首页 > 最新文献

Toxicology Research最新文献

英文 中文
In-vitro and preclinical testing of bacillus subtilis UBBS-14 probiotic in rats shows no toxicity. 在大鼠体内对枯草杆菌 UBBS-14 益生菌进行的体外和临床前测试表明,它没有毒性。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-22 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae021
Ankit Negi, Tulasi Pasam, Syed Muhammad Farqadain, Y Mahalaxmi, Manoj P Dandekar

Introduction: Probiotics made from Bacillus subtilis provide a wide spread of health benefits, particularly in the treatment of diarrhea and gastrointestinal problems. Herein, we employed in vitro and in vivo paradigms to assess the potential adverse effects and toxicity of B. subtilis UBBS-14.

Materials and methods: According to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407 requirements, a preclinical investigation was conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute toxicity was examined following a single peroral (PO) administration of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) i.e. equivalent to 500 billion colony-forming units (CFU) per kg bw. Single administration of B. subtilis UBBS-14 showed no mortality or adverse effects until the 14-day observation period, indicating LD50 is >5,000 mg/kg bw.

Results: Incubation of B. subtilis UBBS-14 with Caco2, HT29, and Raw 264.7 cell lines, showed no cytotoxic effects. This probiotic strain was also found responsive to the majority of antibiotics. For a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study, rats were administered 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg bw daily once (10, 50, and 100 billion CFU/kg bw/day, respectively) doses of B. subtilis UBBS-14. No notable changes were seen in the morphology, weight, and histopathology of the critical internal organs. The haematological, biochemical, electrolyte (sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium), and urine analytical results were within the normal range and equivalent to the vehicle-treated group.

Conclusion: B. subtilis UBBS-14's no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was thus determined to be >1,000 mg/kg bw/day following a 28-day oral dosing.

导言:由枯草芽孢杆菌制成的益生菌具有广泛的健康益处,尤其是在治疗腹泻和胃肠道问题方面。在此,我们采用体外和体内范例来评估枯草芽孢杆菌 UBBS-14 的潜在不良影响和毒性:根据经济合作与发展组织(OECD)423 和 407 的要求,我们对雄性和雌性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠进行了临床前调查。单次口服给药 5,000 毫克/千克体重(即相当于每千克体重 5,000 亿个菌落形成单位(CFU))后,对急性毒性进行了检测。单次服用枯草芽孢杆菌 UBBS-14 在 14 天的观察期内没有出现死亡或不良反应,表明半数致死剂量大于 5,000 毫克/千克体重:结果:将枯草杆菌 UBBS-14 与 Caco2、HT29 和 Raw 264.7 细胞系培养,未发现细胞毒性作用。这种益生菌株对大多数抗生素也有反应。在一项为期 28 天的重复剂量毒性研究中,大鼠每天一次分别服用 100、500 和 1,000 毫克/千克体重的枯草杆菌 UBBS-14(分别为 100、500 和 1,000 亿 CFU/千克体重/天)。重要内脏器官的形态、重量和组织病理学未见明显变化。血液学、生物化学、电解质(钠、钾、氯化物和钙)和尿液分析结果均在正常范围内,与车辆处理组相当:结论:因此,在口服 28 天后,枯草芽孢杆菌 UBBS-14 的无观测效应水平(NOEL)被确定为大于 1,000 毫克/千克体重/天。
{"title":"In-vitro and preclinical testing of <i>bacillus subtilis</i> UBBS-14 probiotic in rats shows no toxicity.","authors":"Ankit Negi, Tulasi Pasam, Syed Muhammad Farqadain, Y Mahalaxmi, Manoj P Dandekar","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfae021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfae021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Probiotics made from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> provide a wide spread of health benefits, particularly in the treatment of diarrhea and gastrointestinal problems. Herein, we employed in vitro and in vivo paradigms to assess the potential adverse effects and toxicity of <i>B. subtilis</i> UBBS-14.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>According to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407 requirements, a preclinical investigation was conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute toxicity was examined following a single peroral (PO) administration of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) i.e. equivalent to 500 billion colony-forming units (CFU) per kg bw. Single administration of <i>B. subtilis</i> UBBS-14 showed no mortality or adverse effects until the 14-day observation period, indicating LD50 is >5,000 mg/kg bw.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incubation of <i>B. subtilis</i> UBBS-14 with Caco2, HT29, and Raw 264.7 cell lines, showed no cytotoxic effects. This probiotic strain was also found responsive to the majority of antibiotics. For a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study, rats were administered 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg bw daily once (10, 50, and 100 billion CFU/kg bw/day, respectively) doses of <i>B. subtilis</i> UBBS-14. No notable changes were seen in the morphology, weight, and histopathology of the critical internal organs. The haematological, biochemical, electrolyte (sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium), and urine analytical results were within the normal range and equivalent to the vehicle-treated group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>B. subtilis</i> UBBS-14's no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was thus determined to be >1,000 mg/kg bw/day following a 28-day oral dosing.</p>","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"tfae021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10891425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139970101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In vivo toxicological assessment of silver nanoparticle in edible fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. 银纳米粒子在食用鱼 Oreochromis mossambicus 中的体内毒理学评估。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-17 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae019
Gisha Sivan, Rajesh Pamanji, Srikanth Koigoora, Nimila Joseph, Joseph Selvin

Silver nanoparticles are the extensively utilized among all nanoparticles due to their antibacterial and wound healing properties making them highly suitable for medical and pharmaceutical applications. The field of nanoparticle toxicity is an emerging field and the present study aims to assess the biochemical, hematological and genotoxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to different concentrations of silver nanoparticles for 7 and 14 days. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate using trisodium citrate and was characterized using X-ray diffraction, SEM, HRTEM and DLS. Hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, Hb, HCT and MCV and for biochemical analysis, antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPX and serum enzymes AST, ALT, ACP, ALP and LDH were analyzed. Genotoxicity was studied using comet assay. Results obtained showed decrease in erythrocytes, HCT, Hb and MCV while an increase was noted in WBC on day 7 and 14. The antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx showed a decrease and the lipid peroxidation product MDA was elevated. The serum enzymes AST, ALT, ACP ALP and LDH showed an increased activity when compared to control. DNA damage was evident by an increase in % TDNA. The results indicate hematological, biochemical and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles that might be mediated through ROS generation in O. mossambicus.

银纳米粒子具有抗菌和伤口愈合的特性,非常适合医疗和制药应用,因此在所有纳米粒子中被广泛使用。纳米颗粒的毒性是一个新兴领域,本研究旨在评估暴露于不同浓度的银纳米颗粒 7 天和 14 天的裸鲤的生化、血液学和遗传毒性。银纳米粒子是通过柠檬酸三钠还原硝酸银合成的,并使用 X 射线衍射、扫描电镜、HRTEM 和 DLS 进行表征。分析了 RBC、WBC、Hb、HCT 和 MCV 等血液学参数,以及 SOD、CAT 和 GPX 等抗氧化酶和 AST、ALT、ACP、ALP 和 LDH 等血清酶的生化分析。使用彗星试验研究了遗传毒性。结果表明,在第 7 天和第 14 天,红细胞、血细胞比容、血红蛋白和 MCV 都有所下降,而白细胞则有所增加。抗氧化酶 SOD、CAT 和 GPx 出现下降,脂质过氧化产物 MDA 升高。与对照组相比,血清酶 AST、ALT、ACP ALP 和 LDH 的活性都有所提高。DNA 损伤表现为 TDNA 百分比的增加。这些结果表明,银纳米颗粒可能通过产生 ROS 来介导莫桑比克鳗鱼的血液学、生物化学和遗传毒性。
{"title":"In vivo toxicological assessment of silver nanoparticle in edible fish, <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i>.","authors":"Gisha Sivan, Rajesh Pamanji, Srikanth Koigoora, Nimila Joseph, Joseph Selvin","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfae019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfae019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver nanoparticles are the extensively utilized among all nanoparticles due to their antibacterial and wound healing properties making them highly suitable for medical and pharmaceutical applications. The field of nanoparticle toxicity is an emerging field and the present study aims to assess the biochemical, hematological and genotoxicity in <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i> exposed to different concentrations of silver nanoparticles for 7 and 14 days. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate using trisodium citrate and was characterized using X-ray diffraction, SEM, HRTEM and DLS. Hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, Hb, HCT and MCV and for biochemical analysis, antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPX and serum enzymes AST, ALT, ACP, ALP and LDH were analyzed. Genotoxicity was studied using comet assay. Results obtained showed decrease in erythrocytes, HCT, Hb and MCV while an increase was noted in WBC on day 7 and 14. The antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx showed a decrease and the lipid peroxidation product MDA was elevated. The serum enzymes AST, ALT, ACP ALP and LDH showed an increased activity when compared to control. DNA damage was evident by an increase in % TDNA. The results indicate hematological, biochemical and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles that might be mediated through ROS generation in <i>O. mossambicus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"tfae019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139911538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hexaconazole exposure may lead to Parkinson via disrupting glucocerebrosidase and parkin: molecular interaction, dynamics, MMPBSA and DFT based in-silico predictive toxicology. 暴露于己康唑可能会通过干扰葡萄糖脑苷脂酶和帕金森而导致帕金森病:基于分子相互作用、动力学、MMPBSA 和 DFT 的室内预测毒理学。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-13 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae018
Faisal K Alkholifi, Sayed Aliul Hasan Abdi, Marwa Qadri, Shabihul Fatma Sayed, Amani Khardali, Sumathi Nagarajan, Alhamyani Abdulrahman, Nayef Aldabaan, Yahia Alghazwani

Hexaconazole is a known fungicide for agricultural purposes. It has bioaccumulation ability which makes it important for its toxicological characterization. There are various neurological impacts of pollutants on human health. Therefore, in this study, we have done predictive analyses of the interaction mechanism of hexaconazole by molecular interaction analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, and Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) to assess hexaconazole's potency to disrupt the homeostasis of glucocerebrosidase (-7.9 kcal/mol) and parkin (-5.67 kcal/mol) proteins which have significant roles in the manifestation of Parkinson disease. The findings reveal that hexaconazole has the potency to form stable interactions with glucocerebrosidase and parkin. This research provides a molecular and atomic-level understanding of how hexaconazole exposure may disrupt the homeostasis of glucocerebrosidase and parkin. The root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration, and hydrogen bonding exhibited the potent molecular interactions of hexaconazole, which may lead to neurological manifestations such as Parkinson disease.

己唑醇是一种已知的农用杀菌剂。它具有生物蓄积能力,因此对其进行毒理学特征描述非常重要。污染物对人体健康有各种神经影响。因此,在本研究中,我们通过分子相互作用分析、分子动力学模拟和泊松-波尔兹曼表面积(MM-PBSA)对己康唑的相互作用机制进行了预测分析,以评估己康唑破坏葡萄糖脑苷脂(-7.9 kcal/mol)和帕金森蛋白(-5.67 kcal/mol)平衡的效力,这两种蛋白在帕金森病的表现中具有重要作用。研究结果表明,己唑醇能与葡萄糖脑苷脂和帕金形成稳定的相互作用。这项研究从分子和原子水平上揭示了暴露于己康唑会如何破坏葡萄糖脑苷脂和帕金蛋白的平衡。均方根偏差(RMSD)、均方根波动(RMSF)、回转半径和氢键显示了己康唑的强大分子相互作用,这可能会导致帕金森病等神经系统表现。
{"title":"Hexaconazole exposure may lead to Parkinson via disrupting glucocerebrosidase and parkin: molecular interaction, dynamics, MMPBSA and DFT based <i>in</i>-silico predictive toxicology.","authors":"Faisal K Alkholifi, Sayed Aliul Hasan Abdi, Marwa Qadri, Shabihul Fatma Sayed, Amani Khardali, Sumathi Nagarajan, Alhamyani Abdulrahman, Nayef Aldabaan, Yahia Alghazwani","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfae018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfae018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hexaconazole is a known fungicide for agricultural purposes. It has bioaccumulation ability which makes it important for its toxicological characterization. There are various neurological impacts of pollutants on human health. Therefore, in this study, we have done predictive analyses of the interaction mechanism of hexaconazole by molecular interaction analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, and Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) to assess hexaconazole's potency to disrupt the homeostasis of glucocerebrosidase (-7.9 kcal/mol) and parkin (-5.67 kcal/mol) proteins which have significant roles in the manifestation of Parkinson disease. The findings reveal that hexaconazole has the potency to form stable interactions with glucocerebrosidase and parkin. This research provides a molecular and atomic-level understanding of how hexaconazole exposure may disrupt the homeostasis of glucocerebrosidase and parkin. The root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration, and hydrogen bonding exhibited the potent molecular interactions of hexaconazole, which may lead to neurological manifestations such as Parkinson disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"tfae018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10939372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The detection of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel apoptotic effects using AgNOR staining in MDA-MB-231. 利用 AgNOR 染色法检测石榴(Punica granatum L.)果皮在 MDA-MB-231 中的凋亡作用。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-13 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae015
Rabia Nur Ceyhan, Mustafa Nisari, Mehtap Nisari, Sümeyye Uçar, Fatih Mehmet Koca, Gülderen Kerek, Tuğçe Özcanlı, Neriman İnanç

In present study, it was purposed to determine the in vitro effect of the extract obtained from the pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel on the breast cancer cell line. MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to pomegranate peel extract (PoPx) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for varying durations (24 and 48 h) and doses (25 and 50 μg/mL). At the end of the incubation periods, argyrophilic nucleolus organizer regions (AgNOR) protein status, cell viability/apoptosis and cell cycle of MDA-MB-231 cells were examined in the Muse Cell Analyzer device. Cell viability was observed to be decreased when the groups treated with PoPx were compared with the control group. The group in which apoptosis was observed with the highest value was 50 μg/mL PoPx group (p < 0.05). In the cell cycle test, the number of cells in the G0/G1 stage was found to be significantly higher in the 25 μg/mL PoPx group compared to the control and 50 μg/mL PoPx groups at the end of the 24-h incubation period (p < 0.05) The results also supported cell cycle and apoptosis, and at the end of 24 h, Total AgNOR area(TAA)/Total nuclear area (NA) ratio and AgNOR numbered decreased on the 50 μg/mL PoPx group and were found to be statistically significant compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Consequently, it was determined that PoPx increased apoptosis on breast cancer cells by various mechanisms and inhibited cell viability/cell growth. This study showed that the widespread consumption of PoPx may be effective in preventing cancer formation and slowing its progression.

本研究旨在确定石榴(Punica granatum L.)果皮提取物对乳腺癌细胞系的体外效应。将 MDA-MB-231 细胞暴露于石榴皮提取物(PoPx)中,在 37 °C、5% CO2 下进行不同时间(24 和 48 小时)和剂量(25 和 50 μg/mL)的培养。培养期结束后,用 Muse 细胞分析仪检测 MDA-MB-231 细胞的嗜碱性核仁组织区(AgNOR)蛋白状态、细胞活力/凋亡和细胞周期。与对照组相比,用 PoPx 处理的组观察到细胞活力下降。在细胞周期测试中,与对照组和 50 μg/mL PoPx 组相比,在 24 小时培养期结束时,25 μg/mL PoPx 组处于 G0/G1 阶段的细胞数量显著增加(p)、在 24 小时结束时,50 μg/mL PoPx 组的总 AgNOR 面积(TAA)/总核面积(NA)比值和 AgNOR 数量减少,与对照组相比具有统计学意义(p)。因此,可以确定 PoPx 通过各种机制增加了乳腺癌细胞的凋亡,并抑制了细胞活力/细胞生长。这项研究表明,广泛食用 PoPx 可有效预防癌症的形成和减缓癌症的发展。
{"title":"The detection of pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i> L.) peel apoptotic effects using AgNOR staining in MDA-MB-231.","authors":"Rabia Nur Ceyhan, Mustafa Nisari, Mehtap Nisari, Sümeyye Uçar, Fatih Mehmet Koca, Gülderen Kerek, Tuğçe Özcanlı, Neriman İnanç","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfae015","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfae015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In present study, it was purposed to determine the in vitro effect of the extract obtained from the pomegranate (<i>Punica granatum</i> L.) peel on the breast cancer cell line. MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to pomegranate peel extract (PoPx) at 37 °C and 5% CO<sub>2</sub> for varying durations (24 and 48 h) and doses (25 and 50 μg/mL). At the end of the incubation periods, argyrophilic nucleolus organizer regions (AgNOR) protein status, cell viability/apoptosis and cell cycle of MDA-MB-231 cells were examined in the Muse Cell Analyzer device. Cell viability was observed to be decreased when the groups treated with PoPx were compared with the control group. The group in which apoptosis was observed with the highest value was 50 μg/mL PoPx group (<i>p < 0.05).</i> In the cell cycle test, the number of cells in the G0/G1 stage was found to be significantly higher in the 25 μg/mL PoPx group compared to the control and 50 μg/mL PoPx groups at the end of the 24-h incubation period (<i>p < 0.05)</i> The results also supported cell cycle and apoptosis, and at the end of 24 h, Total AgNOR area(TAA)/Total nuclear area (NA) ratio and AgNOR numbered decreased on the 50 μg/mL PoPx group and were found to be statistically significant compared to the control group (<i>p < 0.05</i>). Consequently, it was determined that PoPx increased apoptosis on breast cancer cells by various mechanisms and inhibited cell viability/cell growth. This study showed that the widespread consumption of PoPx may be effective in preventing cancer formation and slowing its progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"tfae015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10872011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139898912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nigella sativa oil exhibits anti-aging effects in transgenic Alzheimer's Drosophila melanogaster via anti oxidant pathways: survival-rate and life span studies. 黑麦油通过抗氧化途径对转基因阿尔茨海默氏症黑腹果蝇产生抗衰老作用:存活率和寿命研究。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-09 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae017
A I Mukhtar, B Danborno, A A Sadeeq

In this article we aime to investigate he anti-aging effect of Nigella sativa oil. Transgenic flies engineered under UAS/GAL4 system were acquired from the Bloomington Drosophila stock center. For methodology, (LC50), 30 flies 2-3 days old were divided into four groups, and exposed to diets of 30, 60, 90, and 120 μL/10 g in 3 replicates at a density of 30 flies per vial. Mortality was recorded daily for 7 consecutive days. For survival, (150) 2-3 days adult flies were divided into four groups (I-IV), 100 flies in each group. Group I which served as control fed on 10 g of diet only, group II was fed 10 g of diet only, group III (AB42 + low dose) was fed on 10 g diet +6.39ul NSO, group IV (AB42 + high dose) was fed 10 diet + 12.77ul NSO. The administration lasted for 28 days. For the third phase, a similar protocol was adopted with each group having (400) flies, this phase lasted f till the last fly died. The effect of NSO was assessed by; Studying the mortality daily. Results revealed the lethal concentration of LC50 NSO to be 25.54 mg it was also observed from the study that exposure to NSO in food media at low doses has increased the lifespan of AB-42 treated flies. In conclusion, findings from this study suggest the efficacy of low-dose NSO increased the survival and life span of the AB-42 flies.

本文旨在研究黑麦油的抗衰老作用。我们从布鲁明顿果蝇种群中心获得了在 UAS/GAL4 系统下设计的转基因果蝇。方法是将 30 只 2-3 天大的苍蝇分成 4 组,分别暴露于 30、60、90 和 120 μL/10 g 的食物中,每组 3 个重复,每瓶 30 只苍蝇。连续 7 天每天记录死亡率。将 150 只 2-3 天的成蝇分为四组(I-IV),每组 100 只。第一组为对照组,只喂 10 克饲料;第二组只喂 10 克饲料;第三组(AB42 + 低剂量)喂 10 克饲料 + 6.39ul NSO;第四组(AB42 + 高剂量)喂 10 克饲料 + 12.77ul NSO。饲喂持续 28 天。第三阶段采用类似方案,每组饲养 400 只苍蝇,该阶段持续到最后一只苍蝇死亡。通过研究每天的死亡率来评估 NSO 的效果。结果显示,NSO 的致死浓度 LC50 为 25.54 毫克,研究还发现,在食物培养基中接触低剂量的 NSO 会延长 AB-42 处理过的苍蝇的寿命。总之,这项研究的结果表明,低剂量 NSO 有助于提高 AB-42 苍蝇的存活率和寿命。
{"title":"<i>Nigella sativa</i> oil exhibits anti-aging effects in transgenic Alzheimer's <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> via anti oxidant pathways: survival-rate and life span studies.","authors":"A I Mukhtar, B Danborno, A A Sadeeq","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfae017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfae017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article we aime to investigate he anti-aging effect of <i>Nigella sativa</i> oil. Transgenic flies engineered under UAS/GAL4 system were acquired from the Bloomington Drosophila stock center. For methodology, (LC50), 30 flies 2-3 days old were divided into four groups, and exposed to diets of 30, 60, 90, and 120 μL/10 g in 3 replicates at a density of 30 flies per vial. Mortality was recorded daily for 7 consecutive days. For survival, (150) 2-3 days adult flies were divided into four groups (I-IV), 100 flies in each group. Group I which served as control fed on 10 g of diet only, group II was fed 10 g of diet only, group III (AB42 + low dose) was fed on 10 g diet +6.39ul NSO, group IV (AB42 + high dose) was fed 10 diet + 12.77ul NSO. The administration lasted for 28 days. For the third phase, a similar protocol was adopted with each group having (400) flies, this phase lasted f till the last fly died. The effect of NSO was assessed by; Studying the mortality daily. Results revealed the lethal concentration of LC50 NSO to be 25.54 mg it was also observed from the study that exposure to NSO in food media at low doses has increased the lifespan of AB-42 treated flies. In conclusion, findings from this study suggest the efficacy of low-dose NSO increased the survival and life span of the AB-42 flies.</p>","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"tfae017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10857896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139720871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing the mitochondrial safety profile of the molnupiravir active metabolite, β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), in the physiologically relevant HepaRG model. 在与生理相关的 HepaRG 模型中评估莫仑吡韦活性代谢物β-d-N4-羟基胞苷(NHC)的线粒体安全性。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-07 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae012
Robyn T Kiy, Saye H Khoo, Amy E Chadwick

Background: β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) is the active metabolite of molnupiravir, a broad-spectrum antiviral approved by the MHRA for COVID-19 treatment. NHC induces lethal mutagenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, undergoing incorporation into the viral genome and arresting viral replication. It has previously been reported that several nucleoside analogues elicit off-target inhibition of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or RNA replication. Although NHC does not exert these effects in HepG2 cells, HepaRG are proven to be advantageous over HepG2 for modelling nucleoside analogue-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the mitotoxic potential of NHC in HepaRG cells, a model more closely resembling physiological human liver.

Methods: Differentiated HepaRG cells were exposed to 1-60 μM NHC for 3-14 days to investigate effects of sub-, supra-, and clinically-relevant exposures (in the UK, molnupiravir for COVID-19 is indicated for 5 days and reported Cmax is 16 μM). Following drug incubation, cell viability, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial protein expression, and mitochondrial respiration were assessed.

Results: NHC induced minor decreases in cell viability at clinically relevant exposures, but did not decrease mitochondrial protein expression. The effects on mtDNA were variable, but typically copy number was increased. At supra-clinical concentrations (60 μM), NHC reduced mitochondrial respiration, but did not appear to induce direct electron transport chain dysfunction.

Conclusions: Overall, NHC does not cause direct mitochondrial toxicity in HepaRG cells at clinically relevant concentrations, but may induce minor cellular perturbations. As HepaRG cells have increased physiological relevance, these findings provide additional assurance of the mitochondrial safety profile of NHC.

背景:β-d-N4-羟基胞苷(NHC)是molnupiravir的活性代谢产物,molnupiravir是一种广谱抗病毒药物,已被MHRA批准用于COVID-19的治疗。NHC 可诱导 SARS-CoV-2 病毒发生致命突变,融入病毒基因组并阻止病毒复制。以前曾有报道称,几种核苷类似物会引起线粒体 DNA(mtDNA)或 RNA 复制的脱靶抑制。虽然 NHC 不会在 HepG2 细胞中产生这些影响,但事实证明,HepaRG 在模拟核苷类似物诱导的线粒体功能障碍方面比 HepG2 更有优势。因此,这项工作的目的是评估 NHC 在 HepaRG 细胞中的有丝分裂毒性潜力,HepaRG 细胞是一种更接近生理人肝的模型:方法:将分化的 HepaRG 细胞暴露于 1-60 μM 的 NHC 中 3-14 天,以研究亚临床、超临床和临床相关暴露的影响(在英国,COVID-19 的莫仑匹韦适用于 5 天,报告的 Cmax 为 16 μM)。药物孵育后,对细胞活力、mtDNA拷贝数、线粒体蛋白表达和线粒体呼吸进行了评估:结果:在临床相关暴露条件下,NHC 会导致细胞活力轻微下降,但不会降低线粒体蛋白的表达。对 mtDNA 的影响不尽相同,但拷贝数通常会增加。在超临床浓度(60 μM)下,NHC会降低线粒体呼吸,但似乎不会引起直接的电子传递链功能障碍:总之,在临床相关浓度下,NHC 不会对 HepaRG 细胞的线粒体产生直接毒性,但可能会引起轻微的细胞紊乱。随着 HepaRG 细胞的生理相关性增加,这些发现为 NHC 的线粒体安全性提供了更多保证。
{"title":"Assessing the mitochondrial safety profile of the molnupiravir active metabolite, β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), in the physiologically relevant HepaRG model.","authors":"Robyn T Kiy, Saye H Khoo, Amy E Chadwick","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfae012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfae012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) is the active metabolite of molnupiravir, a broad-spectrum antiviral approved by the MHRA for COVID-19 treatment. NHC induces lethal mutagenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, undergoing incorporation into the viral genome and arresting viral replication. It has previously been reported that several nucleoside analogues elicit off-target inhibition of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or RNA replication. Although NHC does not exert these effects in HepG2 cells, HepaRG are proven to be advantageous over HepG2 for modelling nucleoside analogue-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the mitotoxic potential of NHC in HepaRG cells, a model more closely resembling physiological human liver.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Differentiated HepaRG cells were exposed to 1-60 μM NHC for 3-14 days to investigate effects of sub-, supra-, and clinically-relevant exposures (in the UK, molnupiravir for COVID-19 is indicated for 5 days and reported Cmax is 16 μM). Following drug incubation, cell viability, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial protein expression, and mitochondrial respiration were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NHC induced minor decreases in cell viability at clinically relevant exposures, but did not decrease mitochondrial protein expression. The effects on mtDNA were variable, but typically copy number was increased. At supra-clinical concentrations (60 μM), NHC reduced mitochondrial respiration, but did not appear to induce direct electron transport chain dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, NHC does not cause direct mitochondrial toxicity in HepaRG cells at clinically relevant concentrations, but may induce minor cellular perturbations. As HepaRG cells have increased physiological relevance, these findings provide additional assurance of the mitochondrial safety profile of NHC.</p>","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"tfae012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10848230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139701216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study on SH-SY5Y autophagy inhibition and apoptosis induced by methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. based on mTOR signal pathway. 基于mTOR信号通路的甲醇提取物Zanthoxylum armatum DC.抑制SH-SY5Y自噬和诱导细胞凋亡的研究
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-06 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae013
Jiafu Guo, Jiayu Wen, Qiwen Xiang, Yan Huang, Tingting Hu, Chaolong Rao

Background: Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (ZADC) is a novel food raw material resource, offering both edible and medicinal properties. Recent research has unveiled the toxic nature of ZADC, particularly its close association with the nervous system. In a prior study, we observed that administering methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (MZADC) to rats via gavage at a dose of 1.038 g/kg resulted in various neurotoxicity symptoms, including excessive salivation, reduced mobility, unsteady gait, muscle twitching, and altered respiratory rates.

Materials and methods: We conducted cell-based research to assess the safety of ZADC and elucidate its potential toxic mechanism. In addition, we used experimental methods such as Cell Counting Kit-8, Western blot, and Flow cytometry to detect cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells after intervention with MZADC.

Results: Following exposure of SY-SY5Y cells with MZADC, a substantial decline in cell viability was observed, accompanied by a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, MZADC induced cellular oxidative stress, leading to elevated malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations while decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels. Furthermore, MZADC induced apoptosis at varying doses (20, 40, and 60 μg/mL), and this effect was associated with increased Caspase-3, Bax expressions, and reduced Bcl2 and Bcl2/Bax expressions. In addition, the investigation revealed that MZADC induced autophagy inhibition in SH-SY5Y cells by activating the mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in a decrease in LC3II/LCI and Beclin-1, while increasing p-mTOR/mTOR, p62.

Conclusion: Consequently, this study suggests that MZADC triggers the mTOR pathway through oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Understanding the toxicity mechanisms associated with ZADC can offer a valuable theoretical and experimental basis for its development and utilization.

背景介绍Zanthoxylum armatum DC.(ZADC)是一种新型食品原料资源,具有食用和药用双重特性。最近的研究揭示了 ZADC 的毒性,尤其是它与神经系统的密切联系。在之前的一项研究中,我们观察到给大鼠服用甲醇提取物 Zanthoxylum armatum DC.(MZADC) 会导致各种神经中毒症状,包括唾液分泌过多、活动能力下降、步态不稳、肌肉抽搐和呼吸频率改变:我们开展了基于细胞的研究,以评估 ZADC 的安全性并阐明其潜在的毒性机制。此外,我们还使用了细胞计数试剂盒-8、Western印迹和流式细胞术等实验方法来检测MZADC干预SH-SY5Y细胞后的细胞毒性:结果:SY-SY5Y细胞暴露于MZADC后,细胞活力大幅下降,同时细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平呈浓度依赖性增加。此外,MZADC 还诱导细胞氧化应激,导致丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)浓度升高,同时谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平降低。此外,不同剂量(20、40 和 60 μg/mL)的 MZADC 可诱导细胞凋亡,这种效应与 Caspase-3 和 Bax 表达量增加以及 Bcl2 和 Bcl2/Bax 表达量减少有关。此外,研究还发现,MZADC通过激活mTOR信号通路诱导SH-SY5Y细胞自噬抑制,导致LC3II/LCI和Beclin-1减少,而p-mTOR/mTOR、p62增加:因此,本研究表明,MZADC 通过氧化应激触发 SH-SY5Y 细胞中的 mTOR 通路,最终导致细胞凋亡。了解与 ZADC 相关的毒性机制可为其开发和利用提供宝贵的理论和实验依据。
{"title":"Study on SH-SY5Y autophagy inhibition and apoptosis induced by methanol extract of <i>Zanthoxylum armatum</i> DC. based on mTOR signal pathway.","authors":"Jiafu Guo, Jiayu Wen, Qiwen Xiang, Yan Huang, Tingting Hu, Chaolong Rao","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfae013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfae013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (ZADC) is a novel food raw material resource, offering both edible and medicinal properties. Recent research has unveiled the toxic nature of ZADC, particularly its close association with the nervous system. In a prior study, we observed that administering methanol extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. (MZADC) to rats via gavage at a dose of 1.038 g/kg resulted in various neurotoxicity symptoms, including excessive salivation, reduced mobility, unsteady gait, muscle twitching, and altered respiratory rates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted cell-based research to assess the safety of ZADC and elucidate its potential toxic mechanism. In addition, we used experimental methods such as Cell Counting Kit-8, Western blot, and Flow cytometry to detect cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells after intervention with MZADC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following exposure of SY-SY5Y cells with MZADC, a substantial decline in cell viability was observed, accompanied by a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, MZADC induced cellular oxidative stress, leading to elevated malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations while decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels. Furthermore, MZADC induced apoptosis at varying doses (20, 40, and 60 μg/mL), and this effect was associated with increased Caspase-3, Bax expressions, and reduced Bcl2 and Bcl2/Bax expressions. In addition, the investigation revealed that MZADC induced autophagy inhibition in SH-SY5Y cells by activating the mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in a decrease in LC3II/LCI and Beclin-1, while increasing p-mTOR/mTOR, p62.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consequently, this study suggests that MZADC triggers the mTOR pathway through oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Understanding the toxicity mechanisms associated with ZADC can offer a valuable theoretical and experimental basis for its development and utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"tfae013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10848228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139705388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of acrylamide exposure during pregnancy and lactation on the development of myelin sheath of corpus callosum in offspring rats. 孕期和哺乳期摄入丙烯酰胺对后代大鼠胼胝体髓鞘发育的影响。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae014
Shuping Liu, Dehui Yang, Suqiu Dong, Yuyou Luo, Tong Zhang, Siyuan Li, Yanxian Bai, Lixia Li, Yuxin Ma, Jing Liu

Acrylamide is an alkene known to induce neurotoxicity in humans and experimental animals. However, the effects of acrylamide on the development of myelin sheath are unclear. The present study was to explore the effects of acrylamide exposure during pregnancy and lactation on the development of myelin sheath in offspring rats. Four groups of thirty-two pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 4.5, 9 and 18 mg/kg BW acrylamide by gavage from gestational day 15 to postnatal day 13. The corpus callosum of nine offspring rats per group were dissected in postpartum day 14. Structural changes and lipid contents in myelin sheaths were examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Luxol Fast Blue staining(LFB). The expression of MBP and PLP was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. TEM showed that the myelin sheaths in the 18 mg/kg group were disordered compared with control group. Luxol Fast Blue staining gradually decreased with increasing acrylamide maternal exposure. The immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting results showed that maternal exposure to acrylamide caused a decreasing trend in MBP and PLP in the corpus callosum of rats at postnatal day 14. Furthermore, these reduced protein levels may be neurodevelopmental toxicity's mechanism in response to maternal exposure to acrylamide.

丙烯酰胺是一种烯烃,已知会对人类和实验动物产生神经毒性。然而,丙烯酰胺对髓鞘发育的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨怀孕和哺乳期大鼠摄入丙烯酰胺对后代大鼠髓鞘发育的影响。研究人員分四組,每組 32 隻懷孕期間的 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠,分別在懷孕期第 15 天至出生後第 13 天,灌胃攝入每公斤體重 0、4.5、9 和 18 毫克的丙烯酰胺。在产后第 14 天解剖每组 9 只后代大鼠的胼胝体。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和璐酚快蓝染色(LFB)检测髓鞘的结构变化和脂质含量。免疫组化和 Western 印迹法评估了 MBP 和 PLP 的表达。TEM显示,与对照组相比,18 mg/kg组的髓鞘紊乱。随着丙烯酰胺母体暴露量的增加,鲁索快蓝染色逐渐减弱。免疫组织化学和 Western 印迹分析结果表明,母体暴露于丙烯酰胺会导致大鼠胼胝体中的 MBP 和 PLP 在出生后第 14 天呈下降趋势。此外,这些蛋白质水平的降低可能是母体接触丙烯酰胺后神经发育毒性的反应机制。
{"title":"Effects of acrylamide exposure during pregnancy and lactation on the development of myelin sheath of corpus callosum in offspring rats.","authors":"Shuping Liu, Dehui Yang, Suqiu Dong, Yuyou Luo, Tong Zhang, Siyuan Li, Yanxian Bai, Lixia Li, Yuxin Ma, Jing Liu","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfae014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfae014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acrylamide is an alkene known to induce neurotoxicity in humans and experimental animals. However, the effects of acrylamide on the development of myelin sheath are unclear. The present study was to explore the effects of acrylamide exposure during pregnancy and lactation on the development of myelin sheath in offspring rats. Four groups of thirty-two pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 4.5, 9 and 18 mg/kg BW acrylamide by gavage from gestational day 15 to postnatal day 13. The corpus callosum of nine offspring rats per group were dissected in postpartum day 14. Structural changes and lipid contents in myelin sheaths were examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Luxol Fast Blue staining(LFB). The expression of MBP and PLP was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. TEM showed that the myelin sheaths in the 18 mg/kg group were disordered compared with control group. Luxol Fast Blue staining gradually decreased with increasing acrylamide maternal exposure. The immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting results showed that maternal exposure to acrylamide caused a decreasing trend in MBP and PLP in the corpus callosum of rats at postnatal day 14. Furthermore, these reduced protein levels may be neurodevelopmental toxicity's mechanism in response to maternal exposure to acrylamide.</p>","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"tfae014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10836055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integrated bioinformatics analysis identifies a Ferroptosis-related gene signature as prognosis model and potential therapeutic target of bladder cancer. 综合生物信息学分析确定了膀胱癌的预后模型和潜在治疗靶点--铁突变相关基因特征。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-27 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae010
Zonglai Liu, Dan Du, Shizhong Zhang

Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of non-apoptotic cell death that plays an important role in tumors. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in BLCA has not yet been well studied.

Method and materials: In this study, we performed consensus clustering based on FRGS and categorized BLCA patients into 2 clusters (C1 and C2). Immune cell infiltration score and immune score for each sample were computed using the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE methods. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes were performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Protein expression validation were confirmed in Human Protein Atlas. Gene expression validation were performed by qPCR in human bladder cancer cell lines lysis samples.

Result: C2 had a significant survival advantage and higher immune infiltration levels than C1. Additionally, C2 showed substantially higher expression levels of immune checkpoint markers than C1. According to the Cox and LASSO regression analyses, a novel ferroptosis-related prognostic signature was developed to predict the prognosis of BLCA effectively. High-risk and low-risk groups were divided according to risk scores. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that the high-risk group had a shorter overall survival than the low-risk group throughout the cohort. Furthermore, a nomogram combining risk score and clinical features was developed. Finally, SLC39A7 was identified as a potential target in bladder cancer.

Discussion: In conclusion, we identified two ferroptosis-clusters with different prognoses using consensus clustering in BLCA. We also developed a ferroptosis-related prognostic signature and nomogram, which could indicate the outcome.

背景:膀胱癌(BLCA)是全球发病率最高的癌症之一。铁凋亡是一种新发现的非凋亡性细胞死亡形式,在肿瘤中发挥着重要作用。然而,铁凋亡相关基因(FRGs)在膀胱癌中的预后价值尚未得到充分研究:在本研究中,我们基于 FRGS 进行了共识聚类,并将 BLCA 患者分为 2 个聚类(C1 和 C2)。使用 CIBERSORT 和 ESTIMATE 方法计算每个样本的免疫细胞浸润评分和免疫评分。通过基因本体(GO)和 KEGG 通路富集分析对差异表达基因进行了功能注释。蛋白质表达验证在人类蛋白质图谱中得到确认。通过 qPCR 对人类膀胱癌细胞系裂解样本进行基因表达验证:结果:与 C1 相比,C2 具有明显的生存优势和更高的免疫浸润水平。此外,C2 的免疫检查点标记物表达水平也远高于 C1。根据 Cox 和 LASSO 回归分析,建立了一种新型的铁蛋白沉积相关预后特征,可有效预测 BLCA 的预后。根据风险评分划分了高风险组和低风险组。Kaplan-Meier 生存分析表明,在整个队列中,高危组的总生存期短于低危组。此外,还结合风险评分和临床特征绘制了一个提名图。最后,SLC39A7被确定为膀胱癌的潜在靶点:总之,我们在 BLCA 中使用共识聚类发现了两个预后不同的铁浸润簇。我们还建立了一个与铁蛋白沉积相关的预后特征和提名图,它可以指示预后。
{"title":"Integrated bioinformatics analysis identifies a Ferroptosis-related gene signature as prognosis model and potential therapeutic target of bladder cancer.","authors":"Zonglai Liu, Dan Du, Shizhong Zhang","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfae010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfae010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of non-apoptotic cell death that plays an important role in tumors. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in BLCA has not yet been well studied.</p><p><strong>Method and materials: </strong>In this study, we performed consensus clustering based on FRGS and categorized BLCA patients into 2 clusters (C1 and C2). Immune cell infiltration score and immune score for each sample were computed using the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE methods. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes were performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Protein expression validation were confirmed in Human Protein Atlas. Gene expression validation were performed by qPCR in human bladder cancer cell lines lysis samples.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>C2 had a significant survival advantage and higher immune infiltration levels than C1. Additionally, C2 showed substantially higher expression levels of immune checkpoint markers than C1. According to the Cox and LASSO regression analyses, a novel ferroptosis-related prognostic signature was developed to predict the prognosis of BLCA effectively. High-risk and low-risk groups were divided according to risk scores. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that the high-risk group had a shorter overall survival than the low-risk group throughout the cohort. Furthermore, a nomogram combining risk score and clinical features was developed. Finally, SLC39A7 was identified as a potential target in bladder cancer.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, we identified two ferroptosis-clusters with different prognoses using consensus clustering in BLCA. We also developed a ferroptosis-related prognostic signature and nomogram, which could indicate the outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"tfae010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10822837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139641232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphine compromises androgen biosynthesis by immature Leydig cells from pubertal rat testes in vitro. 吗啡会影响青春期大鼠睾丸未成熟莱蒂格细胞在体外的雄激素生物合成。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-25 eCollection Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae001
Yao Lv, Yaoyao Dong, Ming Su, Hang Lin, Qiqi Zhu, Huitao Li

Morphine is an analgesic in the opiate family, isolated from many plants. It can inhibit androgen biosynthesis by Leydig cells. Whether morphine directly inhibits androgen biosynthesis and underlying mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the influence of morphine on androgen secretion by rat immature Leydig cells (ILCs) and possible mechanism. Rat ILCs were treated with 0.5-50 μM morphine for 3 h in vitro. Morphine at ≥0.5 μM significantly reduced total androgen secretion. Morphine at 50 μM also compromised luteinizing hormone (LH, 10 mg/kg), 8Br-cAMP (1 mM), and 22R-hydroxycholesterol (20 μM) stimulated total androgen, androstanediol, and testosterone secretion, without affecting pregnenolone, progesterone, androstenedione mediated androgen secretion and testosterone and dihydrotestosterone mediated androstanediol secretion. Further analysis revealed that morphine at ≥0.5 μM downregulated Star expression and at ≥5 μM downregulated Cyp11a1 expression. Morphine also significantly reduced STAR (≥0.5 μM) and reduced CYP11A1 (≥5 μM) levels. 0.5 μM naloxone significantly antagonized morphine-mediated action. In conclusion, morphine might cause side effects by suppressing androgen biosynthesis via u opioid receptor.

吗啡是从许多植物中分离出来的阿片类镇痛药。它可抑制莱德细胞的雄激素生物合成。吗啡是否直接抑制雄激素的生物合成及其机制尚不清楚。为了研究吗啡对大鼠未成熟莱德细胞(ILCs)分泌雄激素的影响及可能的机制。在体外用 0.5-50 μM 吗啡处理大鼠 ILCs 3 小时。吗啡浓度≥0.5 μM时可明显降低雄激素的总分泌量。50 μM的吗啡也会影响黄体生成素(LH,10 mg/kg)、8Br-cAMP(1 mM)和22R-羟基胆固醇(20 μM)刺激的总雄激素、雄甾二醇和睾酮的分泌,但不影响孕烯醇酮、孕酮和雄烯二酮介导的雄激素分泌以及睾酮和双氢睾酮介导的雄甾二醇分泌。进一步的分析表明,吗啡≥0.5 μM时会下调Star的表达,≥5 μM时会下调Cyp11a1的表达。吗啡还能明显降低 STAR(≥0.5 μM)和 CYP11A1(≥5 μM)的水平。0.5 μM 纳洛酮能明显拮抗吗啡介导的作用。总之,吗啡可能通过u阿片受体抑制雄激素的生物合成而产生副作用。
{"title":"Morphine compromises androgen biosynthesis by immature Leydig cells from pubertal rat testes in vitro.","authors":"Yao Lv, Yaoyao Dong, Ming Su, Hang Lin, Qiqi Zhu, Huitao Li","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfae001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfae001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morphine is an analgesic in the opiate family, isolated from many plants. It can inhibit androgen biosynthesis by Leydig cells. Whether morphine directly inhibits androgen biosynthesis and underlying mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the influence of morphine on androgen secretion by rat immature Leydig cells (ILCs) and possible mechanism. Rat ILCs were treated with 0.5-50 μM morphine for 3 h in vitro. Morphine at ≥0.5 μM significantly reduced total androgen secretion. Morphine at 50 μM also compromised luteinizing hormone (LH, 10 mg/kg), 8Br-cAMP (1 mM), and 22R-hydroxycholesterol (20 μM) stimulated total androgen, androstanediol, and testosterone secretion, without affecting pregnenolone, progesterone, androstenedione mediated androgen secretion and testosterone and dihydrotestosterone mediated androstanediol secretion. Further analysis revealed that morphine at ≥0.5 μM downregulated Star expression and at ≥5 μM downregulated <i>Cyp11a1</i> expression. Morphine also significantly reduced STAR (≥0.5 μM) and reduced CYP11A1 (≥5 μM) levels. 0.5 μM naloxone significantly antagonized morphine-mediated action. In conclusion, morphine might cause side effects by suppressing androgen biosynthesis via u opioid receptor.</p>","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"tfae001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10811522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139568825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Toxicology Research
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1