Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves最新文献

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Heat and Mass Transfer and Chemical Kinetics in the Combustion of Polymethyl Methacrylate in Air under Free Convection 自由对流条件下聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯在空气中燃烧的传热传质和化学动力学

IF 1.2 4区工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves

Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1134/s0010508223060047

T. A. Bolshova, A. G. Shmakov

Abstract

Heat and mass transfer processes and the rate of fuel oxidation are the determining parameters of combustion of non-premixed gaseous fuel–oxidizer flows and solid-fuel combustion in a gaseous oxidizer. A correct description of these processes is of both scientific and practical interest. The influence of the kinetics of chemical reactions and diffusion of fuel molecules on the thermal and chemical structure of the flame forming around a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sphere in air under natural convection has been studied by numerical simulation. The three-dimensional gas flow around the solid body has been calculated using the full Navier–Stokes equations for a multicomponent mixture taking into account diffusion and heat transfer between the surface and gas, convection, and radiative heat transfer. The kinetic model represents the conjugate reactions both on the condensed material surface and in the gas phase. The formation of the gaseous fuel methyl methacrylate (MMA) on the surface is described by an effective one-step pyrolysis reaction of PMMA. The oxidation of MMA in the gas phase is described by the global reaction C₅H₈O₂ + 6O₂ (to) 5CO₂ + 4H₂O. It has been found that the temperature and species concentration profiles in the flame practically do not depend on the rate constant of this reaction provided that the characteristic reaction time is much less than the characteristic time of MMA diffusion. It has been shown that varying the MMA diffusion coefficient has a significant effect on the thermal and chemical structure of the flame. Increasing the MMA diffusion coefficient increases the maximum flame temperature. The results of the study show that the transport properties of compounds required to calculate their transport coefficients are among the most important parameters for accurate CFD simulation.

摘要热量和质量传递过程以及燃料氧化率是非预混合气体燃料-氧化剂流燃烧和固体燃料在气体氧化剂中燃烧的决定性参数。正确描述这些过程既具有科学意义，也具有实用价值。通过数值模拟研究了在自然对流条件下，化学反应动力学和燃料分子扩散对围绕聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）球体在空气中形成的火焰的热化学结构的影响。固体体周围的三维气体流是利用多组分混合物的完整纳维-斯托克斯方程计算的，其中考虑到了表面与气体之间的扩散和传热、对流和辐射传热。动力学模型表示了凝结材料表面和气相中的共轭反应。气态燃料甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）在表面的形成是通过 PMMA 有效的一步热解反应来描述的。甲基丙烯酸甲酯在气相中的氧化反应由全局反应 C5H8O2 + 6O2 (to) 5CO2 + 4H2O 描述。研究发现，只要特征反应时间远小于 MMA 扩散的特征时间，火焰中的温度和物种浓度曲线实际上并不取决于该反应的速率常数。研究表明，改变 MMA 扩散系数对火焰的热结构和化学结构有显著影响。增加 MMA 扩散系数会提高火焰的最高温度。研究结果表明，计算其传输系数所需的化合物传输特性是进行精确 CFD 模拟的最重要参数之一。

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引用次数: 0

Synthesis and Application of Hydrophobic Silicon Dioxide to Improve the Rheological Properties of Strovite-Based Fire Extinguishing Agents 合成和应用疏水性二氧化硅改善石墨基灭火剂的流变特性

IF 1.2 4区工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves

Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1134/s0010508223060096

Y. Huo, I. V. Val’tsifer, A. Sh. Shamsutdinov, N. B. Kondrashova, V. V. Zamashchikov, A. V. P’yankova

Abstract

The rheological characteristics of struvite-based fire extinguishing powder mixtures are comparatively analyzed when using hydrophobic silicon dioxide as a functional filler, obtained during a single-stage synthesis by various methods. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen sorption–desorption, and other methods are used to investigate the influence of the synthesis method on the textural and structural properties of hydrophobic functional fillers of fire extinguishing powder mixtures. It is revealed that the key factor affecting the rheological properties of such mixtures is the uniform distribution of the functional filler over the surface of the particles of a fire extinguishing component (struvite). It is proven that the struvite-based powder composition and the developed functional filler are highly effective for fire extinguishment.

摘要比较分析了以疏水性二氧化硅为功能填料，通过不同方法单级合成得到的结构型灭火粉末混合物的流变特性。采用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、低温氮吸附-解吸等方法研究了合成方法对灭火粉末混合物疏水功能填料质构性质的影响。结果表明，影响此类混合物流变特性的关键因素是功能填料在灭火成分（硬石膏）颗粒表面的均匀分布。事实证明，基于硬石膏的粉末组合物和开发的功能填料在灭火方面非常有效。

引用次数: 0

Explosive Decomposition of High Explosives with Ultrafine Metal Particle Inclusions under the Influence of Pulse Laser Radiation 含超细金属颗粒夹杂物的高爆炸药在脉冲激光辐射影响下的爆炸分解

IF 1.2 4区工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves

Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1134/s0010508223060138

B. P. Aduev, D. R. Nurmukhametov, N. V. Nelyubina, I. Yu. Liskov, G. M. Belokurov

Abstract

This study describes a model for initiating an explosive decomposition of composite materials based on high explosives that weakly absorb radiation and ultrafine metal inclusions under the influence of nanosecond laser pulses. The model is based on experimental data obtained by investigating the explosive decomposition of PETN with ultrafine metal particle inclusions (Al, Ni, and Fe). The model serves as a basis for constructing a scientifically grounded algorithm for determining the composition of a material with minimal thresholds for laser initiation of explosive decomposition, which makes it possible to replace most experiments with theoretical calculations and optoacoustic measurements. The algorithm is verified using data from laser initiation of RDX with inclusions of ultrafine iron particles.

摘要本研究描述了一个在纳秒激光脉冲影响下引发复合材料爆炸分解的模型，该模型基于弱吸收辐射的高能炸药和超细金属夹杂物。该模型基于研究 PETN 与超细金属颗粒夹杂物（Al、Ni 和 Fe）爆炸分解所获得的实验数据。该模型可作为构建科学算法的基础，用于确定具有激光引发爆炸分解最小阈值的材料成分，从而可以用理论计算和光声测量取代大多数实验。利用含有超细铁颗粒的 RDX 激光引发的数据对该算法进行了验证。

引用次数: 0

Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Methane Pyrolysis Products during Laser Evaporation of CrO $$_{x}$$ /Al2O3 Nanoparticles in a Methane–Argon Medium 甲烷-氩气介质中 CrO $$_{x}$$ /Al2O3 纳米粒子激光蒸发过程中的甲烷热解产物气相色谱分析

IF 1.2 4区工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves

Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1134/s0010508223060059

A. N. Pyryaev, Vl. N. Snytnikov

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a chromatographic analysis of gaseous products formed during the laser synthesis of catalytic Cr/Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in a methane–argon medium. The main difficulties of such studies are noted. Methods for solving this problem and ways to optimize the methane pyrolysis accompanying the laser synthesis of nanoparticles are proposed. The fundamental possibility of simultaneous synthesis of catalytic nanoparticles and their use for methane pyrolysis are demonstrated. The main products of pyrolysis in this process are hydrogen and amorphous carbon. The maximum hydrogen yield is 4% (vol.). It is shown how the process can be optimized to increase the hydrogen yield and expand the range of reaction products for unsaturated hydrocarbons.

摘要本文介绍了在甲烷-氩气介质中激光合成催化 Cr/Al2O3 纳米粒子过程中形成的气态产物的色谱分析结果。文中指出了此类研究的主要困难。提出了解决这一问题的方法和优化激光合成纳米粒子时甲烷热解的方法。证明了同时合成催化纳米粒子及其用于甲烷热解的基本可能性。在这一过程中，热解的主要产物是氢和无定形碳。氢的最大产率为 4%（体积分数）。图中展示了如何对该工艺进行优化，以提高氢产率并扩大不饱和碳氢化合物的反应产物范围。

引用次数: 0

Effect of Synthesis Parameters on the Characteristics and Catalytic Activity of Combined Metal Oxide Catalysts of Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate 合成参数对高氯酸铵热分解组合金属氧化物催化剂特性和催化活性的影响

IF 1.2 4区工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves

Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1134/s0010508223060084

I. I. Lebedeva, K. O. Ukhin, M. A. Savast’yanova, N. B. Kondrashova, V. A. Val’tsifer, V. N. Strel’nikov, I. G. Mokrushin

Abstract

This paper presents combined metal oxide catalysts for the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, combining two transition metal oxides (iron and cobalt) deposited on the surface of a carbon support. Combined catalysts are obtained by impregnation and chemical precipitation methods. Catalyst samples containing various phases of iron and cobalt oxides are obtained by varying the calcination temperature. The structural and morphological features of the synthesized catalysts are studied using different methods: X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area. As shown by the study performed using differential scanning calorimetry, the synthesized combination catalysts manifest high catalytic activity during the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, reducing the peak temperature of the high-temperature stage of decomposition by more than 60°C.

摘要本文介绍了用于分解高氯酸铵的组合金属氧化物催化剂，该催化剂结合了沉积在碳载体表面的两种过渡金属氧化物（铁和钴）。组合催化剂是通过浸渍法和化学沉淀法获得的。通过改变煅烧温度可获得含有不同铁和钴氧化物相的催化剂样品。使用不同的方法对合成催化剂的结构和形态特征进行了研究：X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和布鲁瑙尔-艾美特-泰勒表面积。使用差示扫描量热法进行的研究表明，合成的组合催化剂在高氯酸铵的热分解过程中具有很高的催化活性，可将分解高温阶段的峰值温度降低 60°C 以上。

引用次数: 0

Effect of Ultrafine Al/B, Ti/B, and Fe/B Powders on the Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of High-Energy Materials 超细 Al/B、Ti/B 和 Fe/B 粉末对高能材料点火和燃烧特性的影响

IF 1.2 4区工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves

Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1134/s0010508223060072

I. V. Sorokin, A. G. Korotkikh

Abstract

This paper describes a study of the ignition and combustion characteristics of a high-energy material containing ammonium perchlorate, butadiene rubber, and an ultrafine powder mixture of aluminum, titanium, or iron with amorphous boron. An experimental stand based on a CO₂ laser and a constant-pressure bomb is used to measure the ignition delay time and burning rate of the high-energy material while varying the heat flux density and the chamber pressure. It is shown that replacing amorphous boron with ultrafine Al/B, Ti/B, or Fe/B in a high-energy material reduces the heating time and the moment at which a flame appears on the propellant surface due to an increase in the reaction rate and a decrease in the oxidation temperature of these mixtures on the surface of the reaction layer. In this case, the burning rate of the high-energy materials with Me/B at excess pressures increases significantly (up to 240% for Al/B-HEM and up to 120% for Ti/B-HEM at a pressure of 5.0 MPa).

摘要本文介绍了对含有高氯酸铵、丁二烯橡胶以及铝、钛或铁与无定形硼的超细粉末混合物的高能材料的点火和燃烧特性的研究。利用基于二氧化碳激光器和恒压炸弹的实验台，在改变热通量密度和腔室压力的同时，测量高能材料的点火延迟时间和燃烧速率。结果表明，在高能材料中用超细 Al/B、Ti/B 或 Fe/B 取代无定形硼，可以缩短加热时间，并减少推进剂表面出现火焰的时刻，这是因为这些混合物在反应层表面的反应速率增加，氧化温度降低。在这种情况下，高能材料与 Me/B 在超压下的燃烧率显著增加（在 5.0 兆帕压力下，Al/B-HEM 的燃烧率可达 240%，Ti/B-HEM 的燃烧率可达 120%）。

引用次数: 0

Generation of Defects during Shock Compression of Aluminum 铝在冲击压缩过程中产生缺陷

IF 1.2 4区工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves

Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1134/s0010508223060163

S. D. Gilev

Abstract

Measurements of the electrical resistance of shock-compressed aluminum are used in the present study to estimate the concentration of point defects generated by the shock wave front. The parameters of the physical state of a thin metal sample are found by means of modeling the shock wave processes in the measurement cell. Experimental values of the specific electrical resistance of aluminum are compared with predictions of the equilibrium electrical resistance model. The proposed model ensures an adequate description of currently available reference data on equilibrium isothermal compression and isobaric heating of aluminum. At the same time, the shock wave experiment yields a higher specific electrical resistance than that predicted by the model of the electrical resistance of an equilibrium defectless crystal. The detected difference in the specific electrical resistances testifies to generation of defects of the crystal structure of the metal subjected to dynamic compression. Under the assumption of predominant formation of vacancies, the concentration of defects in aluminum is estimated as a function of the shock wave pressure. The number of defects in the metal increases with an increase in the shock wave pressure. The data obtained are qualitatively consistent with available results for copper and silver, which allows one to claim that generation of defects under shock compression has common specific features for these metals. The physical state of shock-compressed aluminum is thermodynamically nonequilibrium and includes numerous defects.

摘要本研究利用对冲击压缩铝电阻的测量来估算冲击波前沿产生的点缺陷的浓度。通过对测量单元中的冲击波过程进行建模，找到了薄金属样品物理状态的参数。铝的比电阻实验值与平衡电阻模型的预测值进行了比较。所提出的模型可确保充分描述当前可用的铝平衡等温压缩和等压加热参考数据。同时，冲击波实验得出的比电阻高于无缺陷晶体平衡电阻模型的预测值。检测到的比电阻差异证明了金属晶体结构在受到动态压缩时产生了缺陷。在主要形成空位的假设下，铝中的缺陷浓度被估算为冲击波压力的函数。金属中的缺陷数量随着冲击波压力的增加而增加。所获得的数据与铜和银的现有结果在性质上是一致的，因此可以说，在冲击压缩下产生的缺陷具有这些金属的共同特征。冲击压缩铝的物理状态在热力学上是非平衡的，包括许多缺陷。

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引用次数: 0

Combustion Performance of a Bi2O3/Al/1Me-3N Mixture Depending on Its Prescription Configuration 取决于处方配置的 Bi2O3/Al/1Me-3N 混合物的燃烧性能

IF 1.2 4区工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves

Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1134/s001050822306014x

V. V. Gordeev, M. V. Kazutin, N. V. Kozyrev

Abstract

This paper describes a study of combustion performance of a Bi₂O₃/Al nanothermite mixture with the addition of 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (1Me-3N) depending on the content of the latter and the component ratio of a base Bi₂O₃/Al nanothermite pair. Adding 1Me-3N to the mixture increases the explosive force, but the latter begins to decrease as soon as the additive content reaches over a certain limit. Depending on the prescription configuration, it is possible to increase the explosive force by 22–29% relative to Bi₂O₃/Al nanothermite. Changing the prescription configuration makes it possible to vary the burning rate of Bi₂O₃/Al/1Me-3N within a range of 400–690 m/s in charges 2 mm in diameter and within a range of 120–430 m/s in a 0.1-mm thick layer.

摘要本文介绍了对添加 1-甲基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三氮唑（1Me-3N）的 Bi2O3/Al 纳米温石棉混合物燃烧性能的研究，该研究取决于 1-甲基-3-硝基-1,2,4-三氮唑（1Me-3N）的含量和基础 Bi2O3/Al 纳米温石棉对的组分比例。在混合物中加入 1Me-3N 会增加爆炸力，但一旦添加剂含量超过一定限度，爆炸力就会开始下降。根据处方配置，相对于 Bi2O3/Al 纳米温石棉，爆炸力可提高 22-29%。改变处方配置可以改变 Bi2O3/Al/1Me-3N 的燃烧速度，在直径为 2 毫米的装药中为 400-690 米/秒，在 0.1 毫米厚的层中为 120-430 米/秒。

引用次数: 0

Errors in Using Balance Relations in the Theory of Combustion of Condensed Systems 凝结体系燃烧理论中使用平衡关系的误区

IF 1.2 4区工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0010508223060102

Abstract

Due to the total lack of reliable experimental data on the kinetics of solid-phase transformations at high temperatures, adequate estimates of the ignition and combustion characteristics of real energetic materials are currently unavailable. In combustion theory, balance relations in the form of ignition criteria and in the form of the principle of equivalence of the burning rate increase under the action of a radiant flux to the corresponding increase in the initial temperature are used in most cases without sufficient theoretical justification, what can lead to incorrect results. Numerical simulation of the ignition and combustion of model energetic materials can provide a basis for determining the conditions for the correct use of balance relations. In this work, using a model of unsteady combustion of melting energetic materials, ignition and combustion under the action of a radiant flux have been studied numerically and the fitting coefficients in the balance relations have been obtained. It has been shown that the values of these coefficients depend on the kinetic parameters of solid-phase transformations and the intensity of the external heating source. It is concluded that it is necessary to continue the theoretical research aimed at developing valid approaches to determine the parameters of global reactions in the condensed phase using data on the delay of ignition by heat flux and to determine the correct fitting coefficients when using the equivalence principle.

摘要由于完全缺乏有关高温下固相转化动力学的可靠实验数据，目前无法对实际高能材料的点火和燃烧特性进行充分估计。在燃烧理论中，点火标准形式的平衡关系和辐射通量作用下燃烧速率增加与初始温度相应增加的等效原则形式的平衡关系在大多数情况下都是在没有充分理论依据的情况下使用的，这可能会导致错误的结果。对高能材料模型的点火和燃烧进行数值模拟，可以为确定正确使用平衡关系的条件提供依据。在这项工作中，利用高能材料熔化非稳态燃烧模型，对辐射通量作用下的点火和燃烧进行了数值研究，并获得了平衡关系中的拟合系数。研究表明，这些系数的值取决于固相转化的动力学参数和外部加热源的强度。结论是，有必要继续开展理论研究，以制定有效的方法，利用热通量延迟点火的数据确定凝聚相中的全局反应参数，并在使用等效原理时确定正确的拟合系数。

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引用次数: 0

Calculation of Thermochemical and Detonation Parameters of Azido-Acetylenic Derivatives of s-Triazine s-Triazine 的叠氮乙酰基衍生物的热化学和引爆参数计算

IF 1.2 4区工程技术 Q4 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1134/s0010508223060060

Abstract

The properties of azido-acetylenic derivatives of s-triazine containing various combinations of propynyloxy, propynylamino, N-methyl-propynylamino, and azido groups have been studied, and their enthalpy of formation in the condensed phase, density, and impact and friction sensitivities have been determined. Based on these data, the energy parameters of detonation, combustion, and adiabatic transformation for individual compounds and their compositions with the binder SKI-3 isoprene rubber have been calculated. The results of the integrated experimental and theoretical studies suggest a high heat of combustion of the investigated individual compounds and compositions based on them.

摘要研究了含有不同丙炔氧基、丙炔氨基、N-甲基丙炔氨基和叠氮基团组合的 s-三嗪叠氮乙炔衍生物的特性，并确定了它们在凝聚相中的形成焓、密度以及冲击和摩擦敏感性。根据这些数据，计算了单个化合物及其与粘合剂 SKI-3 异戊二烯橡胶组成的起爆、燃烧和绝热转化的能量参数。综合实验和理论研究的结果表明，所研究的单个化合物和以它们为基础的混合物具有很高的燃烧热。

引用次数: 0

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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