Political approaches and social structures of states with close borders are affected by each other. It is seen that these states follow similar foreign policies in terms of border security. States have always benefited from the work of intelligence units to ensure their security inside and outside the country. The development of intelligence units is as important as the developments in the military and economic fields. In the international arena, there are areas of activity in which the intelligence agencies of the countries act jointly. Intelligence activities are affected by the socio-cultural structures of countries. There may be areas where intelligence creates a pressure factor on the society during information gathering activities. The assimilation of the rule of law principle by all state organs can eliminate the use of the state's authority, which we can refer to as the establishment of the deep state, in a way that creates separatism over various social groups. The aim of this study; To explain the concept of intelligence, to explain the different organizational structures of the Turkish intelligence units from the last periods of the Ottoman Empire to the present, and to make the activities of the deep state structures that emerged as a result of illegal practices of intelligence activities visible and debatable. The scope of the study is to define the concept of intelligence, to explain the intelligence activities, to identify the common and different features of the western intelligence units with the Turkish intelligence units. The main question of the study is; It is to determine whether the activities of intelligence applications that are not within the framework of the law can be prevented.
{"title":"The Development of Turkish Intelligence Units After 1880 and Deep State Structures","authors":"Aysuhan Gürel","doi":"10.54737/aujfe.1153403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54737/aujfe.1153403","url":null,"abstract":"Political approaches and social structures of states with close borders are affected by each other. It is seen that these states follow similar foreign policies in terms of border security. States have always benefited from the work of intelligence units to ensure their security inside and outside the country. The development of intelligence units is as important as the developments in the military and economic fields. In the international arena, there are areas of activity in which the intelligence agencies of the countries act jointly. Intelligence activities are affected by the socio-cultural structures of countries. There may be areas where intelligence creates a pressure factor on the society during information gathering activities. The assimilation of the rule of law principle by all state organs can eliminate the use of the state's authority, which we can refer to as the establishment of the deep state, in a way that creates separatism over various social groups. The aim of this study; To explain the concept of intelligence, to explain the different organizational structures of the Turkish intelligence units from the last periods of the Ottoman Empire to the present, and to make the activities of the deep state structures that emerged as a result of illegal practices of intelligence activities visible and debatable. The scope of the study is to define the concept of intelligence, to explain the intelligence activities, to identify the common and different features of the western intelligence units with the Turkish intelligence units. The main question of the study is; It is to determine whether the activities of intelligence applications that are not within the framework of the law can be prevented.","PeriodicalId":105662,"journal":{"name":"Anadolu University Journal of Faculty of Economics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131598338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we determine the composite meaning of the unemployment rates. In economic contexts, the unemployment rates are generally defined as the total unemployment rate (T), the male unemployment rate (M), and the female unemployment rate (W). The methodology of the coalition of average constants yields a result that can be defined as the index of the coalition of average constants: impartiality, positivity, and negativity, by transforming these three ratios into two constants and just one average, around the ideal unemployment rate data proven within the scope of this research. The index value is the meaning of unemployment for a country that is subject to selection. The method's finding is as follows: for country Xi 〈i,…,n〉: if ideal unemployment rate is approached over rates in the year, then the index will have impartial rates, affirmative rates, or negative rates. To test this research, we have chosen eleven countries that have wide variation of unemployment rates by considering the collocation of unemployment rates by region in the world. In finalization point, we first constitute the economic problems triangle of these points: M (macroeconomic issues), Y (structural issues), and S (period of normality). We reach just one data of the triangle for the country with the index of the coalition of average constants (CACI) and human capital index (HCI) to determine related issues.
{"title":"The Coalition of Average Constants In The Analysis of Unemployment Rates","authors":"Görkem Can Süleymanoğlu","doi":"10.54737/aujfe.1129748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54737/aujfe.1129748","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we determine the composite meaning of the unemployment rates. In economic contexts, the unemployment rates are generally defined as the total unemployment rate (T), the male unemployment rate (M), and the female unemployment rate (W). The methodology of the coalition of average constants yields a result that can be defined as the index of the coalition of average constants: impartiality, positivity, and negativity, by transforming these three ratios into two constants and just one average, around the ideal unemployment rate data proven within the scope of this research. The index value is the meaning of unemployment for a country that is subject to selection. The method's finding is as follows: for country Xi 〈i,…,n〉: if ideal unemployment rate is approached over rates in the year, then the index will have impartial rates, affirmative rates, or negative rates. To test this research, we have chosen eleven countries that have wide variation of unemployment rates by considering the collocation of unemployment rates by region in the world. In finalization point, we first constitute the economic problems triangle of these points: M (macroeconomic issues), Y (structural issues), and S (period of normality). We reach just one data of the triangle for the country with the index of the coalition of average constants (CACI) and human capital index (HCI) to determine related issues.","PeriodicalId":105662,"journal":{"name":"Anadolu University Journal of Faculty of Economics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125608762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of the Relationship Between Countries' Governence Levels and Economic Growths","authors":"M. Aytekin","doi":"10.54737/aujfe.1053362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54737/aujfe.1053362","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105662,"journal":{"name":"Anadolu University Journal of Faculty of Economics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127489872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of R&D Expenditures and Patent Applications on Exports of High Technology Products and Information Communication Technologies","authors":"T. Akar, Ece Topoğlu","doi":"10.54737/aujfe.1012957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54737/aujfe.1012957","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105662,"journal":{"name":"Anadolu University Journal of Faculty of Economics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127072019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, energy sector’s monopoly behavior is analyzed in the case of Azerbaijan by referring to the literature of Dutch disease and rent-seeking. As a theoretical background, a new general equilibrium model is also developed in order to explain unusual surge of gasoline prices in Azerbaijan during the decreasing global oil prices. The paper shows the relationship between crude oil price and local gasoline prices (rent-seeking in this paper). There is a cointegrating relation between two variables under Johansen Cointegration Test and it supports the idea in the theoretical general equilibrium model. Monopolies use higher local gasoline prices as rent-seeking during decreasing crude oil prices for covering their losses due to diminishing revenues from oil exports.
{"title":"Energy Sector’s Monopoly Rent-seeking and Supplementary Time-series Analysis in the Case of Azerbaijan","authors":"Anar Muradov","doi":"10.54737/aujfe.1065684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54737/aujfe.1065684","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, energy sector’s monopoly behavior is analyzed in the case of Azerbaijan by referring to the literature of Dutch disease and rent-seeking. As a theoretical background, a new general equilibrium model is also developed in order to explain unusual surge of gasoline prices in Azerbaijan during the decreasing global oil prices. The paper shows the relationship between crude oil price and local gasoline prices (rent-seeking in this paper). There is a cointegrating relation between two variables under Johansen Cointegration Test and it supports the idea in the theoretical general equilibrium model. Monopolies use higher local gasoline prices as rent-seeking during decreasing crude oil prices for covering their losses due to diminishing revenues from oil exports.","PeriodicalId":105662,"journal":{"name":"Anadolu University Journal of Faculty of Economics","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121198952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moscow’s Fight against the Covid-19 Pandemic in a Changing World: A Story of the Quest for Vaccine, Prestige, and Respect","authors":"İbrahim Köremezli","doi":"10.54737/aujfe.916171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54737/aujfe.916171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105662,"journal":{"name":"Anadolu University Journal of Faculty of Economics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130238759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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