Siri Christine Rødseth, Hedda Høvik, Espen Bjertness, Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
Objectives
To investigate socioeconomic inequality in caries experience in an adult Norwegian population.
Methods
This population-based study included 4549 dentate participants aged 25–94 years from the cross-sectional HUNT4 Oral Health Study conducted in Central Norway in 2017–2019. Participants were randomly sampled from the larger HUNT4 Survey and answered questionnaires and underwent clinical and radiographic examinations. Caries experience was measured as numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT index) and socioeconomic position was denoted by education and household income. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate associations between caries experience and socioeconomic position.
Results
Lower levels of both education and income were associated with higher caries experience, particularly pronounced for missing teeth. Socioeconomic gradients were observed for all outcomes DMFT, DT, MT and FT (p-value linear trends <.001). Gradients were similar for both income and education and were apparent for all age groups but were most evident in middle-aged and older individuals. High level of education was associated with a 50% lower mean number of missing teeth compared with basic level education, whereas high income was associated with a 24% lower mean number of decayed teeth and a 15% higher mean number of filled teeth than low income.
Conclusions
There was a socioeconomic gradient for caries experience in the study population that was present from early adulthood and increased with age. The gradient was particularly pronounced for missing teeth. Findings indicate that inequality was more associated with treatment given than with untreated disease.
{"title":"Exploring socioeconomic inequality in caries experience in an adult Norwegian population; the HUNT4 Oral Health Study","authors":"Siri Christine Rødseth, Hedda Høvik, Espen Bjertness, Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad","doi":"10.1111/cdoe.12960","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cdoe.12960","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate socioeconomic inequality in caries experience in an adult Norwegian population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This population-based study included 4549 dentate participants aged 25–94 years from the cross-sectional HUNT4 Oral Health Study conducted in Central Norway in 2017–2019. Participants were randomly sampled from the larger HUNT4 Survey and answered questionnaires and underwent clinical and radiographic examinations. Caries experience was measured as numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT index) and socioeconomic position was denoted by education and household income. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate associations between caries experience and socioeconomic position.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower levels of both education and income were associated with higher caries experience, particularly pronounced for missing teeth. Socioeconomic gradients were observed for all outcomes DMFT, DT, MT and FT (<i>p</i>-value linear trends <.001). Gradients were similar for both income and education and were apparent for all age groups but were most evident in middle-aged and older individuals. High level of education was associated with a 50% lower mean number of missing teeth compared with basic level education, whereas high income was associated with a 24% lower mean number of decayed teeth and a 15% higher mean number of filled teeth than low income.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a socioeconomic gradient for caries experience in the study population that was present from early adulthood and increased with age. The gradient was particularly pronounced for missing teeth. Findings indicate that inequality was more associated with treatment given than with untreated disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10580,"journal":{"name":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology","volume":"52 5","pages":"690-698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdoe.12960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juliet R. Guichon, Colin Cooper, Andrew Rugg-Gunn, James A. Dickinson
Objective
To assess the evidence presented in a set of articles that use the Canadian Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study database to claim that community water fluoridation (CWF) is associated with harm to foetal and infant cognitive development.
Methods
Critical appraisal of measurements and processes in the MIREC database, and articles derived therefrom. MIREC's cohort is approximately 2000 pregnant women recruited in 10 centres across Canada, 2008–2011, leading to measuring 512 children aged 3–6 years in six cities. Fluoride exposure was measured by city fluoridation status, self-reports and maternal spot urine samples. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was measured using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III) by different assessors in each city.
Results
MIREC's fluoride and IQ measurements are invalid and therefore cannot support the claim that CWF is associated with IQ decline in children.
Conclusions
The MIREC fluoride-IQ articles' results should be considered unacceptable for legal and policy purposes; other water fluoridation studies and systematic reviews show no effect of fluoridation on cognition.
{"title":"Flawed MIREC fluoride and intelligence quotient publications: A failed attempt to undermine community water fluoridation","authors":"Juliet R. Guichon, Colin Cooper, Andrew Rugg-Gunn, James A. Dickinson","doi":"10.1111/cdoe.12954","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cdoe.12954","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the evidence presented in a set of articles that use the Canadian Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study database to claim that community water fluoridation (CWF) is associated with harm to foetal and infant cognitive development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Critical appraisal of measurements and processes in the MIREC database, and articles derived therefrom. MIREC's cohort is approximately 2000 pregnant women recruited in 10 centres across Canada, 2008–2011, leading to measuring 512 children aged 3–6 years in six cities. Fluoride exposure was measured by city fluoridation status, self-reports and maternal spot urine samples. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was measured using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III) by different assessors in each city.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MIREC's fluoride and IQ measurements are invalid and therefore cannot support the claim that CWF is associated with IQ decline in children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The MIREC fluoride-IQ articles' results should be considered unacceptable for legal and policy purposes; other water fluoridation studies and systematic reviews show no effect of fluoridation on cognition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10580,"journal":{"name":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology","volume":"52 4","pages":"365-374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdoe.12954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140206460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Whittaker, Michaela Goodwin, Saima Bashir, Matt Sutton, Richard Emsley, Michael P. Kelly, Martin Tickle, Tanya Walsh, Iain A. Pretty
Objectives
The addition of fluoride to community drinking water supplies has been a long-standing public health intervention to improve dental health. However, the evidence of cost-effectiveness in the UK currently lacks a contemporary focus, being limited to a period with higher incidence of caries. A water fluoridation scheme in West Cumbria, United Kingdom, provided a unique opportunity to study the contemporary impact of water fluoridation. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of water fluoridation over a 5–6 years follow-up period in two distinct cohorts: children exposed to water fluoridation in utero and those exposed from the age of 5.
Methods
Cost-effectiveness was summarized employing incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER, cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained). Costs included those from the National Health Service (NHS) and local authority perspective, encompassing capital and running costs of water fluoridation, as well as NHS dental activity. The measure of health benefit was the QALY, with utility determined using the Child Health Utility 9-Dimension questionnaire. To account for uncertainty, estimates of net cost and outcomes were bootstrapped (10 000 bootstraps) to generate cost-effectiveness acceptability curves and sensitivity analysis performed with alternative specifications.
Results
There were 306 participants in the birth cohort (189 and 117 in the non-fluoridated and fluoridated groups, respectively) and 271 in the older school cohort (159 and 112, respectively). In both cohorts, there was evidence of small gains in QALYs for the fluoridated group compared to the non-fluoridated group and reductions in NHS dental service cost that exceeded the cost of fluoridation. For both cohorts and across all sensitivity analyses, there were high probabilities (>62%) of water fluoridation being cost-effective with a willingness to pay threshold of £20 000 per QALY.
Conclusions
This analysis provides current economic evidence that water fluoridation is likely to be cost-effective. The findings contribute valuable contemporary evidence in support of the economic viability of water fluoridation scheme.
{"title":"Economic evaluation of a water fluoridation scheme in Cumbria, UK","authors":"William Whittaker, Michaela Goodwin, Saima Bashir, Matt Sutton, Richard Emsley, Michael P. Kelly, Martin Tickle, Tanya Walsh, Iain A. Pretty","doi":"10.1111/cdoe.12958","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cdoe.12958","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The addition of fluoride to community drinking water supplies has been a long-standing public health intervention to improve dental health. However, the evidence of cost-effectiveness in the UK currently lacks a contemporary focus, being limited to a period with higher incidence of caries. A water fluoridation scheme in West Cumbria, United Kingdom, provided a unique opportunity to study the contemporary impact of water fluoridation. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of water fluoridation over a 5–6 years follow-up period in two distinct cohorts: children exposed to water fluoridation in utero and those exposed from the age of 5.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cost-effectiveness was summarized employing incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER, cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained). Costs included those from the National Health Service (NHS) and local authority perspective, encompassing capital and running costs of water fluoridation, as well as NHS dental activity. The measure of health benefit was the QALY, with utility determined using the Child Health Utility 9-Dimension questionnaire. To account for uncertainty, estimates of net cost and outcomes were bootstrapped (10 000 bootstraps) to generate cost-effectiveness acceptability curves and sensitivity analysis performed with alternative specifications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 306 participants in the birth cohort (189 and 117 in the non-fluoridated and fluoridated groups, respectively) and 271 in the older school cohort (159 and 112, respectively). In both cohorts, there was evidence of small gains in QALYs for the fluoridated group compared to the non-fluoridated group and reductions in NHS dental service cost that exceeded the cost of fluoridation. For both cohorts and across all sensitivity analyses, there were high probabilities (>62%) of water fluoridation being cost-effective with a willingness to pay threshold of £20 000 per QALY.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This analysis provides current economic evidence that water fluoridation is likely to be cost-effective. The findings contribute valuable contemporary evidence in support of the economic viability of water fluoridation scheme.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10580,"journal":{"name":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology","volume":"52 4","pages":"601-612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdoe.12958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140206459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caoimhin Mac Giolla Phadraig, Olive Healy, Aisyah Ahmad Fisal, Carilynne Yarascavitch, Maria van Harten, June Nunn, Tim Newton, Peter Sturmey, Koula Asimakopoulou, Blánaid Daly, Marie Therese Hosey, Pedro Vitali Kammer, Alison Dougall, Andrew Geddis-Regan, Archana Pradhan, Arlette Suzy Setiawan, Bryan Kerr, Clive S. Friedman, Bryant W. Cornelius, Christopher Stirling, Siti Zaleha Hamzah, Derek Decloux, Gustavo Molina, Gunilla Klingberg, Hani Ayup, Heather Buchanan, Helena Anjou, Isabel Maura, Ilidia Reyes Bernal Fernandez, Jacobo Limeres Posse, Jennifer Hare, Jessica Francis, Johanna Norderyd, Maryani Mohamed Rohani, Neeta Prabhu, Paul F. Ashley, Paula Faria Marques, Shalini Chopra, Sharat Chandra Pani, Susanne Krämer
Objectives
Dental behaviour support (DBS) describes all specific techniques practiced to support patients in their experience of professional oral healthcare. DBS is roughly synonymous with behaviour management, which is an outdated concept. There is no agreed terminology to specify the techniques used to support patients who receive dental care. This lack of specificity may lead to imprecision in describing, understanding, teaching, evaluating and implementing behaviour support techniques in dentistry. Therefore, this e-Delphi study aimed to develop a list of agreed labels and descriptions of DBS techniques used in dentistry and sort them according to underlying principles of behaviour.
Methods
Following a registered protocol, a modified e-Delphi study was applied over two rounds with a final consensus meeting. The threshold of consensus was set a priori at 75%. Agreed techniques were then categorized by four coders, according to behavioural learning theory, to sort techniques according to their mechanism of action.
Results
The panel (n = 35) agreed on 42 DBS techniques from a total of 63 candidate labels and descriptions. Complete agreement was achieved regarding all labels and descriptions, while agreement was not achieved regarding distinctiveness for 17 techniques. In exploring underlying principles of learning, it became clear that multiple and differing principles may apply depending on the specific context and procedure in which the technique may be applied.
Discussion
Experts agreed on what each DBS technique is, what label to use, and their description, but were less likely to agree on what distinguishes one technique from another. All techniques were describable but not comprehensively categorizable according to principles of learning. While objective consistency was not attained, greater clarity and consistency now exists. The resulting list of agreed terminology marks a significant foundation for future efforts towards understanding DBS techniques in research, education and clinical care.
{"title":"Behaviour support in dentistry: A Delphi study to agree terminology in behaviour management","authors":"Caoimhin Mac Giolla Phadraig, Olive Healy, Aisyah Ahmad Fisal, Carilynne Yarascavitch, Maria van Harten, June Nunn, Tim Newton, Peter Sturmey, Koula Asimakopoulou, Blánaid Daly, Marie Therese Hosey, Pedro Vitali Kammer, Alison Dougall, Andrew Geddis-Regan, Archana Pradhan, Arlette Suzy Setiawan, Bryan Kerr, Clive S. Friedman, Bryant W. Cornelius, Christopher Stirling, Siti Zaleha Hamzah, Derek Decloux, Gustavo Molina, Gunilla Klingberg, Hani Ayup, Heather Buchanan, Helena Anjou, Isabel Maura, Ilidia Reyes Bernal Fernandez, Jacobo Limeres Posse, Jennifer Hare, Jessica Francis, Johanna Norderyd, Maryani Mohamed Rohani, Neeta Prabhu, Paul F. Ashley, Paula Faria Marques, Shalini Chopra, Sharat Chandra Pani, Susanne Krämer","doi":"10.1111/cdoe.12953","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cdoe.12953","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dental behaviour support (DBS) describes all specific techniques practiced to support patients in their experience of professional oral healthcare. DBS is roughly synonymous with behaviour management, which is an outdated concept. There is no agreed terminology to specify the techniques used to support patients who receive dental care. This lack of specificity may lead to imprecision in describing, understanding, teaching, evaluating and implementing behaviour support techniques in dentistry. Therefore, this e-Delphi study aimed to develop a list of agreed labels and descriptions of DBS techniques used in dentistry and sort them according to underlying principles of behaviour.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following a registered protocol, a modified e-Delphi study was applied over two rounds with a final consensus meeting. The threshold of consensus was set a priori at 75%. Agreed techniques were then categorized by four coders, according to behavioural learning theory, to sort techniques according to their mechanism of action.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The panel (<i>n</i> = 35) agreed on 42 DBS techniques from a total of 63 candidate labels and descriptions. Complete agreement was achieved regarding all labels and descriptions, while agreement was not achieved regarding distinctiveness for 17 techniques. In exploring underlying principles of learning, it became clear that multiple and differing principles may apply depending on the specific context and procedure in which the technique may be applied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Experts agreed on what each DBS technique is, what label to use, and their description, but were less likely to agree on what distinguishes one technique from another. All techniques were describable but not comprehensively categorizable according to principles of learning. While objective consistency was not attained, greater clarity and consistency now exists. The resulting list of agreed terminology marks a significant foundation for future efforts towards understanding DBS techniques in research, education and clinical care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10580,"journal":{"name":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology","volume":"52 4","pages":"550-571"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdoe.12953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suruchi G. Ganbavale, Chris Louca, Liz Twigg, Kristina Wanyonyi
<div> <section> <h3> Objectives</h3> <p>To investigate the relationship between socioenvironmental sugar promotion and geographical inequalities in the prevalence of dental caries amongst 5-year-olds living across small areas within England.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Ecological data from the National Dental Epidemiology Programme (NDEP) 2018–2019, comprising information on the percentage of 5-year-olds with tooth decay (≥1 teeth that are decayed into dentine, missing due to decay, or filled), and untreated tooth decay (≥1 decayed but untreated teeth), in lower-tier local authorities (LAs) of England. These were analysed for association with a newly developed Index of Sugar-Promoting Environments Affecting Child Dental Health (ISPE-ACDH). The index quantifies sugar-promoting determinants within a child's environment and provides standardized scores for the index, and its component domains that is, neighbourhood-, school- and family-environment, with the highest scores representing the highest levels of sugar promotion in lower-tier LAs (<i>N</i> = 317) of England. Linear regressions, including unadjusted models separately using index and each domain, and models adjusted for domains were built for each dental outcome.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Participants lived across 272 of 317 lower-tier LAs measured within the index. The average percentage of children with tooth decay and untreated tooth decay was 22.5 (SD: 8.5) and 19.6 (SD: 8.3), respectively. The mean index score was (0.1 [SD: 1.01]). Mean domain scores were: neighbourhood (0.02 [SD: 1.03]), school (0.1 [SD: 1.0]), and family (0.1 [SD: 0.9]). Unadjusted linear regressions indicated that the LA-level percentage of children with tooth decay increased by 5.04, 3.71, 4.78 and 5.24 with increased scores of the index, and neighbourhood, school and family domains, respectively. An additional model, adjusted for domains, showed that this increased percentage predicted by neighbourhood domain attenuated to 1.37, and by family domain it increased to 6.33. Furthermore, unadjusted models indicated that the LA-level percentage of children with untreated tooth decay increased by 4.72, 3.42, 4.45 and 4.97 with increased scores of the index, and neighbourhood, school, and family domains, respectively. The model, adjusted for domains, showed that this increased percentage predicted by neighbourhood domain attenuated to 1.24 and by family domain rose to 6.47. School-domain was not significantly associated with either outcome in adjusted models.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3>
{"title":"Socioenvironmental sugar promotion and geographical inequalities in dental health of 5-year-old children in England","authors":"Suruchi G. Ganbavale, Chris Louca, Liz Twigg, Kristina Wanyonyi","doi":"10.1111/cdoe.12957","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cdoe.12957","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the relationship between socioenvironmental sugar promotion and geographical inequalities in the prevalence of dental caries amongst 5-year-olds living across small areas within England.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecological data from the National Dental Epidemiology Programme (NDEP) 2018–2019, comprising information on the percentage of 5-year-olds with tooth decay (≥1 teeth that are decayed into dentine, missing due to decay, or filled), and untreated tooth decay (≥1 decayed but untreated teeth), in lower-tier local authorities (LAs) of England. These were analysed for association with a newly developed Index of Sugar-Promoting Environments Affecting Child Dental Health (ISPE-ACDH). The index quantifies sugar-promoting determinants within a child's environment and provides standardized scores for the index, and its component domains that is, neighbourhood-, school- and family-environment, with the highest scores representing the highest levels of sugar promotion in lower-tier LAs (<i>N</i> = 317) of England. Linear regressions, including unadjusted models separately using index and each domain, and models adjusted for domains were built for each dental outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants lived across 272 of 317 lower-tier LAs measured within the index. The average percentage of children with tooth decay and untreated tooth decay was 22.5 (SD: 8.5) and 19.6 (SD: 8.3), respectively. The mean index score was (0.1 [SD: 1.01]). Mean domain scores were: neighbourhood (0.02 [SD: 1.03]), school (0.1 [SD: 1.0]), and family (0.1 [SD: 0.9]). Unadjusted linear regressions indicated that the LA-level percentage of children with tooth decay increased by 5.04, 3.71, 4.78 and 5.24 with increased scores of the index, and neighbourhood, school and family domains, respectively. An additional model, adjusted for domains, showed that this increased percentage predicted by neighbourhood domain attenuated to 1.37, and by family domain it increased to 6.33. Furthermore, unadjusted models indicated that the LA-level percentage of children with untreated tooth decay increased by 4.72, 3.42, 4.45 and 4.97 with increased scores of the index, and neighbourhood, school, and family domains, respectively. The model, adjusted for domains, showed that this increased percentage predicted by neighbourhood domain attenuated to 1.24 and by family domain rose to 6.47. School-domain was not significantly associated with either outcome in adjusted models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":10580,"journal":{"name":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology","volume":"52 4","pages":"581-589"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdoe.12957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberto C. Castrejón-Pérez BD, MSc, PhD, S. Aída Borges-Yáñez BD, MPH, PhD, Ricardo Ramírez-Aldana, Ikuo Nasu, Yasuhiko Saito PhD
Objective
This study aimed to explore the cross-sectional and prospective associations between self-reported functionality of complete dentures (FCD), satisfaction with complete dentures (SCD) and the ability to chew hard food (ACHF) on the one hand and the frailty index (FI) on the other hand among edentulous community-dwelling older Japanese people.
Methods
The study examined 770 edentulous participants of the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Aging. The self-reported FCD, SCD and ability to chew six groups of food (from hardest to softest) with complete dentures were the independent variables at the baseline. The FI was computed including 40 deficits as the dependent variable at the baseline and 4 years later. Cross-sectional and prospective generalized linear regression models were fitted controlling for age, gender, marital status, education, working status and area of residence.
Results
The use of non-functional complete dentures and dissatisfaction with complete dentures were both associated with a higher FI cross-sectionally (3.9% [95% CI 2.2–5.6] and 3.2% [95% CI 1.5–4.9], respectively) and prospectively (3.9% [95% CI 2.0–6.0] and 3.3% [95% CI 1.3–5.3], respectively). Regarding the ability to chew, a higher FI at baseline was observed among those able to chew food of Group 2 (1.9%, [95% CI 0.1–3.7]) and Groups 4–6 (1.9%, [95% CI 0.1–3.7]), and a progressive increment in the FI, as the participants reported being able to chew softer groups of food at the follow-up (Group 2: 2.2% [95% CI 0.05–4.3]; Group 3: 3.6% [95% CI 1.2–6.0]; and Groups 4–6: 3.4 [95% CI 0.7–6.1]).
Conclusion
Self-reported use of non-functional complete dentures, dissatisfaction with dentures and a reduced ACHF with complete dentures were associated with a higher FI both cross-sectionally and prospectively.
研究目的本研究旨在探讨日本社区无牙老年人自我报告的全口义齿功能（FCD）、全口义齿满意度（SCD）和咀嚼硬食物能力（ACHF）与虚弱指数（FI）之间的横断面和前瞻性关联：该研究对日本大学日本老龄化纵向研究中的 770 名无牙齿参与者进行了调查。基线自变量为自我报告的FCD、SCD和使用全口假牙咀嚼六组食物（从最硬到最软）的能力。FI 的计算包括基线和 4 年后的 40 项缺陷，作为因变量。在控制年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度、工作状况和居住地区的情况下，对横截面和前瞻性广义线性回归模型进行了拟合：结果：使用非功能性全口义齿和对全口义齿不满意都与较高的 FI 相关，横断面数据（分别为 3.9% [95% CI 2.2-5.6] 和 3.2% [95% CI 1.5-4.9]）和前瞻性数据（分别为 3.9% [95% CI 2.0-6.0] 和 3.3% [95% CI 1.3-5.3]）均与较高的 FI 相关。在咀嚼能力方面，观察到基线时能够咀嚼食物的第 2 组（1.9%，[95% CI 0.1-3.7]）和第 4-6 组（1.9%，[95% CI 0.1-3.7]）的 FI 较高。7]），随着参与者报告在随访时能够咀嚼较软的食物组别，FI 值逐渐增加（第 2 组：2.2% [95% CI 0.05-4.3]；第 3 组：3.6% [95% CI 1.2-6.0]；第 4-6 组：3.4 [95% CI 0.7-6.1]）：结论：无论是横断面还是前瞻性研究，自我报告的使用无功能全口义齿、对义齿的不满意以及全口义齿的ACHF降低都与较高的FI有关。
{"title":"Complete dentures associated with frailty among edentulous older Japanese people: A prospective analysis","authors":"Roberto C. Castrejón-Pérez BD, MSc, PhD, S. Aída Borges-Yáñez BD, MPH, PhD, Ricardo Ramírez-Aldana, Ikuo Nasu, Yasuhiko Saito PhD","doi":"10.1111/cdoe.12956","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cdoe.12956","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to explore the cross-sectional and prospective associations between self-reported functionality of complete dentures (FCD), satisfaction with complete dentures (SCD) and the ability to chew hard food (ACHF) on the one hand and the frailty index (FI) on the other hand among edentulous community-dwelling older Japanese people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study examined 770 edentulous participants of the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Aging. The self-reported FCD, SCD and ability to chew six groups of food (from hardest to softest) with complete dentures were the independent variables at the baseline. The FI was computed including 40 deficits as the dependent variable at the baseline and 4 years later. Cross-sectional and prospective generalized linear regression models were fitted controlling for age, gender, marital status, education, working status and area of residence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of non-functional complete dentures and dissatisfaction with complete dentures were both associated with a higher FI cross-sectionally (3.9% [95% CI 2.2–5.6] and 3.2% [95% CI 1.5–4.9], respectively) and prospectively (3.9% [95% CI 2.0–6.0] and 3.3% [95% CI 1.3–5.3], respectively). Regarding the ability to chew, a higher FI at baseline was observed among those able to chew food of Group 2 (1.9%, [95% CI 0.1–3.7]) and Groups 4–6 (1.9%, [95% CI 0.1–3.7]), and a progressive increment in the FI, as the participants reported being able to chew softer groups of food at the follow-up (Group 2: 2.2% [95% CI 0.05–4.3]; Group 3: 3.6% [95% CI 1.2–6.0]; and Groups 4–6: 3.4 [95% CI 0.7–6.1]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-reported use of non-functional complete dentures, dissatisfaction with dentures and a reduced ACHF with complete dentures were associated with a higher FI both cross-sectionally and prospectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10580,"journal":{"name":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology","volume":"52 4","pages":"572-580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140174041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Borglin L, Pekarski S, Saget S, Duane B. The life cycle analysis of a dental examination: Quantifying the environmental burden of an examination in a hypothetical dental practice. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2021;49:581–593. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12630
When calculating the amount of electricity used in a dental examination, specifically the dental unit use, there was an error in the calculation. The correct amount of electricity consumed from the dental unit is 0.169 kWh (not 1.15 kWh). This error affects the results and figures published but not the overall discussion and conclusion of the article.
We apologize for this error.
Attached are the corrected figures and tables. (Tables 2 and 3)
Appendix 2. Life cycle inventory
A summary of the average time, energy and water usage of an examination and the estimated usage time of instruments during each procedure. Adapted from (Duane et al. 2014).
Appendix 3 Table showing the figures of the contribution of each process for all impact categories. See Figure 2 for the relative graph of these results.
{"title":"Correction to The life cycle analysis of a dental examination: Quantifying the environmental burden of an examination in a hypothetical dental practice","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/cdoe.12952","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cdoe.12952","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Borglin L, Pekarski S, Saget S, Duane B. The life cycle analysis of a dental examination: Quantifying the environmental burden of an examination in a hypothetical dental practice. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2021;49:581–593. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12630</p><p>When calculating the amount of electricity used in a dental examination, specifically the dental unit use, there was an error in the calculation. The correct amount of electricity consumed from the dental unit is 0.169 kWh (not 1.15 kWh). This error affects the results and figures published but not the overall discussion and conclusion of the article.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p><p>Attached are the corrected figures and tables. (Tables 2 and 3)</p><p><i>Appendix 2</i>. Life cycle inventory</p><p>A summary of the average time, energy and water usage of an examination and the estimated usage time of instruments during each procedure. Adapted from (Duane et al. 2014).\u0000 </p><p>Appendix 3 Table showing the figures of the contribution of each process for all impact categories. See Figure 2 for the relative graph of these results.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":10580,"journal":{"name":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology","volume":"52 4","pages":"613-617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdoe.12952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140130954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco A. Peres, Huihua Li, Gustavo G. Nascimento, Fabio R. M. Leite
Objectives
To examine trends in incidence and mortality and evaluate overall survival (OS) of oral cancer in Singapore between 1968 and 2017.
Methods
All diagnosed oral cancers by anatomical sites and population size were extracted from the Singapore Cancer Registry and the Department of Statistics Singapore. The trend of age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR) (per 100 000 person-years) of the lip, oral cavity and salivary gland cancers were evaluated by Prais-Winsten regressions for each ethnicity and gender. Kaplan–Meier curves were performed to evaluate the OS by anatomical sites in each age group by ethnicity and sex.
Results
Overall, 49, 3494 and 1066 people were diagnosed, and 28, 2310 and 476 died from lip, oral cavity and salivary gland cancers, respectively. The oral cavity cancer ASIR and ASMR reduced from 3.07 (1968–1972) to 2.01(2008–2012) and from 2.06 (1978–1982) to 1.21 (2013–2017) per 100 000 person-years, respectively, with both highest in Indians throughout the whole period. Male:Female ratio ranged from 3.43 (1973–1977) to 1.75 (2013–2017) and from 3.41 (1978–1982) to 2.40 (2013–2017) for ASIR and ASMR, respectively. However, both salivary gland cancer ASIR and ASMR increased from 0.50 (1968–1972) to 0.80 (2008–2012) and from 0.18 (1968–1982) to 0.42 (1988–1992) per 100 000 person-years, respectively, with both higher in males since 1993. Oral cavity cancer ASIR decreased for males aged ≥60, and Indian females ≥25, but increased among Chinese females aged ≥60. Oral cavity cancer ASMR decreased among Chinese aged 25–59, and among Malay males and Indian females. Salivary gland cancer ASIR increased among Chinese males aged ≥60 and Malay males aged 25–59; while ASMR increased among Chinese males aged ≥60. The median OS for oral cavity, lip and salivary gland cancers were 3.0, 9.3 and 18.1 years, respectively, with females surviving longer than males.
Conclusions
Singapore has experienced a decline in the incidence and mortality of lip, oral cancer, an increase in in the incidence and mortality of salivary gland cancer, with an increase in the median overall survival rate. Monitoring the magnitude of oral cancer burden and the demographic, and temporal variations is necessary for tailoring health planning and setting priorities for future clinical care and research.
{"title":"Incidence, mortality and survival rates of lip, oral cavity and salivary glands cancers in Singapore: A half-century time trend analysis (1968–2017)","authors":"Marco A. Peres, Huihua Li, Gustavo G. Nascimento, Fabio R. M. Leite","doi":"10.1111/cdoe.12951","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cdoe.12951","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine trends in incidence and mortality and evaluate overall survival (OS) of oral cancer in Singapore between 1968 and 2017.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All diagnosed oral cancers by anatomical sites and population size were extracted from the Singapore Cancer Registry and the Department of Statistics Singapore. The trend of age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR) (per 100 000 person-years) of the lip, oral cavity and salivary gland cancers were evaluated by Prais-Winsten regressions for each ethnicity and gender. Kaplan–Meier curves were performed to evaluate the OS by anatomical sites in each age group by ethnicity and sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 49, 3494 and 1066 people were diagnosed, and 28, 2310 and 476 died from lip, oral cavity and salivary gland cancers, respectively. The oral cavity cancer ASIR and ASMR reduced from 3.07 (1968–1972) to 2.01(2008–2012) and from 2.06 (1978–1982) to 1.21 (2013–2017) per 100 000 person-years, respectively, with both highest in Indians throughout the whole period. Male:Female ratio ranged from 3.43 (1973–1977) to 1.75 (2013–2017) and from 3.41 (1978–1982) to 2.40 (2013–2017) for ASIR and ASMR, respectively. However, both salivary gland cancer ASIR and ASMR increased from 0.50 (1968–1972) to 0.80 (2008–2012) and from 0.18 (1968–1982) to 0.42 (1988–1992) per 100 000 person-years, respectively, with both higher in males since 1993. Oral cavity cancer ASIR decreased for males aged ≥60, and Indian females ≥25, but increased among Chinese females aged ≥60. Oral cavity cancer ASMR decreased among Chinese aged 25–59, and among Malay males and Indian females. Salivary gland cancer ASIR increased among Chinese males aged ≥60 and Malay males aged 25–59; while ASMR increased among Chinese males aged ≥60. The median OS for oral cavity, lip and salivary gland cancers were 3.0, 9.3 and 18.1 years, respectively, with females surviving longer than males.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Singapore has experienced a decline in the incidence and mortality of lip, oral cancer, an increase in in the incidence and mortality of salivary gland cancer, with an increase in the median overall survival rate. Monitoring the magnitude of oral cancer burden and the demographic, and temporal variations is necessary for tailoring health planning and setting priorities for future clinical care and research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10580,"journal":{"name":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology","volume":"52 3","pages":"302-312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shenam Ticku, Olivia Watrous, Danielle Burgess, Yuanyuan Laura Luo, Sabina DSouza, Catherine Simpson, Kareem King Jr., Christine A. Riedy, Brittany Seymour
Objectives
The Three Delays model is a well-established global public health framework for the utilization of obstetric services where each delay represents a series of factors affecting utilization: (1) Delay #1—Deciding to seek care, (2) Delay #2—Reaching an appropriate facility and (3) Delay #3—Receiving adequate care. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the application of the Three Delays model to dental service utilization and describe factors attributed to delayed utilization within this framework.
Methods
This study utilized a framework analysis, underpinned by the Three Delays model, to examine delays in dental care utilization. A criterion purposive sample of English-speaking adults (18+ years) in Massachusetts and Florida, USA with limited dental care access was recruited. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews conducted in two phases: 17 individual interviews, followed by interviews with a subset of five participants over 3 months (a total of 18 interviews). The analysis involved inductive thematic coding and systematic organization within the framework.
Results
Major themes and subthemes were constructed from the participants' narratives, identified and categorized as factors in the Three Delays framework. Each of the delays was interrelated to the other two, and Delay #1 was the most common delay based on the participants' interviews. The themes and subthemes contributing to one or more delays included interpersonal communication, prior dental experience, financial considerations, childcare costs, social connection, technology literacy, time constraints, competing priorities, stressors such as eviction and immigration status and microaggressions including racism and stigma.
Conclusion
The Three Delays model was applicable to the study of dental care utilization and factors that impact the decision to seek dental care, reaching an appropriate dental facility and receiving adequate dental care in this study context.
{"title":"A Three Delays theoretical framework to describe social determinants as barriers to dental care","authors":"Shenam Ticku, Olivia Watrous, Danielle Burgess, Yuanyuan Laura Luo, Sabina DSouza, Catherine Simpson, Kareem King Jr., Christine A. Riedy, Brittany Seymour","doi":"10.1111/cdoe.12949","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cdoe.12949","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Three Delays model is a well-established global public health framework for the utilization of obstetric services where each delay represents a series of factors affecting utilization: (1) Delay #1—Deciding to seek care, (2) Delay #2—Reaching an appropriate facility and (3) Delay #3—Receiving adequate care. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the application of the Three Delays model to dental service utilization and describe factors attributed to delayed utilization within this framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study utilized a framework analysis, underpinned by the Three Delays model, to examine delays in dental care utilization. A criterion purposive sample of English-speaking adults (18+ years) in Massachusetts and Florida, USA with limited dental care access was recruited. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews conducted in two phases: 17 individual interviews, followed by interviews with a subset of five participants over 3 months (a total of 18 interviews). The analysis involved inductive thematic coding and systematic organization within the framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Major themes and subthemes were constructed from the participants' narratives, identified and categorized as factors in the Three Delays framework. Each of the delays was interrelated to the other two, and Delay #1 was the most common delay based on the participants' interviews. The themes and subthemes contributing to one or more delays included interpersonal communication, prior dental experience, financial considerations, childcare costs, social connection, technology literacy, time constraints, competing priorities, stressors such as eviction and immigration status and microaggressions including racism and stigma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Three Delays model was applicable to the study of dental care utilization and factors that impact the decision to seek dental care, reaching an appropriate dental facility and receiving adequate dental care in this study context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10580,"journal":{"name":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology","volume":"52 4","pages":"527-539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139995735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruna Brondani, Jessica K. Knorst, Thiago M. Ardenghi, Fausto M. Mendes, Mário A. Brondani
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of individual and contextual socioeconomic inequalities in the occurrence of untreated dental caries during the transition from childhood to adolescence.
Methods
This 10-year prospective cohort study followed up an initial sample of 639 1–5 years old schoolchildren from southern Brazil. After 7 and 10 years from the baseline (T1), two other reassessments were conducted (T2 and T3), respectively. Untreated dental caries was measured through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS- scores 3, 5 and 6) at T1 and T3. Socioeconomic status (SES) at the contextual and individual level was assessed at T1. At T2, socioeconomic, behavioural and psychosocial characteristics were evaluated as possible pathways of explanation. Structural equation modelling was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects among the variables over 10 years.
Results
A total of 429 adolescents were reevaluated at 10-year follow-up (cohort retention rate of 67.1%). About 30.6% presented untreated dental caries at T3. Low individual SES at T1 directly impacted a higher occurrence of dental caries at T3. Non-white skin colour at T1 also indirectly impacted a higher occurrence of dental caries at T3 through low individual SES at T1 and lower household income at T2. Contextual SES did not predict, directly or indirectly, dental caries at T3.
Conclusion
There is strong evidence that socioeconomic inequalities at the individual level play an important role on the occurrence of dental caries from childhood to adolescence. On the other hand, there was no evidence that contextual SES influences the occurrence of dental caries over time.
{"title":"Community and individual socioeconomic inequalities and dental caries from childhood to adolescence: A 10-year cohort study","authors":"Bruna Brondani, Jessica K. Knorst, Thiago M. Ardenghi, Fausto M. Mendes, Mário A. Brondani","doi":"10.1111/cdoe.12950","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cdoe.12950","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the effect of individual and contextual socioeconomic inequalities in the occurrence of untreated dental caries during the transition from childhood to adolescence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This 10-year prospective cohort study followed up an initial sample of 639 1–5 years old schoolchildren from southern Brazil. After 7 and 10 years from the baseline (T1), two other reassessments were conducted (T2 and T3), respectively. Untreated dental caries was measured through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS- scores 3, 5 and 6) at T1 and T3. Socioeconomic status (SES) at the contextual and individual level was assessed at T1. At T2, socioeconomic, behavioural and psychosocial characteristics were evaluated as possible pathways of explanation. Structural equation modelling was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects among the variables over 10 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 429 adolescents were reevaluated at 10-year follow-up (cohort retention rate of 67.1%). About 30.6% presented untreated dental caries at T3. Low individual SES at T1 directly impacted a higher occurrence of dental caries at T3. Non-white skin colour at T1 also indirectly impacted a higher occurrence of dental caries at T3 through low individual SES at T1 and lower household income at T2. Contextual SES did not predict, directly or indirectly, dental caries at T3.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is strong evidence that socioeconomic inequalities at the individual level play an important role on the occurrence of dental caries from childhood to adolescence. On the other hand, there was no evidence that contextual SES influences the occurrence of dental caries over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10580,"journal":{"name":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology","volume":"52 4","pages":"540-549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cdoe.12950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139944016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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