{"title":"Epilogue: The Future of Exchange between Local Culture and Global Trends","authors":"Stephen G. Wieting, J. Polumbaum","doi":"10.1080/713999823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114037711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the late 1970s South Africa’s non-racial sports movement adopted the slogan, coined by Hassan Howa of the South African Cricket Board, ‘no normal sport in an abnormal society’. It later became a standard defence of the sporting boycott of apartheid. That black cricketers like the West Indian Alvin Kallicharan could only compete as honorary whites confirmed both this view and that of the contributors to Lincoln Allison’s The Politics of Sport, who rejected the ‘myth of autonomy’ of sport from wider social and political processes. Sport and society are clearly connected, but the question of normal sport is not straightforward. What passes for social normality is constructed historically and within the context of dominant ideas, structures, institutions and behaviours: capitalist normality produces a sport in its own image, alienation, exploitation, oppression and all, albeit a sport whose forms change with the unfolding of capitalist contradictions. Sport is neither an expression of some natural competitive spirit imputed to all of humanity by bourgeois ideology nor a simple and unqualified extension of play: sport is too heavily laden with competition, routine, success and failure to be equated with the playful pursuit of pleasure. Against the unintegrated, one-sided beings that the poet and historian Schiller encountered under early capitalism, he argued that play ‘makes man complete’. If sport does not unite mind and body, conception and execution, in the way that play does, it nevertheless provides an opportunity for the expression of accumulated frustrations and, occasionally, popular resistance to dominant values and structures. But, what Engels called Schiller’s ‘sentimental enthusiasm for unrealisable ideals’ is no guide to the recovery of play: reform of capitalist sport is possible but the playful pursuit of pleasure can only be fully achieved under socialism.
20世纪70年代末，南非的非种族体育运动采用了由南非板球委员会的哈桑·豪瓦提出的口号:“不正常的社会里没有正常的运动”。这句话后来成为体育运动抵制种族隔离的标准辩护词。像西印度群岛的Alvin Kallicharan这样的黑人板球运动员只能以荣誉白人的身份参加比赛，这证实了这一观点，也证实了林肯·艾利森(Lincoln Allison)的《体育政治》(the Politics of Sport)一书的撰稿人的观点，他们拒绝了体育在更广泛的社会和政治过程中的“自治神话”。体育和社会显然是有联系的，但正常体育的问题却不是直截了当的。所谓的社会常态是在历史上和主导思想、结构、制度和行为的背景下构建的:资本主义常态以自己的形象产生了一种运动，异化、剥削、压迫等等，尽管这种运动的形式随着资本主义矛盾的展开而变化。体育既不是资产阶级意识形态赋予全人类的某种自然竞争精神的表达，也不是游戏的简单和无限制的延伸:体育充满了竞争、常规、成功和失败，不能等同于对快乐的嬉戏追求。诗人和历史学家席勒在早期资本主义制度下遇到的是不完整的、片面的存在，他认为游戏“使人完整”。如果体育运动不能像比赛那样把身心、观念和执行统一起来，它仍然提供了一个机会来表达积累的挫折，偶尔也会表达公众对主流价值观和结构的抵制。但是，恩格斯所说的席勒“对无法实现的理想的感性热情”并不能指导游戏的恢复:资本主义体育的改革是可能的，但对快乐的嬉戏追求只能在社会主义下完全实现。
{"title":"Capitalism, Sport and Resistance: Reflections","authors":"A. Budd","doi":"10.1080/713999808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999808","url":null,"abstract":"In the late 1970s South Africa’s non-racial sports movement adopted the slogan, coined by Hassan Howa of the South African Cricket Board, ‘no normal sport in an abnormal society’. It later became a standard defence of the sporting boycott of apartheid. That black cricketers like the West Indian Alvin Kallicharan could only compete as honorary whites confirmed both this view and that of the contributors to Lincoln Allison’s The Politics of Sport, who rejected the ‘myth of autonomy’ of sport from wider social and political processes. Sport and society are clearly connected, but the question of normal sport is not straightforward. What passes for social normality is constructed historically and within the context of dominant ideas, structures, institutions and behaviours: capitalist normality produces a sport in its own image, alienation, exploitation, oppression and all, albeit a sport whose forms change with the unfolding of capitalist contradictions. Sport is neither an expression of some natural competitive spirit imputed to all of humanity by bourgeois ideology nor a simple and unqualified extension of play: sport is too heavily laden with competition, routine, success and failure to be equated with the playful pursuit of pleasure. Against the unintegrated, one-sided beings that the poet and historian Schiller encountered under early capitalism, he argued that play ‘makes man complete’. If sport does not unite mind and body, conception and execution, in the way that play does, it nevertheless provides an opportunity for the expression of accumulated frustrations and, occasionally, popular resistance to dominant values and structures. But, what Engels called Schiller’s ‘sentimental enthusiasm for unrealisable ideals’ is no guide to the recovery of play: reform of capitalist sport is possible but the playful pursuit of pleasure can only be fully achieved under socialism.","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"24 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131336798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Key Moral Issue: Should Boxing be Banned?","authors":"K. Jones","doi":"10.1080/713999812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999812","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114921647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case Study in Cultural Diffusion: British Ice Hockey and American Influences in Europe","authors":"O. Kivinen, J. Mesikämmen, T. Metsä-Tokila","doi":"10.1080/713999809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999809","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125186097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
organization of time and an economy geared to the accumulation of capital, were all interwoven with the upsurge of sport in the nineteenth century. In Germany, where industrialization did not take hold until the second half of the century, the triumph of sport over other forms of physical activity, in particular German Turnen, only manifested itself towards the end of the nineteenth century. 76 CULTURE, SPORT, SOCIETY 41css06.qxd 14/03/2001 12:44 Page 76
{"title":"Sport, Technology and Society: From Snow Shoes to Racing Skis","authors":"G. Pfister","doi":"10.1080/713999811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999811","url":null,"abstract":"organization of time and an economy geared to the accumulation of capital, were all interwoven with the upsurge of sport in the nineteenth century. In Germany, where industrialization did not take hold until the second half of the century, the triumph of sport over other forms of physical activity, in particular German Turnen, only manifested itself towards the end of the nineteenth century. 76 CULTURE, SPORT, SOCIETY 41css06.qxd 14/03/2001 12:44 Page 76","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130645373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Media, Regional Culture and the Great North Run: 'Big Bren's Human Race'","authors":"K. Gregson, M. Huggins","doi":"10.1080/713999810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999810","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115531720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maybe It's Better to Bowl Alone: Sport, Community and Democracy in American Thought","authors":"M. Dyreson","doi":"10.1080/713999807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/713999807","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105095,"journal":{"name":"Culture, Sport, Society","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126309683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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