{"title":"'We Got Next': Images of Women in Television Commercials during the Inaugural WNBA Season","authors":"S. Wearden, P. Creedon","doi":"10.1080/713999865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"21 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120929617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cultural Confrontation: Race, Politics and Cricket in South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s","authors":"G. Vahed","doi":"10.1080/713999860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121119947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The symbolic properties of French billiards single it out compared to other sports activities and contribute in some ways to classify it among cultural productions separate from usual sports activities. After deciphering the meaning of "the spirit of the game" in the universe of players by the means of ethnographical observations, we turned our attention to showing how it made sense to spectators of a big European competition. The data processing of the questionnaire revealed that the social properties of the spectators determined by the level of qualification, profession, age, sports participation, etc., were largely mobilised to decipher the game and the register of symbolic signification which is associated to it. In reflection to the discipline the spectators adopt at the same time very different codes of behaviour to those used in other sports and confirm, in a mirror like effect, the representations convoyed by the participants.
{"title":"An Unusual Cultural Product: French Billiards - Scholarly Game and Recreational Sport","authors":"S. Fleuriel","doi":"10.1080/713999858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999858","url":null,"abstract":"The symbolic properties of French billiards single it out compared to other sports activities and contribute in some ways to classify it among cultural productions separate from usual sports activities. After deciphering the meaning of \"the spirit of the game\" in the universe of players by the means of ethnographical observations, we turned our attention to showing how it made sense to spectators of a big European competition. The data processing of the questionnaire revealed that the social properties of the spectators determined by the level of qualification, profession, age, sports participation, etc., were largely mobilised to decipher the game and the register of symbolic signification which is associated to it. In reflection to the discipline the spectators adopt at the same time very different codes of behaviour to those used in other sports and confirm, in a mirror like effect, the representations convoyed by the participants.","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114350380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
s v Cultural Prescription: The European Commission’s Listed Events Regulation – Over Reaction? Harry Arne Solberg 1 Cultural Resistance and Sport: Politics, Leisure and Colonialism – Lagaan – Invoking Lost History Boria Majumdar 29 An Unusual Cultural Product: French Billiards – Scholarly Game and Recreational Sport Sébastien Fleuriel 45 Cultural Imperialism and Sport: Yair Galily The Americanization of Israeli Basketball and Ken Sheard 55 Cultural Confrontation: Race, Politics and Cricket in South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s Goolam Vahed 79 Book Reviews (see over) 109 From Volume 4, Number 1, 2001 this journal is available to institutional subscribers online at www.ingenta.com For details of past and future contents of this and our other journals as well as guidance on gaining access to this journal online, please visit our website at www.frankcass.com/jnls 52csspre.qxd 09/10/2002 13:25 Page iii
{"title":"Cultural Prescription: The European Commission's Listed Events Regulation - Over Reaction?","authors":"H. Solberg","doi":"10.1080/713999857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999857","url":null,"abstract":"s v Cultural Prescription: The European Commission’s Listed Events Regulation – Over Reaction? Harry Arne Solberg 1 Cultural Resistance and Sport: Politics, Leisure and Colonialism – Lagaan – Invoking Lost History Boria Majumdar 29 An Unusual Cultural Product: French Billiards – Scholarly Game and Recreational Sport Sébastien Fleuriel 45 Cultural Imperialism and Sport: Yair Galily The Americanization of Israeli Basketball and Ken Sheard 55 Cultural Confrontation: Race, Politics and Cricket in South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s Goolam Vahed 79 Book Reviews (see over) 109 From Volume 4, Number 1, 2001 this journal is available to institutional subscribers online at www.ingenta.com For details of past and future contents of this and our other journals as well as guidance on gaining access to this journal online, please visit our website at www.frankcass.com/jnls 52csspre.qxd 09/10/2002 13:25 Page iii","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133450632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is much debate in the literature about the relationship between Americanization and globalization. It is not our intention here to get embroiled in that debate. Rather, we intend to use the example of Israeli basketball to suggest that, in this instance, the term Americanization is more suitable for explaining developments in that sport than the more general term ‘globalization’. Israel and America enjoy a very close and interdependent relationship. This is expressed at a variety of levels: economic, military, social and cultural, as well as in close ties and identifications between Jews in Israel and those in America. Although our approach is influenced by the figurational sociology of Norbert Elias and, whilst acknowledging and accepting the particular contribution of Elias to the study of globalization and Maguire’s elaboration of that position, we would argue that Israel represents a society where, despite the importance of ‘the Jewish vote’ in American politics, the influence of the one society, America, over the other, Israel, is predominantly one-way. The ‘Americanization’ of Israeli basketball, we feel, provides a particularly strong example of this one-way influence. Like so much in Israel, sport has historically been intertwined with both religion and politics. Israel represents a unique case of an immigrant society formed on the basis of an ideological movement. 1 This has had a profound impact on the development and organization of sport and has led to the institutionalization of sport within a highly politicized framework. The Hapoel organization, involved in all sports, is associated with the Labour party and the Histadrut Federation of Labour. Beitar sports clubs are associated with the right-wing Herut faction of the Likud Party, while Elitzur, the religious sports movement, is associated with the National Religious Party. 2 The largest sports organization in Israel is the nonaffiliated Maccabi movement. The development of Israeli basketball in its early years, and its ongoing Americanization, has to be seen as interdependent with the broader political economy of Israel and in conjunction with the close relationship between the developing sports organizations, religion and the Israeli state.
{"title":"Cultural Imperialism and Sport: The Americanization of Israeli Basketball","authors":"Y. Galily, K. Sheard","doi":"10.1080/713999862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999862","url":null,"abstract":"There is much debate in the literature about the relationship between Americanization and globalization. It is not our intention here to get embroiled in that debate. Rather, we intend to use the example of Israeli basketball to suggest that, in this instance, the term Americanization is more suitable for explaining developments in that sport than the more general term ‘globalization’. Israel and America enjoy a very close and interdependent relationship. This is expressed at a variety of levels: economic, military, social and cultural, as well as in close ties and identifications between Jews in Israel and those in America. Although our approach is influenced by the figurational sociology of Norbert Elias and, whilst acknowledging and accepting the particular contribution of Elias to the study of globalization and Maguire’s elaboration of that position, we would argue that Israel represents a society where, despite the importance of ‘the Jewish vote’ in American politics, the influence of the one society, America, over the other, Israel, is predominantly one-way. The ‘Americanization’ of Israeli basketball, we feel, provides a particularly strong example of this one-way influence. Like so much in Israel, sport has historically been intertwined with both religion and politics. Israel represents a unique case of an immigrant society formed on the basis of an ideological movement. 1 This has had a profound impact on the development and organization of sport and has led to the institutionalization of sport within a highly politicized framework. The Hapoel organization, involved in all sports, is associated with the Labour party and the Histadrut Federation of Labour. Beitar sports clubs are associated with the right-wing Herut faction of the Likud Party, while Elitzur, the religious sports movement, is associated with the National Religious Party. 2 The largest sports organization in Israel is the nonaffiliated Maccabi movement. The development of Israeli basketball in its early years, and its ongoing Americanization, has to be seen as interdependent with the broader political economy of Israel and in conjunction with the close relationship between the developing sports organizations, religion and the Israeli state.","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131704474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 1946, the Japan Amateur Sports Association (JASA) has been hosting national sports festivals in Japan in order to develop top class Japanese athletes and promote sports among the Japanese people. Today, the festivals, known as the ‘Kokutai’, are held three times a year, summer, autumn and winter. The location of the festival changes every year so that each of Japan’s 47 prefectures and districts has a chance to host the event. The Kokutai is the biggest annual sports event in Japan. More than 30,000 athletes compete and 4 billion yen in tax money is spent each year for the Kokutai. Japan’s government, the host prefecture and the sports organizations share the cost burden. The Kokutai are governed by JASA under the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Culture (the Monbushou). Even though there are now more than 1.5 million foreigners living long-term or permanently in Japan, foreigners are not allowed to participate in the Kokutai. (There have been a few exceptions.) The exclusion of these foreigners constitutes racial discrimination as defined by the United Nations Committee on Human Rights (UNCHR). Racial discrimination in sports in Japan is not limited to the Kokutai Sports Festivals. Japan’s sports organizations, leagues, tournaments and teams use the Kokutai as an example for limiting or prohibiting the participation of foreigners in sports on a large scale, from high-school teams to old-timers tournaments. The opinion of these sports organizations is that if JASA can discriminate against foreigners, then it must be okay. (On the other hand if discrimination of foreigners is bad, then why can JASA do it?) The exclusion of these foreigners makes the Kokutai and Japan sports in general part of one of the largest Fascist movements in the world today. For comparison, the number of foreigners living in Japan is twice the number of Jews that lived in Germany prior to the Second World War.
{"title":"Culture, Nationalism and 'Saving Face': Sport and Discrimination in Modern Japan","authors":"D. Shukert","doi":"10.1080/713999847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999847","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1946, the Japan Amateur Sports Association (JASA) has been hosting national sports festivals in Japan in order to develop top class Japanese athletes and promote sports among the Japanese people. Today, the festivals, known as the ‘Kokutai’, are held three times a year, summer, autumn and winter. The location of the festival changes every year so that each of Japan’s 47 prefectures and districts has a chance to host the event. The Kokutai is the biggest annual sports event in Japan. More than 30,000 athletes compete and 4 billion yen in tax money is spent each year for the Kokutai. Japan’s government, the host prefecture and the sports organizations share the cost burden. The Kokutai are governed by JASA under the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Culture (the Monbushou). Even though there are now more than 1.5 million foreigners living long-term or permanently in Japan, foreigners are not allowed to participate in the Kokutai. (There have been a few exceptions.) The exclusion of these foreigners constitutes racial discrimination as defined by the United Nations Committee on Human Rights (UNCHR). Racial discrimination in sports in Japan is not limited to the Kokutai Sports Festivals. Japan’s sports organizations, leagues, tournaments and teams use the Kokutai as an example for limiting or prohibiting the participation of foreigners in sports on a large scale, from high-school teams to old-timers tournaments. The opinion of these sports organizations is that if JASA can discriminate against foreigners, then it must be okay. (On the other hand if discrimination of foreigners is bad, then why can JASA do it?) The exclusion of these foreigners makes the Kokutai and Japan sports in general part of one of the largest Fascist movements in the world today. For comparison, the number of foreigners living in Japan is twice the number of Jews that lived in Germany prior to the Second World War.","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131447052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sporting estates are a form of private hunting reserve covering extensive areas of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and have been the focus of debate regarding their legitimacy from moral, political, economic and social perspectives ever since their establishment in the nineteenth century. In recent years, a growing debate about sustainable land use, access to the countryside, ‘blood sports’ and land reform has led to sporting estates being subjected to a continuing critique from environmentalists, land reformers, crofting tenants, community interests and politicians. The sporting estate is thought to be unique in modern industrial democracies and, as the legal, political and social framework which governs much of the hunting economy, perhaps has its closest parallels with the private game reserves of some African states. Certainly, in comparison to other European countries, where they do not exist, sporting estates are a distinctively Scottish phenomenon. Owners and managers of sporting estates are increasingly finding themselves drawn into a debate about the role and validity of such estates. The re-establishment of a Scottish Parliament in 1999 led to the emergence of new public policy agendas on rural development and land reform, topics which were neglected at the UK level owing to a shortage of parliamentary time and the vested interests of the many landowning members of the House of Lords. This article offers an analysis of the role of sporting estates in recreational land use. Is hunting a form of recreation and, if so, what is the relationship between hunting and sporting estates? For the purposes of this analysis, the article concentrates on evidence derived from deerstalking, which represents the most widespread and historically dominant form of hunting, the one with the closest association with the sporting estate phenomenon, and the one which has been subjected to most (albeit still limited) research and analysis. Importantly, the article does not concern itself with the question of the legitimacy or otherwise of hunting as an activity. Its purpose is to examine the influence which the sporting estate as 51css04.qxd 22/03/2002 12:25 Page 53
{"title":"The Cultural Politics of Hunting: Sporting Estates and Recreational Land Use in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland","authors":"A. Wightman, P. Higgins, G. Jarvie, R. Nicol","doi":"10.1080/713999852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999852","url":null,"abstract":"Sporting estates are a form of private hunting reserve covering extensive areas of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and have been the focus of debate regarding their legitimacy from moral, political, economic and social perspectives ever since their establishment in the nineteenth century. In recent years, a growing debate about sustainable land use, access to the countryside, ‘blood sports’ and land reform has led to sporting estates being subjected to a continuing critique from environmentalists, land reformers, crofting tenants, community interests and politicians. The sporting estate is thought to be unique in modern industrial democracies and, as the legal, political and social framework which governs much of the hunting economy, perhaps has its closest parallels with the private game reserves of some African states. Certainly, in comparison to other European countries, where they do not exist, sporting estates are a distinctively Scottish phenomenon. Owners and managers of sporting estates are increasingly finding themselves drawn into a debate about the role and validity of such estates. The re-establishment of a Scottish Parliament in 1999 led to the emergence of new public policy agendas on rural development and land reform, topics which were neglected at the UK level owing to a shortage of parliamentary time and the vested interests of the many landowning members of the House of Lords. This article offers an analysis of the role of sporting estates in recreational land use. Is hunting a form of recreation and, if so, what is the relationship between hunting and sporting estates? For the purposes of this analysis, the article concentrates on evidence derived from deerstalking, which represents the most widespread and historically dominant form of hunting, the one with the closest association with the sporting estate phenomenon, and the one which has been subjected to most (albeit still limited) research and analysis. Importantly, the article does not concern itself with the question of the legitimacy or otherwise of hunting as an activity. Its purpose is to examine the influence which the sporting estate as 51css04.qxd 22/03/2002 12:25 Page 53","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127801589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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