pressure application, ongoing research focuses on enhancing these therapies through mechanosensitive technologies to improve both efficacy and patient comfort. This review highlights the role of biomechanical forces in scar formation and discusses therapeutic approaches that target these forces to improve clinical outcomes.

Purpose: Life's Essentials 8 (LE8) is a new indicator developed by the American Heart Association to assess cardiovascular health, including diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose and blood pressure. And more and more studies have shown that this index can evaluate other diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, abdominal aortic calcification and so on. However, there is no relevant study to evaluate the association between LE8 and psoriasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between LE8 and the prevalence of psoriasis in American adults.

Patients and methods: The data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the United States from 2003 to 2006, 2009 to 2014. Psoriasis was the dependent variable. LE8 is an independent variable and is divided into three levels: high, medium and low. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between LE8 and psoriasis.

Results: A total of 13430 people were included in this study, including 391 patients with psoriasis and 13039 patients without psoriasis. The prevalence of psoriasis was 2.91%. In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, LE8 score was negatively correlated with psoriasis (OR=0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99, P=0.0003). And this result still exists when LE8 is divided into high, medium and low groups. Compared with the low LE8 group, the high LE8 group had a 61% lower risk of psoriasis (OR=0.39; 95% CI, 0.26-0.57, p <0.0001).

Conclusion: This cross-sectional study suggested that LE8 score was negatively correlated with psoriasis risk.

The mid-face has been rendered as the cornerstone of facial aesthetic improvement, since treating the mid-face has also beneficial effects on neighboring esthetic units and therefore should be one of the first areas to be assessed. Retaining ligaments (RL) bind soft tissue layers of the face to the underlying facial skeleton. It remains controversial whether RL suffers laxity with aging or if changes in 42 bone and other structures where ligaments are inserted lead to altered mechanical function of the latter. Enhancement of the supportive effect of the ligaments could help restore the soft tissues to their original anatomical positions and achieve a lifting effect. While injectable hyaluronic acid implants have been used to improve ligament support, calcium hydroxylapatite has one of the highest viscoelasticities when compared with other dermal fillers and can induce collagen synthesis, which could provide long-term laxity correction. In this preliminary report of a case series, our goal was to describe the use of calcium hydroxylapatite in different dilutions and combinations for different aging profiles to treat the midface as an alternative for hyaluronic acid injections and to describe the ultrasonographic behavior in the long run.

Objective: The relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and psoriasis remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and the risk of psoriasis vulgaris in the Chinese Han population and to examine the correlation between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and psoriasis with comorbid hypertension and diabetes.

Methods: A total of 358 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 347 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers from the Chinese Han population were selected. Clinical data, including blood pressure and fasting blood glucose, were collected from the patients. The ACE gene I/D polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and psoriasis vulgaris, as well as comorbid hypertension and diabetes, was analyzed using the Pearson χ²-test.

Results: The frequency of the ACE II genotype (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.30, 2.61; P < 0.01) and the I allele (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.22, 1.86; P < 0.01) was significantly higher in psoriasis patients compared to the control group. Conversely, the frequency of the ACE DD genotype (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44, 0.87; P < 0.01) and the D allele (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.54, 0.82; P < 0.01) was significantly lower in psoriasis patients compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences were observed when stratified by blood pressure and blood glucose abnormalities (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: The ACE II genotype and I allele are risk factors for psoriasis vulgaris in the Northern Chinese Han population.

Background: Because of its possible significance in metabolic diseases, the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) has garnered attention as a novel and trustworthy lipid biomarker. Psoriasis may be linked to metabolic problems and obesity, according earlier research. Uncertainty surrounds the relationship between NHHR and the onset of psoriasis, though. The primary aim of this investigation was to examine the relationship between NHHR and psoriasis.

Patients and methods: This cross-sectional analysis used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2009 and 2014. The association between psoriasis and NHHR was examined using multivariate logistic regression, and smoothed curve fitting was done to explore the non-linear relationship. Furthermore, Subgroup and sensitivity studies were performed in order to confirm the robustness of the findings.

Results: Psoriasis and NHHR were shown to be positively correlated in 15,951 adult individuals who were at least 20 years old. Psoriasis risk rose by 7% for each unit increase in NHHR [1.07 (1.01, 1.14)]. Individuals in the highest NHHR tertile were 39% more likely compared to those in the bottom tertile to have psoriasis [1.39 (1.09, 1.78)]. Across subgroups, this favorable connection remained consistent.

Conclusion: Elevated NHHR levels are positively correlated with an upsurge chance of psoriasis in the adult population in the United States. The significance of NHHR as an indication for early psoriasis risk assessment is shown by this study.

Vitiligo is a chronic skin depigmentation disorder affecting 0.2-1.8% of the global population, with a significant prevalence in Saudi Arabia. Although not life-threatening, it severely impacts the quality of life and psychological well-being of patients. We report a rare instance of hemodialysis-induced skin repigmentation involving a 25-year-old woman with vitiligo universalis.

Background: The forkhead box (FOX) family member FOXN3 has been reported to inhibit transcriptional activity associated with regulating tumor development. However, the role of FOXN3 in the pathogenesis of melanoma is not well understood.

Objective: To investigate the biological functions of FOXN3 in drug resistance of melanoma.

Materials and methods: The expression of FOXN3 in melanoma was investigated using Gene Expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) and Linkedomics databases. Melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were assessed using the colony formation assay, the scratch wound healing test, the Transwell invasion assay, and the nude mice xenograft to determine the effects of FOXN3 over-expression and depletion. The functional role of the transcriptional regulator in melanoma cells was tested through chromatin immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence.

Results: FOXN3 was downregulated in melanoma. Over-expression of FOXN3 inhibited the proliferation and motility of melanoma cells, whereas FOXN3 knockdown significantly enhanced the proliferation and motility of melanoma cells. Overexpression of FOXN3 reduced autophagic activity in melanoma cells. Enhanced autophagic activity in drug-resistant melanoma cell lines is related to drug-sensitive cells, and significant differences in FOXN3 localization were observed when comparing melanoma cells that were sensitive and resistant to Vemurafenib. Additionally, FOXN3 has been identified as binding to the promoter region of the cancer antigen Fibrous Sheath Interacting Protein 1 (FSIP1), thereby regulating the expression of this gene.

Conclusion: FOXN3 functions as an important regulator of the development and progression of Vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells, partly owing to its binding to the FISP1. As such, FOXN3 may represent a relevant target for therapeutic interventions in patients suffering from drug-resistant melanoma.

Androgenetic alopecia is a chronic dermatological condition in which genetically predisposed individuals undergo progressive hair loss secondary to the effects of circulating androgens. It has been well documented that dihydrotestosterone binds to the androgenic receptors prevalent in the scalp, thus inducing miniaturization of the hair follicle. To date, the only FDA approved medications for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia are finasteride and minoxidil. A plethora of studies have been conducted testing the efficacy of various herbal compounds, but additional research is needed to further establish the concrete efficacy of such natural remedies in treating androgenetic alopecia. Of late, rosemary oil has gained mass popularity as a promising natural alternative. This review article will not only provide a detailed background on this ancient herbal component but will additionally overview all other major herbal alternatives including peppermint oil, tea tree oil, green tea, pumpkin seed oil, saw palmetto, and lavender oil and will summarize the latest clinical studies, which have tested their efficacy for the management of androgenetic alopecia.