Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596815
N. Rouze, V.C. Soon, J. Young, S. Siegel, G. Hutchins
The Indiana small animal PET scanner is a new generation PET scanner with design goals of 1 microliter volumetric spatial resolution, a point source sensitivity of greater than 5 percent, and an imaging field-of-view suitable for whole body mouse imaging. The scanner design uses 12 planar detector banks each consisting of a 48 /spl times/ 108 array of 20 mm long LSO crystals with an array pitch of 0.87 mm coupled to two Hamamatsu H8500 large area, 64-anode photomultiplier tubes. The detector modules are mounted on a rotatable gantry and are offset from the center of rotation to give an increased sampling density. Eight detector banks are currently installed in the scanner, and this report presents an initial performance evaluation of the scanner for this configuration. Using a 30 gauge needle (ID=0.15 mm, OD=0.30 mm) positioned near the center of the scanner, the transaxial resolution has been measured to be 1.1 mm FWHM and the axial resolution has been measured to be 1.5 mm FWHM. The sensitivity has been measured to be 4.0% of all decays. The scatter fraction is 0.26 and the peak noise equivalent countrate is 80 kcps at an activity of 0.22 mCi. Sample images demonstrate good imaging capabilities.
印第安纳小动物PET扫描仪是新一代PET扫描仪，设计目标为1微升体积空间分辨率，点源灵敏度大于5%，成像视野适合全身小鼠成像。扫描仪设计使用12个平面探测器组，每个探测器组由48 /spl倍/ 108阵列的20 mm长LSO晶体组成，阵列间距为0.87 mm，耦合到两个Hamamatsu H8500大面积64阳极光电倍增管。探测器模块安装在一个可旋转的龙门架上，并从旋转中心偏移，以增加采样密度。目前在扫描仪中安装了8个检测器组，本报告介绍了该配置下扫描仪的初步性能评估。使用一根30号针(内径=0.15 mm，外径=0.30 mm)定位在扫描仪中心附近，测得跨轴分辨率为1.1 mm FWHM，轴向分辨率为1.5 mm FWHM。测量的灵敏度为所有衰减的4.0%。在0.22 mCi的活度下，散射分数为0.26，峰值噪声当量为80 kcps。示例图像展示了良好的成像能力。
{"title":"Initial evaluation of the Indiana small animal PET scanner","authors":"N. Rouze, V.C. Soon, J. Young, S. Siegel, G. Hutchins","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596815","url":null,"abstract":"The Indiana small animal PET scanner is a new generation PET scanner with design goals of 1 microliter volumetric spatial resolution, a point source sensitivity of greater than 5 percent, and an imaging field-of-view suitable for whole body mouse imaging. The scanner design uses 12 planar detector banks each consisting of a 48 /spl times/ 108 array of 20 mm long LSO crystals with an array pitch of 0.87 mm coupled to two Hamamatsu H8500 large area, 64-anode photomultiplier tubes. The detector modules are mounted on a rotatable gantry and are offset from the center of rotation to give an increased sampling density. Eight detector banks are currently installed in the scanner, and this report presents an initial performance evaluation of the scanner for this configuration. Using a 30 gauge needle (ID=0.15 mm, OD=0.30 mm) positioned near the center of the scanner, the transaxial resolution has been measured to be 1.1 mm FWHM and the axial resolution has been measured to be 1.5 mm FWHM. The sensitivity has been measured to be 4.0% of all decays. The scatter fraction is 0.26 and the peak noise equivalent countrate is 80 kcps at an activity of 0.22 mCi. Sample images demonstrate good imaging capabilities.","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121122585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596929
Soonseok Kim, W. Wong, Hongdi Li, Yuxuan Zhang, S. Xie, R. Ramirez, Yu Wang, J. Uribe, H. Baghaei, Jiguo Liu, Shitao Liu
High resolution GSO block detectors have been developed using the PMT-quadrant-sharing (PQS) design for human whole body and breast/brain PET applications. Segmented GSO (Ce 0.5 mol%) crystals of 3.02 mmtimes3.02 mmtimes20 mm (13times13 array) and 3.58 mmtimes3.58 mmtimes20 mm (11times11) were assembled together to build two prototype detectors for whole body PET imaging with 39 mm round PMTs and crystals of 2.04 mmtimes2.04 mmtimes20 mm (9times9) for breast/brain PET imaging with 19 mm round PMTs. The enhanced specular reflector (3M Co.) mirror-film windows with reflectance 98% and thickness 0.065 mm were used to control light collection and distribution. Crystal pitches are 3.1 (13times13), 3.64 (11times11), and 2.12 mm (9times9) and crystal-packing fractions are 95, 97, and 93%, respectively. List-mode measurements with Cs-137 sources were carried out to investigate crystal decoding and were analyzed to extract individual crystal spectra. All the crystals in the detectors were identified. Energy resolution for individual crystals ranges from 13.7 to 18.5% (13times13), 12.2 to 14.2% (11times11), and 20.9 to 28.9% (9times9), with overall energy resolutions of 15.6, 13.2, and 24.3%, respectively. Light collection efficiencies for the central crystals are 60 (13times13), 66 (11times11), and 72% (9times9), compared to the corner crystals. The maximum decodable crystals/PMT ratios at 511 keV are high 121-169 for the 39 mm PQS GSO detector design and 81 for the 19 mm PQS GSO detector design with crystals 20 mm deep. It is anticipated that these PQS GSO detectors will provide high resolution and sensitivity at low cost
采用pmt象限共享(PQS)设计开发了高分辨率GSO块检测器，用于人体全身和乳腺/脑PET应用。将分割成3.02 mmtimes3.02 mmtimes20 mm (13times13阵列)和3.58 mmtimes3.58 mmtimes20 mm (11times11)的GSO (Ce 0.5 mol%)晶体组装在一起，构建了两个原型探测器，分别用于39 mm圆形PMTs的全身PET成像和2.04 mmtimes2.04 mmtimes20 mm (9times9)的晶体用于19 mm圆形PMTs的乳腺/脑PET成像。采用3M公司的增强型镜面反射窗，反射率为98%，厚度为0.065 mm，用于控制光的收集和分布。晶体间距分别为3.1(13倍13)、3.64(11倍11)和2.12 mm(9倍9)，结晶率分别为95.0%、97%和93%。利用Cs-137源进行列表模式测量以研究晶体解码，并分析提取单个晶体光谱。探测器中的所有晶体都被鉴定出来了。单个晶体的能量分辨率分别为13.7 ~ 18.5%(13倍13)、12.2 ~ 14.2%(11倍11)和20.9 ~ 28.9%(9倍9)，总能量分辨率分别为15.6%、13.2和24.3%。与角落晶体相比，中心晶体的光收集效率分别为60(13倍13)、66(11倍11)和72%(9倍9)。在511 keV时，39 mm PQS GSO探测器设计的最大可解码晶体/PMT比率为121-169，而晶体深度为20 mm的19 mm PQS GSO探测器设计的最大可解码晶体/PMT比率为81。预计这些PQS GSO探测器将以低成本提供高分辨率和高灵敏度
{"title":"High resolution GSO block detectors using PMT-quadrant-sharing design for human whole body and breast/brain PET applications","authors":"Soonseok Kim, W. Wong, Hongdi Li, Yuxuan Zhang, S. Xie, R. Ramirez, Yu Wang, J. Uribe, H. Baghaei, Jiguo Liu, Shitao Liu","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596929","url":null,"abstract":"High resolution GSO block detectors have been developed using the PMT-quadrant-sharing (PQS) design for human whole body and breast/brain PET applications. Segmented GSO (Ce 0.5 mol%) crystals of 3.02 mmtimes3.02 mmtimes20 mm (13times13 array) and 3.58 mmtimes3.58 mmtimes20 mm (11times11) were assembled together to build two prototype detectors for whole body PET imaging with 39 mm round PMTs and crystals of 2.04 mmtimes2.04 mmtimes20 mm (9times9) for breast/brain PET imaging with 19 mm round PMTs. The enhanced specular reflector (3M Co.) mirror-film windows with reflectance 98% and thickness 0.065 mm were used to control light collection and distribution. Crystal pitches are 3.1 (13times13), 3.64 (11times11), and 2.12 mm (9times9) and crystal-packing fractions are 95, 97, and 93%, respectively. List-mode measurements with Cs-137 sources were carried out to investigate crystal decoding and were analyzed to extract individual crystal spectra. All the crystals in the detectors were identified. Energy resolution for individual crystals ranges from 13.7 to 18.5% (13times13), 12.2 to 14.2% (11times11), and 20.9 to 28.9% (9times9), with overall energy resolutions of 15.6, 13.2, and 24.3%, respectively. Light collection efficiencies for the central crystals are 60 (13times13), 66 (11times11), and 72% (9times9), compared to the corner crystals. The maximum decodable crystals/PMT ratios at 511 keV are high 121-169 for the 39 mm PQS GSO detector design and 81 for the 19 mm PQS GSO detector design with crystals 20 mm deep. It is anticipated that these PQS GSO detectors will provide high resolution and sensitivity at low cost","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125698108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596814
R. Schulz, G. Echner, H. Ruhle, W. Stroh, J. Vierling, T. Vogt, J. Peter, W. Semmler
We present herein the development of a fully 360/spl deg/ rotatable fluorescence tomography system for small animals without the use of source and detector fibers, or optically matching fluids. The setup consists of a cooled CCD camera coupled to a wide-angle objective and an axially moveable, collimated laser source integrated within a rotating light-tight chamber. The system's capability to acquire and reconstruct high density datasets is demonstrated with experimental results from phantoms.
{"title":"Development of a fully rotational non-contact fluorescence tomographer for small animals","authors":"R. Schulz, G. Echner, H. Ruhle, W. Stroh, J. Vierling, T. Vogt, J. Peter, W. Semmler","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596814","url":null,"abstract":"We present herein the development of a fully 360/spl deg/ rotatable fluorescence tomography system for small animals without the use of source and detector fibers, or optically matching fluids. The setup consists of a cooled CCD camera coupled to a wide-angle objective and an axially moveable, collimated laser source integrated within a rotating light-tight chamber. The system's capability to acquire and reconstruct high density datasets is demonstrated with experimental results from phantoms.","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133526881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596394
Ned Xoubi, Zhong‐Kuo Zhao, G. Maldonado
At the University of Cincinnati Nuclear Engineering Program, the resurrection of a once moth-balled subcritical reactor facility now provides an ideal laboratory experience to its students. Its simplicity and accessibility are among its key features. This article focuses upon supplementing the experimental aspects of this facility via the development of a three-dimensional, full detail, MCNP model of this reactor, while emphasizing the validation of this computational tool against laboratory measurements. The subcritical reactor parameters herein compared include: neutron and photon flux distributions, fission rate, and the subcritical multiplication factor (k-effective), among other relevant parameters of interest
{"title":"MCNP prediction of measured subcritical reactor parameters","authors":"Ned Xoubi, Zhong‐Kuo Zhao, G. Maldonado","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596394","url":null,"abstract":"At the University of Cincinnati Nuclear Engineering Program, the resurrection of a once moth-balled subcritical reactor facility now provides an ideal laboratory experience to its students. Its simplicity and accessibility are among its key features. This article focuses upon supplementing the experimental aspects of this facility via the development of a three-dimensional, full detail, MCNP model of this reactor, while emphasizing the validation of this computational tool against laboratory measurements. The subcritical reactor parameters herein compared include: neutron and photon flux distributions, fission rate, and the subcritical multiplication factor (k-effective), among other relevant parameters of interest","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131865955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596622
T. Ling, Kisung Lee, R. Miyaoka
In this work, we investigate the performance characteristics of our continuous miniature crystal element detector (cMiCE). Versions with a 25 mm by 25 mm by 4 mm thick LSO crystal and with a 50 mm by 50 mm by 8 mm thick LSYO crystal were evaluated. Both detectors utilized a 64-channel flat panel photomultiplier tube (PMT). The intrinsic spatial resolution for the detectors was evaluated using standard Anger positioning and a statistics based positioning (SBP) algorithm. We also examined the effect different reflective materials applied on the entrance surface had on the intrinsic resolution for the 8 mm LYSO crystal. The average energy resolution was 20% for the 4 mm thick LSO crystal and 16% - 21% for the 8 mm thick LYSO crystal. The average intrinsic spatial resolution for the 4 mm thick crystal was 1.8 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) for Anger positioning to within 3 mm of the crystal's edge and 1.14 mm FWHM for SBP to within 2 mm of the edge. The average intrinsic spatial resolution for the 8 mm thick crystal was 2.2 mm FWHM for Anger positioning to within 8 mm of the crystal's edge and 1.3-1.5 mm FWHM (depending on the reflective material used) for SBP to within 2 mm of the edge. Intrinsic spatial resolution is reported without correcting for point source size. The point spot flux had a FWHM of -0.52 mm. Using the SBP algorithm showed significant improvement in spatial resolution, linearity of positioning result, and effective field of view for our cMiCE detector
在这项工作中，我们研究了我们的连续微型晶体元件检测器(cMiCE)的性能特征。采用25毫米× 25毫米× 4毫米厚的LSO晶体和50毫米× 50毫米× 8毫米厚的LSYO晶体进行了评估。两个探测器都使用了64通道平板光电倍增管(PMT)。利用标准Anger定位和基于统计的定位(SBP)算法对探测器的固有空间分辨率进行了评估。我们还研究了施加在入口表面的不同反射材料对8mm LYSO晶体固有分辨率的影响。4mm厚LYSO晶体的平均能量分辨率为20%，8mm厚LYSO晶体的平均能量分辨率为16% - 21%。当Anger定位到晶体边缘3 mm以内时，4 mm厚晶体的平均固有空间分辨率为1.8 mm，当SBP定位到晶体边缘2 mm以内时，平均固有空间分辨率为1.14 mm。8mm厚晶体的平均固有空间分辨率在Anger定位到晶体边缘8 mm以内时为2.2 mm FWHM，在SBP定位到边缘2 mm以内时为1.3-1.5 mm FWHM(取决于所使用的反射材料)。报告的内在空间分辨率没有对点源大小进行校正。点光斑通量的FWHM为-0.52 mm。采用SBP算法后，cMiCE探测器的空间分辨率、定位结果的线性度和有效视场均有显著提高
{"title":"Performance characteristics of continuous miniature crystal element (cMiCE) detectors","authors":"T. Ling, Kisung Lee, R. Miyaoka","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596622","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigate the performance characteristics of our continuous miniature crystal element detector (cMiCE). Versions with a 25 mm by 25 mm by 4 mm thick LSO crystal and with a 50 mm by 50 mm by 8 mm thick LSYO crystal were evaluated. Both detectors utilized a 64-channel flat panel photomultiplier tube (PMT). The intrinsic spatial resolution for the detectors was evaluated using standard Anger positioning and a statistics based positioning (SBP) algorithm. We also examined the effect different reflective materials applied on the entrance surface had on the intrinsic resolution for the 8 mm LYSO crystal. The average energy resolution was 20% for the 4 mm thick LSO crystal and 16% - 21% for the 8 mm thick LYSO crystal. The average intrinsic spatial resolution for the 4 mm thick crystal was 1.8 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) for Anger positioning to within 3 mm of the crystal's edge and 1.14 mm FWHM for SBP to within 2 mm of the edge. The average intrinsic spatial resolution for the 8 mm thick crystal was 2.2 mm FWHM for Anger positioning to within 8 mm of the crystal's edge and 1.3-1.5 mm FWHM (depending on the reflective material used) for SBP to within 2 mm of the edge. Intrinsic spatial resolution is reported without correcting for point source size. The point spot flux had a FWHM of -0.52 mm. Using the SBP algorithm showed significant improvement in spatial resolution, linearity of positioning result, and effective field of view for our cMiCE detector","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"16 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123663784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596717
E. Izaguirre, Mingshan Sun, D. Drummond, D. Kirpotin, T. Funk, S. Thompson, J. Carver, M. Hayes, M. Wendland, M. Knudsen, B. Hasegawa
Liposomal drugs offer the promise of an improved therapeutic index due to improvements in the specific delivery of anti-cancer agents to tumors. The presented work concentrates on imaging the tumor uptake of /sup 111/In-labeled liposomes noninvasively as a specific tumor drug delivery carrier in a murine cancer model. The tumor uptake of liposomes has been imaged using a microSPECT/microCT small animal dedicated scanner prototype constructed at our laboratory. The imaging system consists of a high resolution SPECT (700 /spl mu/m) and high resolution CT (70 /spl mu/m). The SPECT subsystem consists in specially designed CZT gamma cameras shielded for energies up to 250 keV. The mice were injected with liposomes and scanned at the time of maximum tumor uptake (24 h). The total activity of the mouse samples was of the order of 250 uCi, and with tumor sizes of 1000-1500 mm/sup 3/. The imaging geometries in the CT and SPECT acquisitions were selected to obtain high magnification and high efficiency to image the tumor located within the torso. The SPECT and CT projections were taken sequentially. The acquired images show that necrotic tumors can de imaged with high resolution to observe liposome inhomogeneous uptake.
{"title":"SPECT-CT study of directed drug delivery using /sup 111/In-labeled liposomes in a murine mammary carcinoma model","authors":"E. Izaguirre, Mingshan Sun, D. Drummond, D. Kirpotin, T. Funk, S. Thompson, J. Carver, M. Hayes, M. Wendland, M. Knudsen, B. Hasegawa","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596717","url":null,"abstract":"Liposomal drugs offer the promise of an improved therapeutic index due to improvements in the specific delivery of anti-cancer agents to tumors. The presented work concentrates on imaging the tumor uptake of /sup 111/In-labeled liposomes noninvasively as a specific tumor drug delivery carrier in a murine cancer model. The tumor uptake of liposomes has been imaged using a microSPECT/microCT small animal dedicated scanner prototype constructed at our laboratory. The imaging system consists of a high resolution SPECT (700 /spl mu/m) and high resolution CT (70 /spl mu/m). The SPECT subsystem consists in specially designed CZT gamma cameras shielded for energies up to 250 keV. The mice were injected with liposomes and scanned at the time of maximum tumor uptake (24 h). The total activity of the mouse samples was of the order of 250 uCi, and with tumor sizes of 1000-1500 mm/sup 3/. The imaging geometries in the CT and SPECT acquisitions were selected to obtain high magnification and high efficiency to image the tumor located within the torso. The SPECT and CT projections were taken sequentially. The acquired images show that necrotic tumors can de imaged with high resolution to observe liposome inhomogeneous uptake.","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114508840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596718
J. Peter, H. Ruehle, V. Stamm, R. Schulz, M. Smith, B. Welch, V. Popov, B. Kross, R. Wojcik, A. Weisenberger, S. Majewski, W. Semmler
We have developed a dual-modality single photon (SPECT)/optical (OT) small animal tomographic device to image simultaneously and from identical projection angles in vivo distributions of bioluminescent/(near-infrared) fluorescent and radiolabeled markers. For the SPECT sub-system a compact gamma detector has been developed. A custom-made pinhole (PH) collimator suitable for attachment of reflective surfaces for concurrent optical imaging has been built. The collimator's reflective surfaces filter out optical photons from the multi-energetic photon flux. These photons are directed into a system of mirrors to compose an optical projection that is aligned with the angular field of view of the PH SPECT camera. For the optical detector sub-system a high resolution cooled CCD camera is used. In addition to initial small animal imaging studies several experimental phantom studies were performed with capillary tubes filled with various isotopes and optical markers to evaluate energy/wavelength/tissue dependent spatial resolution capabilities of the sub-systems.
{"title":"Development and initial results of a dual-modality SPECT/optical small animal imager","authors":"J. Peter, H. Ruehle, V. Stamm, R. Schulz, M. Smith, B. Welch, V. Popov, B. Kross, R. Wojcik, A. Weisenberger, S. Majewski, W. Semmler","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596718","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a dual-modality single photon (SPECT)/optical (OT) small animal tomographic device to image simultaneously and from identical projection angles in vivo distributions of bioluminescent/(near-infrared) fluorescent and radiolabeled markers. For the SPECT sub-system a compact gamma detector has been developed. A custom-made pinhole (PH) collimator suitable for attachment of reflective surfaces for concurrent optical imaging has been built. The collimator's reflective surfaces filter out optical photons from the multi-energetic photon flux. These photons are directed into a system of mirrors to compose an optical projection that is aligned with the angular field of view of the PH SPECT camera. For the optical detector sub-system a high resolution cooled CCD camera is used. In addition to initial small animal imaging studies several experimental phantom studies were performed with capillary tubes filled with various isotopes and optical markers to evaluate energy/wavelength/tissue dependent spatial resolution capabilities of the sub-systems.","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"349 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122755366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596971
P. Vaska, C. Woody, D. Schlyer, V. Radeka, P. O'connor, J. Pratte, S. Shokouhi, S. Stoll, S. Junnarkar, M. Purschke, S. Park, S. Southekal, V. Dzhordzhadze, W. Schiffer, J. Neill, M. Murphy, T. Aubele, R. Kristiansen, A. Villanueva, S. Boose, A. Kandasamy, B. Yu, A. Kriplani, S. Krishnamoorthy, R. Lecomte, R. Fontaine
The first fully functional prototype of the RatCAP (Rat conscious animal PET) scanner has been constructed and preliminary evaluations have been performed. RatCAP is a miniature, high performance PET scanner designed specifically to image the brain of a rat while directly attached to its head. The goal is to eliminate the need for anesthesia which can confound quantitative brain studies and prevent simultaneous correlations of neurochemistry and behavior. RatCAP is a fully 3D tomograph with a transaxial (axial) field-of-view of 38(18) mm, outside diameter 72 mm, and weight <200 g which is supported by a small tether. A total of 384 LSO crystals are divided among 12 independent detector blocks, each of which contains an avalanche photodiode (APD) photosensor array and a custom-designed ASIC for highly integrated front-end processing. A custom FPGA-based time-stamp module has been designed and implemented, achieving a preliminary system resolution of 13.9 ns FWHM. With a point source in the FOV center, spatial resolution is 2.1 mm FWHM, energy resolution averages 23% FWHM, and sensitivity is 0.7% at an average threshold of 150 keV. Novel offline data processing algorithms have been developed including methods for time and energy calibrations, corrections for physical effects, and a highly accurate iterative image reconstruction. Initial phantom and rat brain images have been obtained
RatCAP(大鼠意识动物PET)扫描仪的第一个全功能原型已经构建并进行了初步评估。RatCAP是一种微型高性能PET扫描仪，专为直接安装在大鼠头部的大脑成像而设计。目标是消除麻醉的需要，因为麻醉会混淆定量脑研究，并防止神经化学和行为的同时相关性。RatCAP是一种全3D层析成形仪，轴向视野38(18)mm，外径72 mm，重量<200 g，由一根小系绳支撑。总共384个LSO晶体被划分在12个独立的检测器模块中，每个模块包含一个雪崩光电二极管(APD)光敏传感器阵列和一个定制的ASIC，用于高度集成的前端处理。设计并实现了一个基于fpga的定制时间戳模块，初步实现了13.9 ns FWHM的系统分辨率。视场中心有一个点源时，空间分辨率为2.1 mm FWHM，能量分辨率平均为23% FWHM，灵敏度为0.7%，平均阈值为150 keV。新的离线数据处理算法已经开发出来，包括时间和能量校准的方法，物理效应的校正，以及高度精确的迭代图像重建。获得了最初的幻影和大鼠脑图像
{"title":"Initial performance of the RatCAP, a PET camera for conscious rat brain imaging","authors":"P. Vaska, C. Woody, D. Schlyer, V. Radeka, P. O'connor, J. Pratte, S. Shokouhi, S. Stoll, S. Junnarkar, M. Purschke, S. Park, S. Southekal, V. Dzhordzhadze, W. Schiffer, J. Neill, M. Murphy, T. Aubele, R. Kristiansen, A. Villanueva, S. Boose, A. Kandasamy, B. Yu, A. Kriplani, S. Krishnamoorthy, R. Lecomte, R. Fontaine","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596971","url":null,"abstract":"The first fully functional prototype of the RatCAP (Rat conscious animal PET) scanner has been constructed and preliminary evaluations have been performed. RatCAP is a miniature, high performance PET scanner designed specifically to image the brain of a rat while directly attached to its head. The goal is to eliminate the need for anesthesia which can confound quantitative brain studies and prevent simultaneous correlations of neurochemistry and behavior. RatCAP is a fully 3D tomograph with a transaxial (axial) field-of-view of 38(18) mm, outside diameter 72 mm, and weight <200 g which is supported by a small tether. A total of 384 LSO crystals are divided among 12 independent detector blocks, each of which contains an avalanche photodiode (APD) photosensor array and a custom-designed ASIC for highly integrated front-end processing. A custom FPGA-based time-stamp module has been designed and implemented, achieving a preliminary system resolution of 13.9 ns FWHM. With a point source in the FOV center, spatial resolution is 2.1 mm FWHM, energy resolution averages 23% FWHM, and sensitivity is 0.7% at an average threshold of 150 keV. Novel offline data processing algorithms have been developed including methods for time and energy calibrations, corrections for physical effects, and a highly accurate iterative image reconstruction. Initial phantom and rat brain images have been obtained","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117223209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596380
M. Tabata, I. Adachi, T. Fukushima, H. Kawai, H. Kishimoto, A. Kuratani, H. Nakayama, S. Nishida, T. Noguchi, K. Okudaira, Y. Tajima, H. Yano, H. Yokogawa, H. Yoshida
New production methods of silica aerogel with high and low refractive indices have been developed. A very slow shrinkage of alcogel at room temperature has made possible producing aerogel with high refractive indices of up to 1.265 without cracks. Even higher refractive indices than 1.08, the transmission length of the aerogel obtained from this technique has been measured to be about 10 to 20 mm at 400 nm wave length. A mold made of alcogel which endures shrinkage in the supercritical drying process has provided aerogel with the extremely low density of 0.009 g/cm3, which corresponds to the refractive index of 1.002. We have succeeded producing aerogel with a wide range of densities
{"title":"Development of silica aerogel with any density","authors":"M. Tabata, I. Adachi, T. Fukushima, H. Kawai, H. Kishimoto, A. Kuratani, H. Nakayama, S. Nishida, T. Noguchi, K. Okudaira, Y. Tajima, H. Yano, H. Yokogawa, H. Yoshida","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596380","url":null,"abstract":"New production methods of silica aerogel with high and low refractive indices have been developed. A very slow shrinkage of alcogel at room temperature has made possible producing aerogel with high refractive indices of up to 1.265 without cracks. Even higher refractive indices than 1.08, the transmission length of the aerogel obtained from this technique has been measured to be about 10 to 20 mm at 400 nm wave length. A mold made of alcogel which endures shrinkage in the supercritical drying process has provided aerogel with the extremely low density of 0.009 g/cm3, which corresponds to the refractive index of 1.002. We have succeeded producing aerogel with a wide range of densities","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132818661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596792
J. Cheng, A. Rahmim, S. Blinder, M. Camborde, V. Sossi
We describe an implementation of ordinary Poisson list-mode expectation maximization (OP-LMEM) algorithm for the high resolution research tomography (HRRT) with a scatter correction method based on the single scatter simulation (SSS) technique, and a random correction method based on the variance-reduced delayed-coincidence technique. A hybrid EM algorithm has also been implemented in list-mode reconstruction (H-LMEM) using delayed-coincidence event subtraction technique with the same scatter correction as in OP-LMEM. The reconstructed images of a dynamic scanning sequence of a contrast phantom have been compared with those reconstructed using the histogram-mode reconstruction, in particular, 3D ordinary Poisson ordered subset expectation maximization (3D-OP) with the same variance-reduced random and estimated scatter. The transaxial and axial profile analyses have shown excellent agreement between histogram and both list-mode reconstructions. Likewise the preliminary contrast and noise analyses have shown a close agreement between histogram-mode and both list-mode reconstructions. Based on these results, a dual reconstruction scheme can now be applied to dynamic imaging in positron emission tomography (PET) with scatter correction; i.e. histogram-mode reconstruction (3D-OP) can be applied to frames with a large number of counts, and list-mode reconstruction (OP-LMEM) will subsequently be used for low statistics frames, as an effort to obtain efficient and quantitatively accurate reconstructions applicable to state-of-the-art dynamic PET imaging using the HRRT.
{"title":"Implementation of scatter corrected list-mode OP-EM reconstruction algorithm and a dual (histogram/list-mode) reconstruction scheme for dynamic PET imaging","authors":"J. Cheng, A. Rahmim, S. Blinder, M. Camborde, V. Sossi","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596792","url":null,"abstract":"We describe an implementation of ordinary Poisson list-mode expectation maximization (OP-LMEM) algorithm for the high resolution research tomography (HRRT) with a scatter correction method based on the single scatter simulation (SSS) technique, and a random correction method based on the variance-reduced delayed-coincidence technique. A hybrid EM algorithm has also been implemented in list-mode reconstruction (H-LMEM) using delayed-coincidence event subtraction technique with the same scatter correction as in OP-LMEM. The reconstructed images of a dynamic scanning sequence of a contrast phantom have been compared with those reconstructed using the histogram-mode reconstruction, in particular, 3D ordinary Poisson ordered subset expectation maximization (3D-OP) with the same variance-reduced random and estimated scatter. The transaxial and axial profile analyses have shown excellent agreement between histogram and both list-mode reconstructions. Likewise the preliminary contrast and noise analyses have shown a close agreement between histogram-mode and both list-mode reconstructions. Based on these results, a dual reconstruction scheme can now be applied to dynamic imaging in positron emission tomography (PET) with scatter correction; i.e. histogram-mode reconstruction (3D-OP) can be applied to frames with a large number of counts, and list-mode reconstruction (OP-LMEM) will subsequently be used for low statistics frames, as an effort to obtain efficient and quantitatively accurate reconstructions applicable to state-of-the-art dynamic PET imaging using the HRRT.","PeriodicalId":105619,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123069678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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