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Spanning trees in graphs without large bipartite holes 无大二部孔图中的生成树
4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0963548323000378
Jie Han, Jie Hu, Lidan Ping, Guanghui Wang, Yi Wang, Donglei Yang
Abstract We show that for any $varepsilon gt 0$ and $Delta in mathbb{N}$ , there exists $alpha gt 0$ such that for sufficiently large $n$ , every $n$ -vertex graph $G$ satisfying that $delta (G)geq varepsilon n$ and $e(X, Y)gt 0$ for every pair of disjoint vertex sets $X, Ysubseteq V(G)$ of size $alpha n$ contains all spanning trees with maximum degree at most $Delta$ . This strengthens a result of Böttcher, Han, Kohayakawa, Montgomery, Parczyk, and Person.
摘要我们证明了对于任意$varepsilon gt 0$和$Delta in mathbb{N}$,存在这样的$alpha gt 0$,对于足够大的$n$,每一个$n$ -顶点图$G$满足$delta (G)geq varepsilon n$和$e(X, Y)gt 0$对于每一对大小为$alpha n$的不相交顶点集$X, Ysubseteq V(G)$包含所有最大度的生成树$Delta$。这加强了Böttcher、Han、Kohayakawa、Montgomery、Parczyk和Person的研究结果。
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引用次数: 0
Approximate discrete entropy monotonicity for log-concave sums 对数凹和的近似离散熵单调性
4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1017/s0963548323000408
Lampros Gavalakis
Abstract It is proven that a conjecture of Tao (2010) holds true for log-concave random variables on the integers: For every $n geq 1$ , if $X_1,ldots,X_n$ are i.i.d. integer-valued, log-concave random variables, then begin{equation*} H(X_1+cdots +X_{n+1}) geq H(X_1+cdots +X_{n}) + frac {1}{2}log {Bigl (frac {n+1}{n}Bigr )} - o(1) end{equation*} as $H(X_1) to infty$ , where $H(X_1)$ denotes the (discrete) Shannon entropy. The problem is reduced to the continuous setting by showing that if $U_1,ldots,U_n$ are independent continuous uniforms on $(0,1)$ , then begin{equation*} h(X_1+cdots +X_n + U_1+cdots +U_n) = H(X_1+cdots +X_n) + o(1), end{equation*} as $H(X_1) to infty$ , where $h$ stands for the differential entropy. Explicit bounds for the $o(1)$ -terms are provided.
摘要证明了Tao(2010)的一个猜想对于整数上的凹对数随机变量成立:对于每一个$n geq 1$,如果$X_1,ldots,X_n$是i.i.d个整数值的凹对数随机变量,则begin{equation*} H(X_1+cdots +X_{n+1}) geq H(X_1+cdots +X_{n}) + frac {1}{2}log {Bigl (frac {n+1}{n}Bigr )} - o(1) end{equation*}为$H(X_1) to infty$,其中$H(X_1)$表示(离散的)香农熵。通过表明如果$U_1,ldots,U_n$是$(0,1)$上的独立连续制服,则begin{equation*} h(X_1+cdots +X_n + U_1+cdots +U_n) = H(X_1+cdots +X_n) + o(1), end{equation*}为$H(X_1) to infty$,其中$h$代表微分熵,问题被简化为连续设置。提供了$o(1)$ -项的显式边界。
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引用次数: 0
A special case of Vu’s conjecture: colouring nearly disjoint graphs of bounded maximum degree Vu猜想的一个特例:最大有界度的近不相交图的上色
4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1017/s0963548323000299
Tom Kelly, Daniela Kühn, Deryk Osthus
Abstract A collection of graphs is nearly disjoint if every pair of them intersects in at most one vertex. We prove that if $G_1, dots, G_m$ are nearly disjoint graphs of maximum degree at most $D$ , then the following holds. For every fixed $C$ , if each vertex $v in bigcup _{i=1}^m V(G_i)$ is contained in at most $C$ of the graphs $G_1, dots, G_m$ , then the (list) chromatic number of $bigcup _{i=1}^m G_i$ is at most $D + o(D)$ . This result confirms a special case of a conjecture of Vu and generalizes Kahn’s bound on the list chromatic index of linear uniform hypergraphs of bounded maximum degree. In fact, this result holds for the correspondence (or DP) chromatic number and thus implies a recent result of Molloy and Postle, and we derive this result from a more general list colouring result in the setting of ‘colour degrees’ that also implies a result of Reed and Sudakov.
如果一组图的每一对至少有一个顶点相交,则该组图是几乎不相交的。我们证明了如果$G_1, dots, G_m$是最大度为$D$的近不相交图,则下列成立。对于每个固定的$C$,如果每个顶点$v in bigcup _{i=1}^m V(G_i)$最多包含在图表$G_1, dots, G_m$的$C$中,则$bigcup _{i=1}^m G_i$的(列表)色数最多为$D + o(D)$。这一结果证实了Vu猜想的一个特例,推广了有界最大度线性一致超图的表色指标上的Kahn界。事实上,这个结果适用于对应色数(或DP),因此暗示了Molloy和Postle最近的一个结果,我们从“色度”设置中更一般的列表着色结果推导出这个结果,这个结果也暗示了Reed和Sudakov的结果。
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引用次数: 1
On oriented cycles in randomly perturbed digraphs 随机摄动有向图中的有向环
4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1017/s0963548323000391
Igor Araujo, József Balogh, Robert A. Krueger, Simón Piga, Andrew Treglown
Abstract In 2003, Bohman, Frieze, and Martin initiated the study of randomly perturbed graphs and digraphs. For digraphs, they showed that for every $alpha gt 0$ , there exists a constant $C$ such that for every $n$ -vertex digraph of minimum semi-degree at least $alpha n$ , if one adds $Cn$ random edges then asymptotically almost surely the resulting digraph contains a consistently oriented Hamilton cycle. We generalize their result, showing that the hypothesis of this theorem actually asymptotically almost surely ensures the existence of every orientation of a cycle of every possible length, simultaneously. Moreover, we prove that we can relax the minimum semi-degree condition to a minimum total degree condition when considering orientations of a cycle that do not contain a large number of vertices of indegree $1$ . Our proofs make use of a variant of an absorbing method of Montgomery.
2003年,Bohman、Frieze和Martin开始了随机摄动图和有向图的研究。对于有向图,他们证明了对于每一个$ α gt 0$,存在一个常数$C$,使得对于每一个$n$顶点的最小半度的有向图,如果加上$Cn$随机边,则得到的有向图渐进地几乎肯定包含一个一致取向的汉密尔顿环。我们推广了他们的结果,证明了该定理的假设实际上是渐近地几乎肯定地保证了每个可能长度的环的每个方向同时存在。此外,我们证明了当考虑不包含大量度为$1$的顶点时,我们可以将最小半度条件松弛为最小总度条件。我们的证明采用了蒙哥马利吸收法的一种变体。
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引用次数: 4
Mastermind with a linear number of queries 具有线性查询数的策划者
4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1017/s0963548323000366
Anders Martinsson, Pascal Su
Abstract Since the 1960s Mastermind has been studied for the combinatorial and information-theoretical interest the game has to offer. Many results have been discovered starting with Erdős and Rényi determining the optimal number of queries needed for two colours. For $k$ colours and $n$ positions, Chvátal found asymptotically optimal bounds when $k le n^{1-varepsilon }$ . Following a sequence of gradual improvements for $kgeq n$ colours, the central open question is to resolve the gap between $Omega (n)$ and $mathcal{O}(nlog log n)$ for $k=n$ . In this paper, we resolve this gap by presenting the first algorithm for solving $k=n$ Mastermind with a linear number of queries. As a consequence, we are able to determine the query complexity of Mastermind for any parameters $k$ and $n$ .
自20世纪60年代以来,人们一直在研究《智囊》游戏所提供的组合和信息理论兴趣。许多结果都是从Erdős和r nyi开始的,它们决定了两种颜色所需的最佳查询次数。对于$k$的颜色和$n$的位置,Chvátal找到渐近最优界,当$k le n^{1-varepsilon }$。随着对$kgeq n$颜色的一系列逐步改进,中心的开放问题是解决$k=n$的$Omega (n)$和$mathcal{O}(nlog log n)$之间的差距。在本文中,我们通过提出第一个用线性查询数求解$k=n$ Mastermind的算法来解决这一差距。因此,我们能够确定Mastermind对任何参数$k$和$n$的查询复杂度。
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引用次数: 6
On the choosability of -minor-free graphs 无次图的可选择性
4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1017/s0963548323000354
Olivier Fischer, Raphael Steiner
Abstract Given a graph $H$ , let us denote by $f_chi (H)$ and $f_ell (H)$ , respectively, the maximum chromatic number and the maximum list chromatic number of $H$ -minor-free graphs. Hadwiger’s famous colouring conjecture from 1943 states that $f_chi (K_t)=t-1$ for every $t ge 2$ . A closely related problem that has received significant attention in the past concerns $f_ell (K_t)$ , for which it is known that $2t-o(t) le f_ell (K_t) le O(t (!log log t)^6)$ . Thus, $f_ell (K_t)$ is bounded away from the conjectured value $t-1$ for $f_chi (K_t)$ by at least a constant factor. The so-called $H$ -Hadwiger’s conjecture, proposed by Seymour, asks to prove that $f_chi (H)={textrm{v}}(H)-1$ for a given graph $H$ (which would be implied by Hadwiger’s conjecture). In this paper, we prove several new lower bounds on $f_ell (H)$ , thus exploring the limits of a list colouring extension of $H$ -Hadwiger’s conjecture. Our main results are: For every $varepsilon gt 0$ and all sufficiently large graphs $H$ we have $f_ell (H)ge (1-varepsilon )({textrm{v}}(H)+kappa (H))$ , where $kappa (H)$ denotes the vertex-connectivity of $H$ . For every $varepsilon gt 0$ there exists $C=C(varepsilon )gt 0$ such that asymptotically almost every $n$ -vertex graph $H$ with $left lceil C nlog nright rceil$ edges satisfies $f_ell (H)ge (2-varepsilon )n$ . The first result generalizes recent results on complete and complete bipartite graphs and shows that the list chromatic number of $H$ -minor-free graphs is separated from the desired value of $({textrm{v}}(H)-1)$ by a constant factor for all large graphs $H$ of linear connectivity. The second result tells us that for almost all graphs $H$ with superlogarithmic average degree $f_ell (H)$ is separated from $({textrm{v}}(H)-1)$ by a constant factor arbitrarily close to $2$ . Conceptually these results indicate that the graphs $H$ for which $f_ell (H)$ is close to the conjectured value $({textrm{v}}(H)-1)$ for $f_chi (H)$ are typically rather sparse.
给定一个图$H$,我们分别用$f_chi (H)$和$f_ell (H)$表示$H$ -次要无图的最大色数和最大列表色数。哈德维格1943年著名的着色猜想指出$f_chi (K_t)=t-1$每$t ge 2$。一个密切相关的问题,在过去受到了极大的关注$f_ell (K_t)$,它是众所周知的$2t-o(t) le f_ell (K_t) le O(t (!log log t)^6)$。因此,$f_ell (K_t)$与$f_chi (K_t)$的推测值$t-1$之间至少有一个常数因子的界限。Seymour提出了所谓的$H$ -Hadwiger猜想,要求证明$f_chi (H)={textrm{v}}(H)-1$对于一个给定的图$H$(这将由Hadwiger猜想隐含)。在本文中,我们证明了$f_ell (H)$上的几个新的下界,从而探索了$H$ -Hadwiger猜想的一个列表着色扩展的极限。我们的主要结果是:对于每个$varepsilon gt 0$和所有足够大的图$H$,我们有$f_ell (H)ge (1-varepsilon )({textrm{v}}(H)+kappa (H))$,其中$kappa (H)$表示$H$的顶点连通性。对于每一个$varepsilon gt 0$,存在$C=C(varepsilon )gt 0$,使得几乎每一个边为$left lceil C nlog nright rceil$的$n$顶点图$H$都渐近地满足$f_ell (H)ge (2-varepsilon )n$。第一个结果推广了最近关于完全二部图和完全二部图的结果,并表明对于所有具有线性连通性的大图$H$, $H$ -次要图的列表色数与$({textrm{v}}(H)-1)$的期望值被一个常数因子分开。第二个结果告诉我们,对于几乎所有具有超对数平均度的图形$H$, $f_ell (H)$与$({textrm{v}}(H)-1)$之间的间隔是一个任意接近$2$的常数因子。从概念上讲,这些结果表明$f_ell (H)$接近于$f_chi (H)$的推测值$({textrm{v}}(H)-1)$的图$H$通常是相当稀疏的。
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引用次数: 0
Spanning subdivisions in Dirac graphs 在狄拉克图中生成细分
4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0963548323000342
Matías Pavez-Signé
Abstract We show that for every $nin mathbb N$ and $log nle dlt n$ , if a graph $G$ has $N=Theta (dn)$ vertices and minimum degree $(1+o(1))frac{N}{2}$ , then it contains a spanning subdivision of every $n$ -vertex $d$ -regular graph.
摘要我们证明了对于每一个$nin mathbb N$和$log nle dlt n$,如果一个图$G$有$N=Theta (dn)$个顶点和最小度$(1+o(1))frac{N}{2}$,那么它包含了每一个$n$ -顶点$d$ -正则图的一个生成细分。
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引用次数: 1
Many Hamiltonian subsets in large graphs with given density 给定密度的大图中的许多哈密顿子集
4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1017/s0963548323000317
Stijn Cambie, Jun Gao, Hong Liu
Abstract A set of vertices in a graph is a Hamiltonian subset if it induces a subgraph containing a Hamiltonian cycle. Kim, Liu, Sharifzadeh, and Staden proved that for large $d$ , among all graphs with minimum degree $d$ , $K_{d+1}$ minimises the number of Hamiltonian subsets. We prove a near optimal lower bound that takes also the order and the structure of a graph into account. For many natural graph classes, it provides a much better bound than the extremal one ( $approx 2^{d+1}$ ). Among others, our bound implies that an $n$ -vertex $C_4$ -free graph with minimum degree $d$ contains at least $n2^{d^{2-o(1)}}$ Hamiltonian subsets.
一个图中的顶点集合如果能引出一个包含哈密顿循环的子图,则称为哈密顿子集。Kim, Liu, Sharifzadeh, and Staden证明了对于大$d$,在所有具有最小度$d$的图中,$K_{d+1}$使哈密顿子集的个数最小。我们证明了一个考虑图的顺序和结构的近似最优下界。对于许多自然图类,它提供了一个比极值界($approx 2^{d+1}$)更好的界。其中,我们的界表明一个$n$顶点$C_4$最小度$d$的无图包含至少$n2^{d^{2- 0(1)}}$哈密顿子集。
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引用次数: 0
Intersecting families without unique shadow 交叉的家族没有独特的影子
4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1017/s0963548323000305
Peter Frankl, Jian Wang
Abstract Let $mathcal{F}$ be an intersecting family. A $(k-1)$ -set $E$ is called a unique shadow if it is contained in exactly one member of $mathcal{F}$ . Let ${mathcal{A}}={Ain binom{[n]}{k}colon |Acap {1,2,3}|geq 2}$ . In the present paper, we show that for $ngeq 28k$ , $mathcal{A}$ is the unique family attaining the maximum size among all intersecting families without unique shadow. Several other results of a similar flavour are established as well.
让$mathcal{F}$成为一个交叉的家庭。如果一个$(k-1)$ -set $E$恰好包含在$mathcal{F}$的一个成员中,则它被称为唯一影子。让${mathcal{A}}={Ain binom{[n]}{k}colon |Acap {1,2,3}|geq 2}$。在本文中,我们证明了对于$ngeq 28k$, $mathcal{A}$是在没有唯一阴影的所有相交族中达到最大大小的唯一族。其他几个类似味道的结果也得到了证实。
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引用次数: 1
The Excluded Tree Minor Theorem Revisited 重新考察排除树小定理
4区 数学 Q2 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1017/s0963548323000275
Vida Dujmović, Robert Hickingbotham, Gwenaël Joret, Piotr Micek, Pat Morin, David R. Wood
Abstract We prove that for every tree $T$ of radius $h$ , there is an integer $c$ such that every $T$ -minor-free graph is contained in $Hboxtimes K_c$ for some graph $H$ with pathwidth at most $2h-1$ . This is a qualitative strengthening of the Excluded Tree Minor Theorem of Robertson and Seymour (GM I). We show that radius is the right parameter to consider in this setting, and $2h-1$ is the best possible bound.
摘要证明了对于每棵半径为$h$的树$T$,存在一个整数$c$,使得对于路径宽度不超过$2h-1$的图$h$,每一个$T$无次图$都包含在$h box * K_c$中。这是对Robertson和Seymour的排除树小定理(GM I)的定性强化。我们证明了半径是在这种情况下考虑的正确参数,并且$2h-1$是最好的可能界。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Combinatorics, Probability & Computing
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