Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology最新文献

Background: Fractional carbon dioxide lasers and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are commonly employed in the treatment of skin photoaging.

Objective: This study was developed to explore the effects of combination carbon dioxide laser treatment and BMSC injection on skin photoaging and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods & materials: In total, 24 mice with experimentally photoaged skin were separated into control, carbon dioxide fractional laser treatment, combination therapy, and BMSC injection groups. Samples of dorsal skin from these animals were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining or Masson's trichrome staining. In addition, immunohistochemical analyses and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were conducted to detect MMP-3 and MMP-9 expression.

Results: After 1 week, both dermal thickness and collagen fiber density were significantly increased in the BMSC and combination treatment groups as compared to the control group (P<0.05), while both of these parameters were significantly increased in all treatment groups after 4 weeks relative to the control group (P<0.05), with the most pronounced effect in the combination therapy group (P<0.05). MMP-3 and MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels in the treatment groups were decreased relative to the control group after 4 weeks.

Conclusion: Combination BMSC and carbon dioxide laser therapy was more effective than either of these therapeutic approaches in isolation as a treatment for photoaged skin. The improvement of effect may be due to the decrease of MMP-3 and MMP-9 expression in combination therapy.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) and pruritic skin disorders are increasingly recognized in cancer patients. The management of these conditions in patients with a history or with concomitant cancer presents unique challenges, as traditional systemic therapies may pose risks due to their immunosuppressive effects. In recent years, biologic agents such as dupilumab and tralokinumab have emerged as promising treatments for AD, offering targeted modulation of the immune response with potentially fewer systemic side effects. This article aims to review the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of dupilumab and tralokinumab in treating AD and pruritus among cancer survivors, addressing the potential benefits and considerations for this unique patient population.

Methods: A comprehensive analysis of the current medical literature was performed on the PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases until December 15, 2024. In conducting this narrative review, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and medical terminology related to clinical trials and real-life studies were employed, focusing on the pharmacological agents dupilumab, and tralokinumab.

Discussion: Patients with active or past cancer are typically excluded from clinical trials of new medications, complicating the evaluation of cancer progression or recurrence risks in these patients setting. The potential use of biologic drugs like dupilumab and tralokinumab in oncological patients marks a significant breakthrough for treating conditions such as eczema and pruritus, which are common in this patient group. Although there are no explicit contraindications for using dupilumab and tralokinumab in patients with active cancer or a history of malignancy, there is no definitive guidance on their use in such cases. Real-world data is emerging, facilitated by collaboration between dermatologists and oncologists, supporting the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab and tralokinumab for managing AD in cancer patients. Nonetheless, larger studies with longer follow-up periods and dedicated pharmacovigilance programs are needed to substantiate these findings.

Background: Malignant melanoma (MM) is an extremely aggressive type of skin cancer that represents a major risk to human health. Earlier observational research has indicated that skin microbiota could play a role in the development and advancement of MM. Nevertheless, the causal link between skin microbiota and MM is still unclear.

Methods: Utilizing data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted on a European cohort, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal link between skin microbiota and MM. The analysis involved various MR methodologies, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode. Furthermore, we performed sensitivity analysis employing the intercept test of MR-Egger, the Cochran's Q test, the MR-PRESSO approach, and a leave-one-out method.

Results: By conducting MR analysis on the KORA FF4 cohort, we identified several skin microbiotas (ASV003 [Staphylococcus (unc).], ASV016 [Enhydrobacter (unc).], and ASV021 [Micrococcus (unc).]) related with an elevated risk of MM. Conversely, genus: Finegoldia and class: Alphaproteobacteria were shown to inhibit the occurrence of MM. Additionally, MR analysis of the PopGen cohort revealed that ASV021 [Micrococcus (unc).] and family: Moraxellaceae were identified as possible risk factors for MM.

Conclusion: Our research offers new insights into the connection between skin microbiota and MM, indicating that skin microbiota might affect the onset and advancement of MM. Therefore, focusing on skin microbiota could be a valuable strategy for the prevention, identification, and management of MM.

Background: Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are characterized by spontaneous regression, and their pathogenesis involves immune cell infiltration and programmed cell death. The molecular pathways and mechanisms involved in pyroptosis in IHs are still unclear. This study aimed to identify genes related to pyroptosis in IH regression by bioinformatics methods and to explore the effects of these pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) on disease pathology and immune cell infiltration.

Methods: The microarray dataset GSE127487 was assessed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between proliferation-phase IH (PIHs) and involution-phase IH (IIHs). The DEGs that overlapped with PRGs were considered IH-PRGs. The IH-PRGs were validated and subjected to functional enrichment analysis and Genomes pathway analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was also performed to analyse the biological significance of the DEGs. The NetworkAnalyst database was used to analyse the correlation network of IH-PRGs and miRNAs as well as that of IH-PRGs and transcription factors. The STRING online database and Cytoscape were used to identify the hub-IH-PRGs. Additionally, a single-sample GSEA algorithm was applied to assess immune cell infiltration in IHs, and correlation analysis was performed between the hub-IH-PRGs and infiltrating immune cells.

Results: Fourteen IH-PRGs were identified. IL6, EGFR, IRF1 and IL32 were identified as hub-IH-PRGs and displayed excellent diagnostic performance. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed notable differences in CD8+ T cells, Tgd cells and Th17 cells between PIHs and IIHs. IL-6 was significantly positively correlated with Th17 cell infiltration and significantly negatively correlated with Tgd cell infiltration; EGFR was negatively correlated with Tgd cell infiltration; and IRF1 and IL32 were significantly negatively correlated with Th17 cell infiltration.

Conclusion: Four PRGs, namely, IL6, EGFR, IRF1 and IL32, may play a significant role in IH regression. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying IH pathogenesis, highlighting the importance of pyroptosis and immune cell infiltration.

Purpose: Hyperhidrosis (HH) is characterized by excessive sweating, which can significantly affect quality of life. The Hyperhidrosis Quality of Life Index (HidroQoL©) is the latest tool that has been developed and validated for assessing the quality of life of patients with HH. Because of the absence of an Arabic version of the HidroQoL©, this research aimed to create, validate, and adapt the HidroQoL© into Arabic.

Patients and methods: A quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with HH patients followed up in dermatology or thoracic surgery clinics. We assessed the results reliability through internal consistency and reproducibility by assessing test‒retest reliability. For validity, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis with an interitem correlation matrix and a rotated component matrix.

Results: A total of 167 participants were enrolled in this study; 61.1% were males, and 92.8% were Saudi. All 18 items of the HidroQoL©, including the daily life activities domain, psychosocial life domain, and whole HidroQoL©, had Cronbach's alpha values above 0.7. The test-retest reliability assessment demonstrated strong reproducibility. The correlations between each item and the other 17 items of the scale were positive, ranging between 0.2 and 0.6, and the results of the components analysis suggested that the questionnaire has three domains. The correlation between the test-retest results of the HidroQoL© revealed a significant strong positive correlation (r=0.9, P˂0.001).

Conclusion: Our findings revealed excellent psychometric properties of the Arabic HidroQoL© in terms of structural and construct validity, internal consistency, and reproducibility. Proper utilization of the Arabic HidroQoL© adequately assesses the quality of life of those affected by HH.

Purpose: There are significant inflammatory correlations and common immune dysregulation features between psoriasis and chronic kidney disease, however, the inflammatory mechanisms of these two diseases have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to screen immunologically related biomarkers for psoriasis and chronic kidney disease with the objective of identifying specific molecular markers to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of disease diagnosis.

Patients and methods: To achieve this objective, common differentially expressed genes between psoriasis and chronic kidney disease were first identified. Through further functional analysis, these genes were found to be primarily involved in the activation of inflammation and innate immune responses. Subsequently, six hub genes were determined using five topological algorithms. The responses of these two diseases exhibited similar changes in immune reactions. By cross-analyzing these key genes with known immune genes, three Immunity-Related Hub Genes (IRHGs) were identified, including MX1, DDX58, and ISG20.

Results: ROC curve analysis validated the excellent discriminative ability of MX1 and ISG20 in both diseases. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis revealed a higher abundance of T cells in samples from both psoriasis and chronic kidney disease, suggesting that T cell-driven immune responses may play a crucial role in the association of these two diseases. Lastly, single-cell analysis observed a significant increase in the cell abundance of T cells and endothelial cells in psoriasis and chronic kidney disease, respectively. The differential expression of MX1, DDX58, and ISG20 in these cells suggests that they may be involved to varying degrees in the pathogenic mechanisms of the two diseases.

Conclusion: This study provides a theoretical foundation for prognosis assessment and treatment of psoriasis and chronic kidney disease, contributing to a deeper understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying these conditions.

Viral warts, a common dermatological condition caused by human papillomavirus infection (HPV) infection, present a particular challenge for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients due to their compromised immunity, which increases the susceptibility to HPV infection and complicates treatment efforts. Imiquimod, an immunomodulatory agent, has demonstrated efficacy in managing warts. Furthermore, local hyperthermia, a non-invasive therapeutic modality, has demonstrated significant potential in the management of warts. We report the case of a SLE patient developed recalcitrant and extensive viral warts on limbs. We applied hyperthermia at 45 °C on a target lesion for 1 hour / day with imiquimod cream 3 times/week. All the lesions cleared in 8 months and there was no sign of recurrence.

Lichen planus pigmentosus is a variant of lichen planus characterized by gray-brown hyperpigmented macules and patches occurring in sun exposed areas. Vicks VapoRub is an inhalant ointment frequently used to relieve symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. We report a case of lichen planus pigmentosus induced by Vicks VapoRub and successfully treated with topical tacrolimus 0.1% cream.